前端奇奇怪怪的CSS样式
图形裁剪
/* 圆 半径大小 at 圆心的坐标位置(X Y) */
clip-path: circle(50% at 50% 50%);
/* 椭圆 半径大小(X Y) at 圆心的坐标位置(X Y)*/
clip-path: ellipse(25% 40% at 50% 50%);
/* 矩形 外边距 */
clip-path: inset(5% 20% 15% 10%);
/* 多边形 各个顶点的坐标位置*/
clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 50%, 50% 100%, 0% 50%);
clip-path: path('M 100 100 L 400 100 L 400 200 L 275 200 L 275 500 L 225 500 L 225 200 L 100 200 z');
边框文字
<fieldset>
一
<legend>二</legend>
</fieldset>
多背景图片拼贴
background-image: url(), url();
background-position: left top,right bottom;
background-repeat: repeat,no-repeat;
特殊符号
<!-- 大于号 & g t;小于号& l t;双引号& q u o t;版权& c o p y; -->
水平居中
margin: 0 auto;
垂直居中
vertical-align: middle;
文本居中
text-align: center;
水平居中和垂直居中（对子元素）
display: flex;
/* 主轴水平居中 */
align-items: center;
/* 主轴垂直居中 */
justify-content: center;
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
水平排列
display: inline-block;
使用inline-block相当于将元素介于块级元素与行内元素之间，将换行符转换成了空格，因此各个元素之间会有空隙
flaot:left;
各个元素没有间隙，且元素自身大小不会改变，若一行容不下，则会换行
水平排列（对子元素）
display: flex;
/* 沿垂直主轴上下水平排列 */
flex-direction: row;
一定会将定义了该属性的元素同一行，哪怕改变元素自身大小
圆角
border-radius: 15px;
重叠元素
position:absolute; z-index:5;
z-index只在position为relative或者absolute或者fixed时生效
阴影
box-shadow: 0 20px 20px 0 rgba(8, 182, 212, 0.822);
filter: drop-shadow(20px 20px 10px #000);
元素移动
transform: translate(10px,20px);//X+10px,Y+20px
position: relative; left: 10px; top: 20px;
这两种方法的区别在与%，translate的百分比大小是相对自身的大小，而使用relative的百分比则是相对父元素的大小
元素旋转
transform: rotate(180deg);
元素倾斜
transform: skew(3deg,30deg);
边框样式和颜色
border-style:dotted solid double dashed; border-color:#000;
样式：点状，实线，双线，虚线
动画
img {
animation: name 3s linear infinite;
animation-play-state: running;
}
@keyframes name {
from {
background-color:red;
}
to {
background-color:blue);
}
}
name是自定义的动画名称，后面可以跟动画持续时间，linear是匀速变化，infinite是重复播放动画
animation-play-state定义动画的状态可以是runnig或者paused
继承
width: inherit;
inherit可以继承父元素的属性
图片保持原有比例剪切
object-fit: cover;
图片保持原有比例缩放
object-fit: contain;
透明度
opacity:0.5;
作用于元素，字体等也会变得透明
background-color:rgba(255,0,0,0.5);
作用于背景 ，只有背景会变得透明，rgba为红绿蓝透明度
过渡延迟
div
{
width:100px;
height:100px;
background:red;
transition:width 2s;
}
div:hover
{
width:300px;
}
取消下划线
text-decoration: none;
取消列表样式
list-style: none;
媒体查询
@media screen and (max-width: 300px) {
body {
background-color:lightblue;
}
}
查看浏览器大小，当浏览器屏幕小于300px时改变颜色
@media (prefers-color-scheme:light) {
.father{
background-color: #fff;
color: #000;
}
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark) {
.father{
background-color: #000;
color: #fff;
}
}
根据浏览器默认主题改变颜色
计算元素的宽度
width: calc(100% - 100px);
渐变色
background-image: linear-gradient(to left, red, yellow, blue);
background-image: linear-gradient(30deg, red, yellow, blue);
径向渐变使用radial-gradient()
background: radial-gradient(circle at 50% 50%, transparent 10px,yellow 50%,transparent 100px);
锥形渐变
background: conic-gradient(from 45deg, white, black, white);
突变色
background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #ffbdbd 0%, #ffbdbd 50%, #c3ede5 50%, #c3ede5 100%);
改变选中文本的字体颜色
.content::selection{
background-color: #ff9900;
color: #fff;
}
首字放大
.content::first-letter{
font-size: 48px;
}
黑白滤镜
.content{
background-image: url(img/离人.jpg);
background-size: contain;
filter: grayscale(100%);
}
模糊滤镜
filter: blur(5px);
对该元素进行模糊
backdrop-filter: blur(5px);
对该元素背后的元素进行模糊
高度自适应
.container {
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;//vh为视窗高度的百分比，1vh代表视窗高度为1%
flex-direction:column;
}
content {
background: #bbbbbb;
flex: 1;
/* 1 代表盡可能最大，會自動填滿除了 header footer 以外的空間 */
}
自定义颜色
:root{
--bgColor:#66e6fe;
}
.container {
background: var(--bgColor);
}
悬浮窗
.box{
width: 100px;
height: 10vh;
