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客户端xmlhttp调用webservice
 

Truly
2005-08-17

  • 下载本文的源码(C#) - 25k
  • 下载本文的源码(VB) - 25k

    摘要

    很多时候大家需要使用xmlhttp来实现无刷新的从服务器获取数据，本文以实例代码来介绍本在客户端对WebService的调用

    主要分为3种类型

  • 通过SOAP对WebService进行调用
  • 通过HTTP POST对WebService进行调用
  • 借助MS的webservice.htc简化调用

    注：本文代码均以C#代码作为基础，对于使用VB代码的需要注意WebService的命名空间，详细请看下载链接中源码

    SOAP对WebService进行调用

    <SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
// Client invoke WebService use SOAP request and response
function GetHelloWorld_SOAP(i) 
{
    var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    var soapMessage, soapData, URL;
    // Set the soap message
    soapMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>"; 
    soapMessage += "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""
    + " xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">";
    soapMessage += "<soap:Body>"; 
    // Set the data for soap body ---- begin ------
    soapData = "<HelloWorld xmlns=\"http://tempuri.org/\">";
    soapData += "    <i>" + i + "</i>";
    soapData += "</HelloWorld>";
    // Set the data for soap body ----  end  ------
    soapMessage = soapMessage + soapData + "</soap:Body>"; 
    soapMessage = soapMessage + "</soap:Envelope>"; 
    URL = "Service1.asmx"; //可以使用相对地址或完整URL
    xmlhttp.Open("POST",URL, false); 
    xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8"); 
    xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld");
    xmlhttp.send(soapMessage); 
    alert(soapMessage)
    var x =   xmlhttp.responseXML;
    alert(x.childNodes[1].text);
    //那么如何知道是否调用成功呢，状态为200说明调用成功，500则说明出错
    alert(xmlhttp.Status);
    alert(xmlhttp.StatusText);
}
</SCRIPT>
    JavaScript vbscript  

    通过HTTP POST对WebService进行调用

    <SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
// Client invoke WebService use HTTP POST request and response
function GetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST(i) 
{
    var URL = "http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld";
    var Params = "i=" + i;// Set postback parameters
    var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    xmlhttp.Open("POST",URL, false); 
    xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
    xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Length",Params.length);
    xmlhttp.send(Params); 
    var x =   xmlhttp.responseXML;
    alert(x.childNodes[1].text);
    //那么如何知道是否调用成功呢，状态为200说明调用成功，500则说明出错
    alert(xmlhttp.Status);
    alert(xmlhttp.StatusText);
}
</SCRIPT>
    JavaScript vbscript  

    借助MS的webservice.htc简化调用

    webservice.htc是MS提供的一个对webservie常用方法的封装，可以从ms官方网站下载，安装iewebcontrols时也会安装到你的网站根目录下，使用时需要注意路径。请注意代码中body的属性设置，更多对WebService.htc的介绍，点击这里。 

    <SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
function Init()
{
    // establishes a friendly name for a Web service URL
    wsCaller.useService("http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx?WSDL","HW");
}
function callWS(i)
{
    wsCaller.HW.callService(Handler_HW, "HelloWorld", i);
}
function Handler_HW(result)
{
    // if there is an error, and the call came from the call() in init()
    if(result.error)
    {
        // Pull the error information from the event.result.errorDetail properties
        var xfaultcode   = result.errorDetail.code;
        var xfaultstring = result.errorDetail.string;
        var xfaultsoap   = result.errorDetail.raw;
        // Add code to handle specific error codes here
    }
    // if there was no error
    else
    {
        document.all.Text1.value = result.value;
    }
}
</SCRIPT>

<BODY id="wsCaller" onload="Init()" style="BEHAVIOR:url(webservice.htc)">
<INPUT type="text" id="Text1" name="Text1">
<INPUT onclick="callWS(1)" type="button" value="Invoke" id="Button1" name="Button1">
     

    Web Service 的完整代码(C#, Service1.asmx.cs)

    using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
namespace WSInvoke
{
    /// <SUMMARY>
    /// Summary description for Service1.
    /// </SUMMARY>
    public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
    {
        public Service1()
        {
            //CODEGEN: This call is required by the ASP.NET Web Services Designer
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        #region Component Designer generated code
        //Required by the Web Services Designer 
        private IContainer components = null;
        /// <SUMMARY>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </SUMMARY>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
        }
        /// <SUMMARY>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </SUMMARY>
        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
        {
            if(disposing && components != null)
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);  
        }
        #endregion
        // WEB SERVICE EXAMPLE
        // The HelloWorld() example service returns the string Hello World
        // To build, uncomment the following lines then save and build the project
        // To test this web service, press F5
        [WebMethod]
        public string HelloWorld(int i)
        {
            return "Hello World" + i;
        }
    }
}
     

    测试所用的html页面(Invoke.html)

    <HTML>
 <BODY>
  <INPUT type="button" value="SOAP" onclick="GetHelloWorld_SOAP('1')" id="Button1" name="Button1">
  <INPUT type="button" value="HTTPPOST" onclick="GetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST('2')" id="Button2" name="Button2">
  <INPUT type="button" value="异常测试" onclick="GetHelloWorld_SOAP('')" id="Button3" name="Button3"><BR><BR>
  <INPUT type="button" value="vbSOAP" onclick="vbGetHelloWorld_SOAP('3')" id="Button4" name="Button4">
  <INPUT type="button" value="vbHTTPPOST" onclick="vbGetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST('4')" id="Button5" name="Button5">
 </BODY>
</HTML>
     
    很晚了，先把代码贴上。有空的时候把异步操作再仔细分析一下 :B

    附表1（IXMLHTTPRequest - 属性）

    Name Type Description
    onreadystatechange N/A 指定当就绪状态发生改变时调用的事件处理函数，仅用于异步操作
    readyState Long 异步操作的状态：未初始化(0)，正在加载(1)，已加载(2)，交互(3)，已完成(4)
    responseBody Variant 将响应信息正文作为unsigned byte数组返回
    responseStream Variant 将响应信息正文作为一个ADO Stream对象返回
    responseText String 将响应信息正文作为一个文本字符串返回
    responseXML Object 通过XMLDom将响应信息正文解析为XMLDocument对象
    status Long 服务器返回的HTTP状态码
    statusText String 服务器HTTP响应行状态

    附表2（IXMLHTTPRequest - 方法）

    Name Desciption
    abort 取消当前 HTTP 请求
    getAllResponseHeaders 从响应信息中检索所有的标头字段
    getResponseHeader 从响应信息正文中获得一个 HTTP 标头值
    open(method, url, boolAsync, bstrUser, bstrPassword) 打开一个与 HTTP 服务器的连接
    send(varBody) 设定一个请求的标头字段
    setRequestHeader(bstrHeader, bstrValue) 向 HTTP 服务器发送请求。可包含正文。
    • posted on 2006-01-06 09:03  zacard  阅读(446)  评论(0)    收藏  举报

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