C# 操作Windows系统设备的多种方式

1. WMI(Windows Management Instrumentation)的方式。（网上很多禁用启用设备的方式是.InvokeMethod("Disable", null)，只传两个参数，win11上会报错）

常用的一些类库名可以检索 WMI使用的WIN32_类库名WMI使用的WIN32_类库名

// 枚举所有设备
            ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("select * from win32_PnPEntity");
            foreach (ManagementObject printer in searcher.Get())
            {
                // 设备名称
                string name = printer["Name"].ToString();
                printer.InvokeMethod("Disable", null, null);
                printer.InvokeMethod("Enable", null, null);
            }

2. 使用Windows API。

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

// 打印机信息结构体
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public struct PRINTER_INFO_2
{
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pServerName;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pPrinterName;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pShareName;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pPortName;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pDriverName;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pComment;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pLocation;
    public IntPtr pDevMode;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pSepFile;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pPrintProcessor;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pDatatype;
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
    public string pParameters;
    public IntPtr pSecurityDescriptor;
    public uint Attributes;
    public uint Priority;
    public uint DefaultPriority;
    public uint StartTime;
    public uint UntilTime;
    public uint Status;
    public uint cJobs;
    public uint AveragePPM;
}

// 列举所有打印机设备
[DllImport("winspool.drv", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool EnumPrinters(uint flags, string name, uint level, IntPtr pPrinterEnum, uint size, ref uint needed, ref uint returned);

const uint PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL = 0x2;
const uint PRINTER_ENUM_CONNECTIONS = 0x4;

uint needed = 0;
uint returned = 0;
EnumPrinters(PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL | PRINTER_ENUM_CONNECTIONS, null, 2, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref needed, ref returned);

IntPtr pPrinterEnum = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)needed);
bool success = EnumPrinters(PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL | PRINTER_ENUM_CONNECTIONS, null, 2, pPrinterEnum, needed, ref needed, ref returned);

if (success)
{
    IntPtr pCurrentPrinter = pPrinterEnum;
    for (int i = 0; i < returned; i++)
    {
        PRINTER_INFO_2 printer = (PRINTER_INFO_2)Marshal.PtrToStructure(pCurrentPrinter, typeof(PRINTER_INFO_2));
        
        // 打印机名称
        string name = printer.pPrinterName;

        // 打印机状态
        string status = printer.Status.ToString();

        // ... 其他属性

        pCurrentPrinter = new IntPtr(pCurrentPrinter.ToInt64() + Marshal.SizeOf(printer));
    }
}

Marshal.FreeHGlobal(pPrinterEnum);

3. 使用第三方插件，例如devcon。

/// <summary>
        /// 禁用设备
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public async Task<bool> DisableAsync(string id)
        {
            string[] cmdDisable = { $"\"{_devConPath}\" disable @\"*{id}\" " };
            var disableRes = await StartCmdAsync(cmdDisable);
            var isSuccess = disableRes.Contains(devDisabled);
            return isSuccess;
        }

/// <summary>
        /// 异步执行Cmd命令并返回结果
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="commands">执行的CMD命名</param>
        /// <returns>返回的结果</returns>
        private async Task<string> StartCmdAsync(params string[] commands)
        {
            Process startInfo = new Process();
            startInfo.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
            startInfo.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
            startInfo.StartInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
            startInfo.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput = true;
            startInfo.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
            startInfo.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
            startInfo.StartInfo.Verb = "runas";
            startInfo.StartInfo.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
            startInfo.Start();
            foreach (var cmd in commands)
            {
                await startInfo.StandardInput.WriteLineAsync(cmd);
            }
            await startInfo.StandardInput.WriteLineAsync("exit");
            startInfo.StandardInput.AutoFlush = true;
            //获取cmd窗口的输出信息
            string output = await startInfo.StandardOutput.ReadToEndAsync();
            startInfo.Close();
            return output;
        }

 

注意:调用以上方法是需要以管理员身份运行的!!!