oracle11-静默安装

1.服务器初始化

1.1关闭selinux

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config #永久禁用，重启服务器生效
setenforce 0 #临时修改宽容模式
getenforce 

1.2关闭防火墙

system stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

1.3系统参数修改

这里要注意两个参数kernel.shmmax，kernel.shmall

kernel.shmmax 为操作系统内存的75%，本次主机以32G算取整32*75%*1024*1024*1024=25769803776

kernel.shmall 为kernel.shmmax /4096，本次主机为25769803776/4096=6291456

echo """
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 6291456
kernel.shmmax = 25769803776
""" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

1.4调整/dev/shm

-- 查看/dev/shm大小,由以下可知当前大小为16G，我们需要调整到24G（kernel.shmmax 的值）

[root@ltdg ~]# df -lh tmpfs

16G 72K 16G 1% /dev/shm

-- 临时立即生效

[root@ltdg ~]# mount -o remount,size=24G /dev/shm 

--开机启动生效配置

编辑vim /etc/fstab，在有/dev/shm那一行中defaults后面添个逗号，加上size的大小；如果没有直接新增语句

 1.5关闭RemoveIPC特性

  vim /etc/systemd/logind.conf

  修改RemoveIPC=no

重启服务器reboot或者重启systemd-logind

重启systemd-logind：

1 # systemctl daemon-reload

2 # systemctl restart systemd-logind

建议重启服务器，df –lh查看24G设置是否生效

1.6系统环境变量修改

vim /etc/security/limits.conf  
oracle soft nproc 65536
oracle hard nproc 65536
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536

vim  /etc/pam.d/login
       session   required    /lib/security/pam_limits.so
       session   required    pam_limits.so
   
vim  /etc/sysctl.conf
        net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
        net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
        net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
        net.core.wmem_default = 262144
        net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
执行生效sysctl –p

vim   /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

1.7 修改/etc/hosts

注意主机名不要是默认localhost

2.配置用户目录

2.1创建用户

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper
/usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
echo 密码| passwd --stdin oracle （设置oracle用户密码）

2.2创建目录

mkdir -p /data/app/oracle
mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /data/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/app/oracle

2.3配置oracle用户环境变量

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=orcl" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386/server' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASS_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASS_PATH=$CLASS_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASS_PATH=$CLASS_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/bin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd:hh24:mi:ss'' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

3.安装步骤

3.1安装依赖包

如果一起安装不成功的话，分开一个个安装

yum -y install libaio libaio-devel
yum install -y unixODBC unixODBC-devel binutils* compat-libstdc*
yum install -y gcc*
yum install -y ksh* libaio* libgcc* libstdc*
yum install -y make* openmotif* pdksh* sysstat* libXp* glibc-kernheaders
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel

3.2安装oracle

将安装包放在/data/app/oracle-install/目录下解压

编辑 db_install.rsp文件，修改以下内容，注意memoryLimit的单位是M，这里填写24G大小

db_install.rsp文件路径在解压(zip安装包)后的database/response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG          --安装软件及创建实例监听
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ltdg                               --主机名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                           --ORACLE组名
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oracle/oraInventory     --oracle目录
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1      --oracle home
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle/                          --oracle base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                          --安装企业版
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                         --安装用户dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall                      --安装组oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE     --实例为一般用途
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl          --全局名
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl                  --实例名与全局名一致，注意大小写一样
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK        --字符集
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=24576            --SGA+PGA的总值（单位M）
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Bssoft_2021       --sys密码（自定义）
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE     --单机文件存储
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/data/app/oracle/oradata        --文件存储目录
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area      --闪回区目录
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true        --安全

使用以下语句进行安装

[oracle@ltdg response]$ /data/app/oracle-install/database/runInstaller -silent –responseFile /data/app/oracle-install/database/response/db_install.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 235404 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 32723 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2021-03-23_11-01-05AM.
Please wait ...[oracle@ltdg response]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inve
ntory is located in the Oracle base. CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the
Oracle base

 

使用root用户跑一下上面两个脚本

[root@ltdg oracle]# /data/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /data/app/oracle/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /data/app/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@ltdg oracle]# /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_ltdg_2021-03-23_11-10-59.log for
the output of root script

4.检查

查看数据库状态是否为read,write

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
------------------------------------------------------------
READ WRITE

查看是否归档模式，默认为非归档

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode         No Archive Mode
Automatic archival          Disabled
Archive destination          USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     4
Current log sequence          6