top: 100px;
position: fixed;
background-color: #fff;
}
文字阴影与文字轮廓
text-shadow: 0px 0px #000;
-webkit-text-stroke: 0.3px #000;
让弹性盒元素在必要的时候拆行
display:flex; flex-wrap: wrap;
添加伪元素
.header .title .box::before {
content: "";
background-color: #ff4b1f;
width: 15px;
height: 15px;
position: relative;
top: 3px;
left: -7px;
display:inline-block;
}
使用伪类
/* 奇数行居中 */
.container .side tr:nth-of-type(odd){
text-align: center;
}
/* 偶数行 控制行距*/
.container .side tr:nth-of-type(even) td{
padding-top: 35px;
}
取消鼠标事件
pointer-events: none;
动感卡片
<script type="text/javascript" src="./vanilla-tilt.js"></script>
<script>
VanillaTilt.init(document.querySelectorAll(".card"),{
max:25,
speed:400
});
</script>
引入vanilla-tilt.js
var VanillaTilt = (function () {
'use strict';
/**
* Created by Sergiu Șandor (micku7zu) on 1/27/2017.
* Original idea: https://github.com/gijsroge/tilt.js
* MIT License.
* Version 1.7.2
*/
class VanillaTilt {
constructor(element, settings = {}) {
if (!(element instanceof Node)) {
throw ("Can't initialize VanillaTilt because " + element + " is not a Node.");
}
this.width = null;
this.height = null;
this.clientWidth = null;
this.clientHeight = null;
this.left = null;
this.top = null;
// for Gyroscope sampling
this.gammazero = null;
this.betazero = null;
this.lastgammazero = null;
this.lastbetazero = null;
this.transitionTimeout = null;
this.updateCall = null;
this.event = null;
this.updateBind = this.update.bind(this);
this.resetBind = this.reset.bind(this);
this.element = element;
this.settings = this.extendSettings(settings);
this.reverse = this.settings.reverse ? -1 : 1;
this.glare = VanillaTilt.isSettingTrue(this.settings.glare);
this.glarePrerender = VanillaTilt.isSettingTrue(this.settings["glare-prerender"]);
this.fullPageListening = VanillaTilt.isSettingTrue(this.settings["full-page-listening"]);
this.gyroscope = VanillaTilt.isSettingTrue(this.settings.gyroscope);
this.gyroscopeSamples = this.settings.gyroscopeSamples;
this.elementListener = this.getElementListener();
if (this.glare) {
this.prepareGlare();
}
if (this.fullPageListening) {
this.updateClientSize();
}
this.addEventListeners();
this.reset();
this.updateInitialPosition();
}
static isSettingTrue(setting) {
return setting === "" || setting === true || setting === 1;
}
/**
* Method returns element what will be listen mouse events
* @return {Node}
*/
getElementListener() {
if (this.fullPageListening) {
return window.document;
}
if (typeof this.settings["mouse-event-element"] === "string") {
const mouseEventElement = document.querySelector(this.settings["mouse-event-element"]);
if (mouseEventElement) {
return mouseEventElement;
}
}
if (this.settings["mouse-event-element"] instanceof Node) {
return this.settings["mouse-event-element"];
}
return this.element;
}
/**
* Method set listen methods for this.elementListener
* @return {Node}
*/
addEventListeners() {
this.onMouseEnterBind = this.onMouseEnter.bind(this);
this.onMouseMoveBind = this.onMouseMove.bind(this);
this.onMouseLeaveBind = this.onMouseLeave.bind(this);
this.onWindowResizeBind = this.onWindowResize.bind(this);
this.onDeviceOrientationBind = this.onDeviceOrientation.bind(this);
this.elementListener.addEventListener("mouseenter", this.onMouseEnterBind);
this.elementListener.addEventListener("mouseleave", this.onMouseLeaveBind);
this.elementListener.addEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMoveBind);
if (this.glare || this.fullPageListening) {
window.addEventListener("resize", this.onWindowResizeBind);
}
if (this.gyroscope) {
window.addEventListener("deviceorientation", this.onDeviceOrientationBind);
}
}
/**
