SpringBoot自动装配

需要了解如下问题

自动装配解决了那些问题

SpringBoot是spring的一个快速整合的开发工具包。我们使用SpringBoot很快创建一个项目。无需像Spring那样繁琐的配置。只需要引入不同的使用场景的starter就能完成自己功能的开发。
例如如果要使用Web模块，那么就只需要引入web相关的starter就好了。
IDEA使用Spring初始化器创建项目
创建出来的springboot项目中pom.xml的dependences如下

   <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
```xml
### 自动装配是如何完成的
解读spring boot 的启动中的自动装配过程：
使用的是redis来复原SpringBoot启动装配过程：
```java
ConfigurationClassParser :
    protected void processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass, Predicate<String> filter) throws IOException {
        if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION)) {
            return;
        }
        ConfigurationClass existingClass = this.configurationClasses.get(configClass);
        if (existingClass != null) {
            if (configClass.isImported()) {
                if (existingClass.isImported()) {
                    existingClass.mergeImportedBy(configClass);
                }
                // Otherwise ignore new imported config class; existing non-imported class overrides it.
                return;
            }
            else {
                // Explicit bean definition found, probably replacing an import.
                // Let's remove the old one and go with the new one.
                this.configurationClasses.remove(configClass);
                this.knownSuperclasses.values().removeIf(configClass::equals);
            }
        }
        // Recursively process the configuration class and its superclass hierarchy.
        //递归处理类上的注解，其中有有一个import的注解
        SourceClass sourceClass = asSourceClass(configClass, filter);
        do {
            sourceClass = doProcessConfigurationClass(configClass, sourceClass, filter);
        }
        while (sourceClass != null);
        this.configurationClasses.put(configClass, configClass);
    }

Application上面的注解：
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
}

其中@EnableAutoConfiguration注解用来启用自动配置：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
}

会Import一个自动配置导入选择器：AutoConfigurationImportSelector
其中关键的代码：

        @Override
        public void process(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, DeferredImportSelector deferredImportSelector) {
            Assert.state(deferredImportSelector instanceof AutoConfigurationImportSelector,
                    () -> String.format("Only %s implementations are supported, got %s",
                            AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class.getSimpleName(),
                            deferredImportSelector.getClass().getName()));
            AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = ((AutoConfigurationImportSelector) deferredImportSelector)
                    .getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata); //将spring.factories里面的配置读出来
            this.autoConfigurationEntries.add(autoConfigurationEntry);
            for (String importClassName : autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()) {
                this.entries.putIfAbsent(importClassName, annotationMetadata);
            }
        }
        @Override
        public Iterable<Entry> selectImports() {
            if (this.autoConfigurationEntries.isEmpty()) {
                return Collections.emptyList();
            }
            Set<String> allExclusions = this.autoConfigurationEntries.stream()
                    .map(AutoConfigurationEntry::getExclusions).flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toSet());
            Set<String> processedConfigurations = this.autoConfigurationEntries.stream()
                    .map(AutoConfigurationEntry::getConfigurations).flatMap(Collection::stream)
                    .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedHashSet::new));
            processedConfigurations.removeAll(allExclusions);
            return sortAutoConfigurations(processedConfigurations, getAutoConfigurationMetadata()).stream()
                    .map((importClassName) -> new Entry(this.entries.get(importClassName), importClassName))
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
        }

另外并不是所有写在spring.factories里面的文件都会被装配进来，其中有spring强大的条件计算器来去做这件事情。

如何写一个starter

写代码。包括configuration和condition类
写spring.factories
外部引入这个starter