实验6
任务1:
contestant.hpp
#pragma once #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> struct Contestant { long id; // 学号 std::string name; // 姓名 std::string major; // 专业 int solved; // 解题数 int penalty; // 总罚时 }; // 重载<< // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) { out << std::left; out << std::setw(15) << c.id << std::setw(15) << c.name << std::setw(15) << c.major << std::setw(10) << c.solved << std::setw(10) << c.penalty; return out; } // 重载>> inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) { in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty; return in; }
utils.hpp
#pragma once #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <string> #include <vector> #include "contestant.hpp" // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { if(a.solved != b.solved) return a.solved > b.solved; return a.penalty < b.penalty; } // 将结果写至任意输出流 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { for (const auto& x : v) os << x << '\n'; } // 将结果打印到屏幕 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { write(std::cout, v); } // 将结果保存到文件 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { std::ofstream os(filename); if (!os) throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); write(os, v); } // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行) inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) { std::ifstream is(filename); if (!is) throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); std::string line; std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 std::vector<Contestant> v; Contestant t; int seq; while (is >> seq >> t) v.push_back(t); return v; }
task1.cpp
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <vector> #include "contestant.hpp" #include "utils.hpp" const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; void app() { std::vector<Contestant> contestants; try { contestants = load(in_file); std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); print(contestants); save(out_file, contestants); } catch (const std::exception& e) { std::cerr << e.what() << '\n'; return; } } int main() { app(); }
运行结果:

[](const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { return a.solved != b.solved ? a.solved > b.solved : a.penalty < b.penalty;}

输出的结果不对,首先输出的人数变少了,第一个人的解题数不对,罚时也不对。没有正确输出原文件的信息。
这是因为load函数中,使用while (is >> seq >> t) 提取数据,当遇到空白行时,会导致循环结束;此外,重载函数operator>>中,代码为:
in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty;因此,如果有缺失字段,会导致输入信息不正确,因此发生错误。
int line_number=0;
while(std::getline(is,line)){
line_number++; if(line.empty()){ std::cerr << "警告: 第 " << line_number << " 行是空行,已跳过\n"; continue; } std::istringstream ss; if(!(ss>>seq)){ std::cerr << "警告: 第 " << line_number << " 行无法读取序号\n"; continue; } if(!(ss>>t)){ std::cerr << "警告: 第 " << line_number << " 行无法读取数据\n"; continue; }
v.push_back(t);
}
任务2:
student.hpp
#pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> class Student { public: Student() = default; ~Student() = default; const std::string get_major() const; int get_grade() const; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s); friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s); private: int id; std::string name; std::string major; int grade; // 0-100 };
student.cpp
#include "student.hpp" const std::string Student::get_major() const{ return major; } int Student::get_grade() const{ return grade; } std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s){ os<<s.id<<" "<<s.name<<" "<<s.major<<" "<<s.grade; return os; } std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s){ is>>s.id>>s.name>>s.major>>s.grade; return is; }
stumgr.hpp
#pragma once #include <string> #include <vector> #include "student.hpp" class StuMgr { public: void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 void print() const; // 打印到屏幕 void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件 private: void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流 private: std::vector<Student> students; };
stumgr.cpp
#include "stumgr.hpp"
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdexcept>
void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file){
std::ifstream is(file);
if(!is)
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + file);
std::string line;
std::getline(is,line);
Student t;
int line_number=1;
while(getline(is,line)){
line_number++;
if(line.empty()){
std::cerr << "[Warning] line " << line_number << " 空行,skipped\n";
continue;
}
std::istringstream ss(line);
if(!(ss>>t)){
std::cerr << "[Warning] line " << line_number << " fromat error,skipped:"<<line<<"\n";
continue;
}
if(t.get_grade()>100)
{
std::cerr << "[Warning] line " << line_number << " grade invalid,skipped:"<<line<<"\n";
continue;
}
students.push_back(t);
}
}
void StuMgr::sort(){
if (students.empty()) {
std::cout << "empty" << std::endl; // 按照要求输出 empty
return;
}
try {
std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(),
[](const Student& a, const Student& b) {
if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) {
return a.get_major() < b.get_major();
} else {
return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade();
}
});
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "排序过程中发生错误: " << e.what() << std::endl;
std::cout << "empty" << std::endl; // 如果排序失败也输出 empty
}
}
void StuMgr::print() const{
write(std::cout);
}
void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const{
std::ofstream out(file);
if(!out){
throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + file);
}
out<<"学号\t姓名\t专业\t成绩\n";
write(out);
}
void StuMgr::write(std::ostream &os) const{
for (const auto& x : students) {
os << x << '\n';
}
}
task2.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <limits> #include <string> #include "stumgr.hpp" const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; void menu() { std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n" "1. 加载文件\n" "2. 排序\n" "3. 打印到屏幕\n" "4. 保存到文件\n" "5. 退出\n" "请选择:"; } void app() { StuMgr mgr; while(true) { menu(); int choice; std::cin >> choice; try { switch (choice) { case 1: mgr.load(in_file); std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break; case 2: mgr.sort(); std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break; case 3: mgr.print(); std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break; case 4: mgr.save(out_file); std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break; case 5: return; default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n"; } } catch (const std::exception& e) { std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n'; } } } int main() { app(); }
运行结果截图:

文件截图:

如果文件打开异常:

对于脏数据文件:
运行结果:

文件内容:


浙公网安备 33010602011771号