* Method remove event listeners from current this.elementListener
*/
removeEventListeners() {
this.elementListener.removeEventListener("mouseenter", this.onMouseEnterBind);
this.elementListener.removeEventListener("mouseleave", this.onMouseLeaveBind);
this.elementListener.removeEventListener("mousemove", this.onMouseMoveBind);
if (this.gyroscope) {
window.removeEventListener("deviceorientation", this.onDeviceOrientationBind);
}
if (this.glare || this.fullPageListening) {
window.removeEventListener("resize", this.onWindowResizeBind);
}
}
destroy() {
clearTimeout(this.transitionTimeout);
if (this.updateCall !== null) {
cancelAnimationFrame(this.updateCall);
}
this.reset();
this.removeEventListeners();
this.element.vanillaTilt = null;
delete this.element.vanillaTilt;
this.element = null;
}
onDeviceOrientation(event) {
if (event.gamma === null || event.beta === null) {
return;
}
this.updateElementPosition();
if (this.gyroscopeSamples > 0) {
this.lastgammazero = this.gammazero;
this.lastbetazero = this.betazero;
if (this.gammazero === null) {
this.gammazero = event.gamma;
this.betazero = event.beta;
} else {
this.gammazero = (event.gamma + this.lastgammazero) / 2;
this.betazero = (event.beta + this.lastbetazero) / 2;
}
this.gyroscopeSamples -= 1;
}
const totalAngleX = this.settings.gyroscopeMaxAngleX - this.settings.gyroscopeMinAngleX;
const totalAngleY = this.settings.gyroscopeMaxAngleY - this.settings.gyroscopeMinAngleY;
const degreesPerPixelX = totalAngleX / this.width;
const degreesPerPixelY = totalAngleY / this.height;
const angleX = event.gamma - (this.settings.gyroscopeMinAngleX + this.gammazero);
const angleY = event.beta - (this.settings.gyroscopeMinAngleY + this.betazero);
const posX = angleX / degreesPerPixelX;
const posY = angleY / degreesPerPixelY;
if (this.updateCall !== null) {
cancelAnimationFrame(this.updateCall);
}
this.event = {
clientX: posX + this.left,
clientY: posY + this.top,
};
this.updateCall = requestAnimationFrame(this.updateBind);
}
onMouseEnter() {
this.updateElementPosition();
this.element.style.willChange = "transform";
this.setTransition();
}
onMouseMove(event) {
if (this.updateCall !== null) {
cancelAnimationFrame(this.updateCall);
}
this.event = event;
this.updateCall = requestAnimationFrame(this.updateBind);
}
onMouseLeave() {
this.setTransition();
if (this.settings.reset) {
requestAnimationFrame(this.resetBind);
}
}
reset() {
this.event = {
clientX: this.left + this.width / 2,
clientY: this.top + this.height / 2
};
if (this.element && this.element.style) {
this.element.style.transform = `perspective(${this.settings.perspective}px) ` +
`rotateX(0deg) ` +
`rotateY(0deg) ` +
`scale3d(1, 1, 1)`;
}
this.resetGlare();
}
resetGlare() {
if (this.glare) {
this.glareElement.style.transform = "rotate(180deg) translate(-50%, -50%)";
this.glareElement.style.opacity = "0";
}
}
updateInitialPosition() {
if (this.settings.startX === 0 && this.settings.startY === 0) {
return;
}
this.onMouseEnter();
if (this.fullPageListening) {
this.event = {
clientX: (this.settings.startX + this.settings.max) / (2 * this.settings.max) * this.clientWidth,
clientY: (this.settings.startY + this.settings.max) / (2 * this.settings.max) * this.clientHeight
};
} else {
this.event = {
clientX: this.left + ((this.settings.startX + this.settings.max) / (2 * this.settings.max) * this.width),
clientY: this.top + ((this.settings.startY + this.settings.max) / (2 * this.settings.max) * this.height)
};
}
let backupScale = this.settings.scale;
this.settings.scale = 1;
this.update();
this.settings.scale = backupScale;
this.resetGlare();
}
getValues() {
let x, y;
if (this.fullPageListening) {
