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linux服务器webdriver启动Chrome浏览器失败

碰到一个linux启动Chrome浏览器失败的奇怪问题,查了很久资料,问题终于解决了,特此记录一下

我的情况是,一开始运维给了一个deploy的账号去部署项目UI自动化测试项目,项目是运行没有问题的,后边运维说要回收掉原有的deploy账号,给了一个dev的账号,结果项目就运行不起来了,报错也知识提示下面的内容:

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

后边想了很久,采用了直接启动Chrome浏览器的方法,才找到了问题根源

解决方法采用了这个链接的解决办法 https://blog.csdn.net/guyongqiangx/article/details/128841417

我在多台 ubuntu server 上使用 jenkins 账户运行 selenium webdriver 时都遇到了这个问题。
包括 ubuntu 16.04, ubuntu 18.04 和 ubuntu 20.04 的 server 系统,这是一个普遍存在的问题。
失败时的错误信息如下:

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

下面是我尝试使用一个简单脚本复现问题时的详细日志:

(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ python3 Others/testSample.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Others/testSample.py", line 28, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
  File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 277, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 370, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 435, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/scratch/test/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 247, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
#0 0x5565e64e1463 <unknown>
#1 0x5565e62a58d8 <unknown>
#2 0x5565e62cdb6a <unknown>
#3 0x5565e62c8c05 <unknown>
#4 0x5565e630c802 <unknown>
#5 0x5565e630c2af <unknown>
#6 0x5565e6304443 <unknown>
#7 0x5565e62d53c5 <unknown>
#8 0x5565e62d6531 <unknown>
#9 0x5565e6533dce <unknown>
#10 0x5565e6537192 <unknown>
#11 0x5565e651893e <unknown>
#12 0x5565e6538103 <unknown>
#13 0x5565e650bd85 <unknown>
#14 0x5565e65590a8 <unknown>
#15 0x5565e6559239 <unknown>
#16 0x5565e6574492 <unknown>
#17 0x7f78ae631609 start_thread

(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ 

但是如果我使用另一个账户进行测试则表现正常:

(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ python3 Others/testSample.py 
URL: http://bp3.newbiestart.net/, Title: Home - BP3
Checkbox is not selected, click it
Checkbox is selected
URL: http://bp3.newbiestart.net/, Title: Home - BP3
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ 

这两个测试的唯一区别是账户不同,一个是普通账户 rocky,另外一个是 jenkins 账户。
这个问题持续了好久,能想到的各种环境因素都试过了,也根据前面的错误信息使用百度和谷歌翻了很多网页,一直没有解决。
直到有一天,我突然想起来,应该缩小排查的范围,使用 jenkins 直接运行 Chrome 无头浏览器(headless) 看看。
果然,在 jenkins 上运行 Chrome 无头浏览器也失败了,惊喜的是,这次运行给出了明确的错误信息。
以下是我分别使用普通账户和 jenkins 账户在命令函运行 Chrome 无头浏览器的日志:

使用 rocky 账户运行 google-chrome headless 正常

(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom https://www.baidu.com
[1220/215744.646207:WARNING:bluez_dbus_manager.cc(247)] Floss manager not present, cannot set Floss enable/disable.
[1220/215744.672649:WARNING:sandbox_linux.cc(380)] InitializeSandbox() called with multiple threads in process gpu-process.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head>
...
... 这中间是正常的网页内容
...
</script><script defer="" src="//hectorstatic.baidu.com/96c9c06653ba892e.js"></script></body></html>
(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ 

使用 jenkins 账户运行 google-chrome headless 异常

(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom https://www.baidu.com
[1220/215611.305649:ERROR:filesystem_posix.cc(63)] mkdir /tmp/Crashpad/new: Permission denied (13)
[1220/215611.306044:ERROR:socket.cc(120)] recvmsg: Connection reset by peer (104)
Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)
(venv) jenkins@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ 

这里提示无法创建 /tmp/Crashpad/new 目录,原因是 “Permission denied”.
转到 /tmp 目录下一看,“Crashpad” 目录的主人是 rocky 账户,而且 jenkins 没有任何权限。

(venv) rocky@guyongqiangx:/scratch/test/sampleKeywordTest$ ls -lh /tmp/
total 3.0M
drwxrwxr-x 3 andrew users   4.0K Oct 31 17:52 8863542
drwxrwxr-x 3 andrew users   4.0K Oct 31 18:04 8882707
-rw-r----- 1 andrew users    49K Dec  6 17:13 adb.36670.log
drwx------ 6 rocky  users   4.0K Dec 20 20:53 Crashpad

对比虚拟机上可以正常执行 jenkins 的环境:

(venv) ygu@bp3tester:/local/bp3Test/sampleKeywordTest$ ls -lh /tmp/
total 3.3M
drwx------ 6 jenkins jenkins 4.0K Dec  3 00:06 Crashpad
drwxr-xr-x 2 jenkins jenkins 4.0K Dec 20 21:45 hsperfdata_jenkins

这里可以看到,虚拟机上正常执行环境的 /tmp/Crashpad 属于 jenkins 账户。
找到了原因,解决的办法就容易了。
有以下几种办法:

  1. /tmp/Crashpad 目录的拥有者更改为 jenkins
$ sudo chown -R jenkins:jenkins /tmp/Crashpad 
  1. 不改变 /tmp/Crashpad 目录的拥有者,但将其权限设置为 777,让 jenkins 账户也可以操作
$ sudo chmod -R 777 /tmp/Crashpad

问题完美解决。

如果你在 ubuntu server 上运行 selenium webdriver 失败,建议做如下检查:

  1. server 上是否安装了 Chrome 浏览器应用?
  2. 运行 selenium webdriver 时是否下载并指定了 Chrome 对应的 webdriver?
  3. 使用 jenkins 在没有图形界面的环境下运行 selenium,需要将其设置为无头模式(headless)
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options as ChromeOptions
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

chrome_options = ChromeOptions()

chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')

# 这里使用 ChromeDriverManager 自动安装 webdriver
chrome_service = ChromeService(executable_path=ChromeDriverManager().install())
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=chrome_service, options=chrome_options)
...
  1. 尝试在命令行直接以无头模式运行 Chrome
$ google-chrome --headless --disable-gpu --dump-dom https://www.baidu.com

这里我使用了第4中方式,但是也是会有提示什么多线程GPU的问题,不过测试脚本已经可以正常使用webdriver启用Chrome浏览器了

posted @ 2024-01-12 13:37  DuKe渡客  阅读(161)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报