【研究生考试 - 英语真题积累】第一部分
单词
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corporation n.大公司 (辨析:cooperation n.合作)
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leisure n. 闲暇 | adj. 空闲的
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enhance vt. 提高
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whereas conj. 但是,表转折
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accommodate vt. 使适应, 顺应;提供住处;
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surplus adj. 过剩的
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surpassed vt. 超越
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barely adv. 仅仅, 勉强, 几乎不; 公开的; 贫乏的(辨析:rarely adv. 罕见的)
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proficiency n. 熟练, 精通
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espionage n. 谍报活动
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spook n. 间谍
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amastery n. 优势;掌握
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mutually adv. 互相地
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reinforce vt. 增强
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rival n. 竞争对手;vt. 竞争
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indignant adj. 愤怒的
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apprehensive adj. 不安焦虑的;善于领会的
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vocation n. 职业 ( 辨析:vacation n. 假期)
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misguided adj. 被误导的,错误的 / misplaced adj. 不合适的,不正确的 / misconceived adj. 计划不周的,考虑不周的
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triumph n. 胜利 | vi. 获胜
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advocate vt. 提倡 | n. 支持者;律师
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perplexed adj. 困惑的;不知所措的
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immunization n.免疫接种
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staff vt.为…配备员工
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epidemic n.传染病
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deceptive adj. 欺骗人的
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humane adj. 仁慈的
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monopoly adj. 垄断
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freight n. 货运 | vt. 运输
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ton-miles n. 货运计量单位 - 吨英里
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revenue n. 收入
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shipper n. 发货人
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commodity n. 商品
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consolidation n. 巩固; 合并
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surge n.|v. (感情等)洋溢
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capital n. 首都;大写字母;资金
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incidence n. 发生率; 影响范围
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illustrate vt. 说明
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literally adv. 逐字地;字面;简直;真正地
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identical adj. 同一的
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supervision n. 监督
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cement n. 水泥 | vt. 巩固, 加强
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assimilation n. (食物等的)吸收;同化
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eliminate vt. 消除;忽略;淘汰
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insidious adj. 阴险的
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condemn vt. 判刑;谴责
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evenly adv. 平坦地; 平等地
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middle-brow n. 智能学识平凡的人 | adj. 极普通的
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dreadful adj. 可怕的;糟透的
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predominantly adv. 占主导地位地; 显著地
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frenzied adj. 狂乱的
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counterbalance vt. 对…起平衡作用; 抵消 | n. 抗衡 (力); 平衡力
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exploitation n. 开发; 广告推销
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rigorous adj. 严密的; 严格的
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reluctantly adv. 不情愿地
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contemplative adj. 沉思的;出神的
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manipulate vt. 熟练控制
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militant adj. 好战的
词组
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in a sense 在某种意义上
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if only 要是……多好
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lay the roots for 为……奠定基础
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by a large margin 大幅度地
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group dynamics 集体活动
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great game 伟大的事业
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make a plash 引人注目
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lean staff 人员精简
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back and forth 来回多次地
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deliberately harm 故意伤害
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rule out 排除
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allow for 考虑到;使……成为可能
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on the grounds that 以……理由
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juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪
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child abuse and child neglect 虐待和忽视儿童
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real estate 房地产
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venture investment 风险投资
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be subject to 遭受,受到
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be immune to 免受,对……免疫
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bite one‘s nails 束手无策,表示紧张、忧心
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sound a alarm 发出警报
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gold rush 淘金热
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silver linings 一线生机
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sustained boom 持续繁荣
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Federal Reserve Board 美国联邦储存委员会(简称美联储,Fed)
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trace the root of sth. 对……追根溯源
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intellectual pursuits 学术追求
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be vulnerable to 易受……伤害的
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common sense 常识
句型
That’s where Stratford earns its keep.
这正是Stratford公司的谋生之道。
To those who are unaware that the animal research was needed to produce these treatments, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
对于那些不知道产生这些疗法需要动物研究的人,动物研究看上去再好也是浪费,最坏那就是残忍。
Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
关注社会作用的理论则认为,青少年犯罪是对他们未能提升自己的社会经济地位的回应,或者是对中产阶级价值观的一种拒绝。
Consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was
common in the traditional family.