x = this.event.clientX / this.clientWidth;
y = this.event.clientY / this.clientHeight;
} else {
x = (this.event.clientX - this.left) / this.width;
y = (this.event.clientY - this.top) / this.height;
}
x = Math.min(Math.max(x, 0), 1);
y = Math.min(Math.max(y, 0), 1);
let tiltX = (this.reverse * (this.settings.max - x * this.settings.max * 2)).toFixed(2);
let tiltY = (this.reverse * (y * this.settings.max * 2 - this.settings.max)).toFixed(2);
let angle = Math.atan2(this.event.clientX - (this.left + this.width / 2), -(this.event.clientY - (this.top + this.height / 2))) * (180 / Math.PI);
return {
tiltX: tiltX,
tiltY: tiltY,
percentageX: x * 100,
percentageY: y * 100,
angle: angle
};
}
updateElementPosition() {
let rect = this.element.getBoundingClientRect();
this.width = this.element.offsetWidth;
this.height = this.element.offsetHeight;
this.left = rect.left;
this.top = rect.top;
}
update() {
let values = this.getValues();
this.element.style.transform = "perspective(" + this.settings.perspective + "px) " +
"rotateX(" + (this.settings.axis === "x" ? 0 : values.tiltY) + "deg) " +
"rotateY(" + (this.settings.axis === "y" ? 0 : values.tiltX) + "deg) " +
"scale3d(" + this.settings.scale + ", " + this.settings.scale + ", " + this.settings.scale + ")";
if (this.glare) {
this.glareElement.style.transform = `rotate(${values.angle}deg) translate(-50%, -50%)`;
this.glareElement.style.opacity = `${values.percentageY * this.settings["max-glare"] / 100}`;
}
this.element.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("tiltChange", {
"detail": values
}));
this.updateCall = null;
}
/**
* Appends the glare element (if glarePrerender equals false)
* and sets the default style
*/
prepareGlare() {
// If option pre-render is enabled we assume all html/css is present for an optimal glare effect.
if (!this.glarePrerender) {
// Create glare element
const jsTiltGlare = document.createElement("div");
jsTiltGlare.classList.add("js-tilt-glare");
const jsTiltGlareInner = document.createElement("div");
jsTiltGlareInner.classList.add("js-tilt-glare-inner");
jsTiltGlare.appendChild(jsTiltGlareInner);
this.element.appendChild(jsTiltGlare);
}
this.glareElementWrapper = this.element.querySelector(".js-tilt-glare");
this.glareElement = this.element.querySelector(".js-tilt-glare-inner");
if (this.glarePrerender) {
return;
}
Object.assign(this.glareElementWrapper.style, {
"position": "absolute",
"top": "0",
"left": "0",
"width": "100%",
"height": "100%",
"overflow": "hidden",
"pointer-events": "none"
});
Object.assign(this.glareElement.style, {
"position": "absolute",
"top": "50%",
"left": "50%",
"pointer-events": "none",
"background-image": `linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%)`,
"transform": "rotate(180deg) translate(-50%, -50%)",
"transform-origin": "0% 0%",
"opacity": "0",
});
this.updateGlareSize();
}
updateGlareSize() {
if (this.glare) {
const glareSize = (this.element.offsetWidth > this.element.offsetHeight ? this.element.offsetWidth : this.element.offsetHeight) * 2;
Object.assign(this.glareElement.style, {
"width": `${glareSize}px`,
"height": `${glareSize}px`,
});
}
}
updateClientSize() {
this.clientWidth = window.innerWidth
|| document.documentElement.clientWidth
|| document.body.clientWidth;
this.clientHeight = window.innerHeight
|| document.documentElement.clientHeight
|| document.body.clientHeight;
}
onWindowResize() {
this.updateGlareSize();
this.updateClientSize();
}
setTransition() {
clearTimeout(this.transitionTimeout);
this.element.style.transition = this.settings.speed + "ms " + this.settings.easing;
if (this.glare) this.glareElement.style.transition = `opacity ${this.settings.speed}ms ${this.settings.easing}`;
