C语言string.h中常用字符函数介绍
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/xuwenmin888/archive/2013/05/03/3057883.html
strcpy
| 函数名: strcpy功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个用 法: char*strcpy(char*destin, char*source);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){charstring[10];char*str1 = "abcdefghi";strcpy(string, str1);  printf("%s\n", string);return0;} | 
strncpy
| 函数名:strncpy原型:char* strncpy(char*dest, char*src, size_tn);  功能:将字符串src中最多n个字符复制到字符数组dest中(它并不像strcpy一样遇到NULL才停止复制,而是等凑够n个字符才开始复制),返回指向dest的指针。#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){charstring[10];char*str1 = "abcdefghi";strncpy(string, str1,3);  printf("%s\n", string);return0;} | 
strcat
| 函数名: strcat功 能: 字符串拼接函数用 法: char*strcat(char*destin, char*source);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){chardestination[25];char*blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";strcpy(destination, Borland);strcat(destination, blank);strcat(destination, c);printf("%s\n", destination);return0;} | 
strchr
| 函数名: strchr功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处\用 法: char*strchr(char*str, charc);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){charstring[15];char*ptr, c = 'r';strcpy(string, "This is a string");ptr = strchr(string, c);if(ptr)printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);elseprintf("The character was not found\n");return0;} | 
strcmp
| 函数名: strcmp功 能: 串比较用 法: intstrcmp(char*str1, char*str2);看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";intptr;ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);if(ptr > 0)printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");elseprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);if(ptr > 0)printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3\n");elseprintf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3\n");return0;} | 
strnicmp
| 函数名: strnicmp功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写用 法: intstrnicmp(char*str1, char*str2, unsigned maxlen);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";intptr;ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1);if(ptr > 0)printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");if(ptr < 0)printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");if(ptr == 0)printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");return0;} | 
strlen
| 函数名:strlen功能: strlen函数求的是字符串的长度,它求得方法是从字符串的首地址开始到遇到第一个'\0'停止计数,如果你只定义没有给它赋初值,这个结果是不定的,它会从字符串首地址一直记下去,直到遇到'\0'才会停止。原型: size_tstrlen(constchar*s);#include<stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(){ inti=0;char*he ="Hello,world";i=strlen(he);printf("字符串长度为%d\n",i);return0;} //运行结果:字符串长度为11 | 
strcspn
| 函数名: strcspn功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段用 法: intstrcspn(char*str1, char*str2);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <alloc.h>intmain(void){char*string1 = "1234567890";char*string2 = "747DC8";intlength;length = strcspn(string1, string2);printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d\n", length);return0;} | 
strdup
| 函数名: strdup功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处用 法: char*strdup(char*str);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <alloc.h>intmain(void){char*dup_str, *string = "abcde";dup_str = strdup(string);printf("%s\n", dup_str);free(dup_str);return0;} | 
stricmp
| 函数名:stricmp功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串用 法: intstricmp(char*str1, char*str2);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";intptr;ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);if(ptr > 0)printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");if(ptr < 0)printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");if(ptr == 0)printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");return0;} | 
strerror
| 函数名: strerror功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针用 法: char*strerror(interrnum);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <errno.h>intmain(void){char*buffer;buffer = strerror(errno);printf("Error: %s\n", buffer);return0;} | 
strcmpi
| 函数名: strcmpi功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写用 法: intstrcmpi(char*str1, char*str2);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";intptr;ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);if(ptr > 0)printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");if(ptr < 0)printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");if(ptr == 0)printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");return0;} | 
strnicmp
| 函数名: strnicmp功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串用 法: intstrnicmp(char*str1, char*str2, unsigned maxlen);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";intptr;ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);if(ptr > 0)printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1\n");if(ptr < 0)printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1\n");if(ptr == 0)printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1\n");return0;} | 
strnset
| 函数名: strnset功 能: 将一个字符串前n个字符都设为指定字符用 法: char*strnset(char*str, charch, unsigned n);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){char*string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";charletter = 'x';printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);strnset(string, letter, 13);printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);return0;} | 
strpbrk
| 函数名: strpbrk功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符用 法: char*strpbrk(char*str1, char*str2);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){char*string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";char*string2 = "onm";char*ptr;ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);if(ptr)printf("strpbrk found first character: %c\n", *ptr);elseprintf("strpbrk didn't find character in set\n");return0;} | 
strrchr
| 函数名: strrchr功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现用 法: char*strrchr(char*str, charc);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){charstring[15];char*ptr, c = 'r';strcpy(string, "This is a string");ptr = strrchr(string, c);if(ptr)printf("The character %c is at position: %d\n", c, ptr-string);elseprintf("The character was not found\n");return0;} | 
strrev
| 函数名: strrev功 能: 串倒转用 法: char*strrev(char*str);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*forward = "string";printf("Before strrev(): %s\n", forward);strrev(forward);printf("After strrev(): %s\n", forward);return0;} | 
strset
| 函数名: strset功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符用 法: char*strset(char*str, charc);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){charstring[10] = "123456789";charsymbol = 'c';printf("Before strset(): %s\n", string);strset(string, symbol);printf("After strset(): %s\n", string);return0;} | 
strstr
| 函数名: strstr功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现用 法: char*strstr(char*str1, char*str2);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){char*str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;ptr = strstr(str1, str2);printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);return0;} | 
strtod
| 函数名: strtod功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值用 法: doublestrtod(char*str, char**endptr);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>intmain(void){charinput[80], *endptr;doublevalue;printf("Enter a floating point number:");gets(input);value = strtod(input, &endptr);printf("The string is %s the number is %lf\n", input, value);return0;} | 
strtok
| 函数名: strtok功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词用 法: char*strtok(char*str1, char*str2);程序例:#include <string.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){charinput[16] = "abc,d";char*p;/* strtok places a NULL terminatorin front of the token, if found */p = strtok(input, ",");if(p) printf("%s\n", p);/* A second call to strtok using a NULLas the first parameter returns a pointerto the character following the token */p = strtok(NULL, ",");if(p) printf("%s\n", p);return0;} | 
strtol
| 函数名: strtol功 能: 将串转换为长整数用 法: longstrtol(char*str, char**endptr, intbase);程序例:#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>intmain(void){char*string = "87654321", *endptr;longlnumber;/* strtol converts string to long integer */lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);printf("string = %s long = %ld\n", string, lnumber);return0;} | 
strupr
| 函数名:strupr功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母用 法: char*strupr(char*str);程序例:#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>intmain(void){charstring[ ] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;//定义为数组才能修改/* converts string to upper case characters */ptr = strupr(string);printf("%s\n", ptr);return0;} | 
swab
| 函数名: swab功 能: 交换字节用 法: voidswab (char*from, char*to, intnbytes);程序例:#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>charsource[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";chartarget[15];intmain(void){swab(source, target, strlen(source));printf("This is target: %s\n", target);return0;} | 
以上都是些C中字符串的常用函数,非常实用,此处记录,方便以后温故:)
 
                    
                 
                
            
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浙公网安备 33010602011771号