因此,孩子们在家中受到的管教有可能比较少,而这在传统的家庭结构中是常见的。
Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.
消费者看起来仅仅是在适度关注,并没有惊慌失措,许多人说即使他们稍微勒紧裤带,他们对经济的长期前景仍保持乐观。
9月17日
单词
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detect vt. 发觉
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dilute vt. 稀释 | adj. 稀释的
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dissolve vt. & vi. (使)溶解
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disperse vt. & vi. (使)散开
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diffuse vt. & vi. (使)扩散 | adj. 四散的
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stimuli n. 刺激;剌激物;促进因素(stimulus的复数)
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impulse n. 冲动;脉冲;神经冲动 | vt. 推动
9月18日
教训
TIPS 1: contrast - 对比两种事物的不同点,强调差异; compare - 比较两个事物,找出相同点和不同点,无偏向。
(2005年 Text1 T21) In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ____.
[A] posing a contrast [B] justifying an assumption [C] making a comparison [D] explaining a phenomenon
TIPS 2: 选项陷阱 - 夸大程度,绝对化
TIPS 3: 选项陷阱 - 选项与原文 “正话反说”
(2005年 Text2 T26)An argument made by supports of smoking was that ___.
[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
C选项在文中定位句是 “That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life ……”。
Text2 原文摘录
TIPS 4:小技巧 - 文章中的用词有时候暴露了作者的个人倾向
assume - If you assume that something is true,you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly.
assumption - If you make an assumption that something is true or will happen, often without any real proof.
单词
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reputation n. 名气
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outraged adj. 义愤填膺的
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grievance n. 委屈,不满
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slack adj. 松(弛)的
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good-natured adj. 和善的
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counterpart n. 旗鼓相当的人或物
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preserve n. 某人所专有的活动、爱好 (熟词新义)
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parallel adj. 类似的;平行的 | n. & vt. (使)平行
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lobby v. & n. 游说
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initiative n. 主动性;主动的行动
词组
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a fat pay rise 丰厚的加薪
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induce resentment in sb. 引起某人的怨恨
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arouse / provoke / spark / stir up / trigger + resentment 引起怨恨
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stem from
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be out to do sth. 力求、希望做某事
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inconclusive evidence 非决定性的证据,不确定的证据
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paralysis by analysis 过度分析,直至无计可施
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promising start 充满希望的开端
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environmentally sound / damaging 对环境无害/有害的
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take the legislative initiative 采取法律行动
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offer financial incentives 提供财政激励
句型
Such behavior is regarded as "all to human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
这种行为被看作是“人之常情”,言下之意就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的不满意识。
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awake us to the growing threat of global warming.
如今令人不安的类似问题出现了,科学家一次又一次地试图唤醒我们关注全球变暖所带来的不断加剧的威胁。
9月20日
教训
TIPS 1:熟词新义,迷惑的指示代词
(2005 Text3 T31) Researchers have come to believe that dreams .
[A] can be modified in their courses ✔ (在过程中可以被改变)
TIPS 2:本末倒置 的迷惑项
(2005 Text3 T31) Researchers have come to believe that dreams .
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes ✘
分析:文中指梦可以调节情绪,选项中却说情绪影响梦。做题时一定不可以想当然,需正确分析句子结构和逻辑关系。
Text3 原文摘录
TIPS 3: “以次充好”,将次要说成主要,混淆视听。
(2005 Text3 T34) Cartwright seems to suggest that .
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams ✘
Text3 原文摘录
TIPS 4:前缀 counter - 译为 反对……的
TIPS 5:while 常用来做 强烈的对比
Text4 原文摘录
单词
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formulate vt. 规划;确切地阐述
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visualize vt. 在脑中使(某人或某物)形象化, 设想, 想像
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therapist n. 治疗专家
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degradation n. 下降
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conservative n. 保守的人 | adj. 保守的
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spontaneity n. 自发性
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elaborate vi. 详尽说明 | adj. 复杂的; 精心制作的
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craft n. 手艺,工艺 (辨析:draft n. 草稿)
词组
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be susceptible to 受……的影响
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exercise control over 对……施加影响
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public figure 公众人物
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grieve over 痛心于,为……感到悲伤
句型
And this process need not be left to the unconscious.
这一过程不必留到无意识之时。
In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.

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