this.transitionTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
this.element.style.transition = "";
if (this.glare) {
this.glareElement.style.transition = "";
}
}, this.settings.speed);
}
/**
* Method return patched settings of instance
* @param {boolean} settings.reverse - reverse the tilt direction
* @param {number} settings.max - max tilt rotation (degrees)
* @param {startX} settings.startX - the starting tilt on the X axis, in degrees. Default: 0
* @param {startY} settings.startY - the starting tilt on the Y axis, in degrees. Default: 0
* @param {number} settings.perspective - Transform perspective, the lower the more extreme the tilt gets
* @param {string} settings.easing - Easing on enter/exit
* @param {number} settings.scale - 2 = 200%, 1.5 = 150%, etc..
* @param {number} settings.speed - Speed of the enter/exit transition
* @param {boolean} settings.transition - Set a transition on enter/exit
* @param {string|null} settings.axis - What axis should be disabled. Can be X or Y
* @param {boolean} settings.glare - What axis should be disabled. Can be X or Y
* @param {number} settings.max-glare - the maximum "glare" opacity (1 = 100%, 0.5 = 50%)
* @param {boolean} settings.glare-prerender - false = VanillaTilt creates the glare elements for you, otherwise
* @param {boolean} settings.full-page-listening - If true, parallax effect will listen to mouse move events on the whole document, not only the selected element
* @param {string|object} settings.mouse-event-element - String selector or link to HTML-element what will be listen mouse events
* @param {boolean} settings.reset - false = If the tilt effect has to be reset on exit
* @param {gyroscope} settings.gyroscope - Enable tilting by deviceorientation events
* @param {gyroscopeSensitivity} settings.gyroscopeSensitivity - Between 0 and 1 - The angle at which max tilt position is reached. 1 = 90deg, 0.5 = 45deg, etc..
* @param {gyroscopeSamples} settings.gyroscopeSamples - How many gyroscope moves to decide the starting position.
*/
extendSettings(settings) {
let defaultSettings = {
reverse: false,
max: 15,
startX: 0,
startY: 0,
perspective: 1000,
easing: "cubic-bezier(.03,.98,.52,.99)",
scale: 1,
speed: 300,
transition: true,
axis: null,
glare: false,
"max-glare": 1,
"glare-prerender": false,
"full-page-listening": false,
"mouse-event-element": null,
reset: true,
gyroscope: true,
gyroscopeMinAngleX: -45,
gyroscopeMaxAngleX: 45,
gyroscopeMinAngleY: -45,
gyroscopeMaxAngleY: 45,
gyroscopeSamples: 10
};
let newSettings = {};
for (var property in defaultSettings) {
if (property in settings) {
newSettings[property] = settings[property];
} else if (this.element.hasAttribute("data-tilt-" + property)) {
let attribute = this.element.getAttribute("data-tilt-" + property);
try {
newSettings[property] = JSON.parse(attribute);
} catch (e) {
newSettings[property] = attribute;
}
} else {
newSettings[property] = defaultSettings[property];
}
}
return newSettings;
}
static init(elements, settings) {
if (elements instanceof Node) {
elements = [elements];
}
if (elements instanceof NodeList) {
elements = [].slice.call(elements);
}
if (!(elements instanceof Array)) {
return;
}
elements.forEach((element) => {
if (!("vanillaTilt" in element)) {
element.vanillaTilt = new VanillaTilt(element, settings);
}
});
}
}
if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
/* expose the class to window */
window.VanillaTilt = VanillaTilt;
/**
* Auto load
*/
VanillaTilt.init(document.querySelectorAll("[data-tilt]"));
}
return VanillaTilt;
}());
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