linux command I have used

Using Arch

　　　

　　cd -　　//cd to the former directory

　　ls -lh　　//there are the size of each file( not include the file in dir, so the dir is very small), and 'h' is used to convert it into format that easy to recognize

　　du -sh <dir>　　//check the size of dir. Without '-sh', you will get the content of the dir as well as the size of it.

　　acpi -i　　//Check the battery state. The files can be found in /sys/class/power_supply/BAT1/

　　makepkg -s　　//package files which contains a .pkgbuild file to a package, .pkg.tar.xz. To install .pkg.tar.xz, type:

　　pacman -U xxx.pkg.tar.xz　　//this will install at the same time as checking dependences and try to install them automaticly

　　usermod -a -G vboxusers hebi　　//

　　alsamixer　　//configure alsa, which determin the sound output

　　pacman -U /home/user/ceofhack-0.6-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.gz　　//Install ceofhack-0.6-1-x86_64 package from a local file.

　　pacman -Ss xxx　　//Search for regexp "xxx" in package database

　　pacman -Syu　　//update packages

　　pacman -S xxx　　//install by pacman

　　df -h　　//show memory state in M or G, instead of K

　　mount -a　　//remount the disk in /etc/fstab

　　lsblk　　//check disks and its mount place, it can also be used as "lsblk /dev/sda"

　　dhcpcd　　//start dhcp service, it must be active to use wired network. Sometimes it should be "dhcpcd wlan0" for wifi. See another blog for detail.

　　su -c "<command>" root　　//command as root

　　sudo　　//need to be installed　　//the command to config it: "export SUDO_USER=hebi", and the file /etc/sudousr must be modefied, since there is root ALL(ALL) ALL, there shuold be also hebi ALL(ALL) ALL

　　pkill x　　//do in tty2 can kill the job X in tty1

　　lspci　　//list pci device, often used as: "lspci | grep -i net"

　　lsusb　　//list usb device

　　lsblk　　//list blocks

 

 

Using Ubuntu

　sudo fdisk -l　　//there must be sudo, or will show nothing. mmc/sd is not sdx, but mmcblk0
　　cdrecord -scanbus　　//scan device
　　cdrecord -v -eject speed=2 dev=2,0,0 xxx.iso　　//speed=2 means 2x, which is about 2mbps, dev is what I get in -scanbus. 
UNTARS
　　tar zxvf xxx.tar.gz
　　tar zcvf xxx.tar.gz <dictyionary>　　//tar it, it can be ./Document/*.txt
　　gunzip *.gz
　　tar jxvf xxx.tar.bz2
　　7za x xxx.7z　　//use x to extract to a dirction called xxx, but use e means to extract here

PACKAGE INSTALL
　　dpkg -L xxx　　//check install position.

　　whereis <command>
　　sudo rmmod psmouse　　//forbid touch tablet
　　sudo modprobe psmouse　　//start touch tablet
　　sudo su　　//as root
SESSIONS AND JOBS
　　setsid commands　　//start a new session
　　ps -ef　　//check all sessions
　　kill <pid>　　//kill session by pid
　　commands &　　//run background
　　jobs　　//check jobs in this terminal(session)
　　kill %n　　//kill the number n jobs( 1, 2, ...)

　　source <filename>　　//let the file to be active now without necessary to reboot. e.g. source ~/.bashrc
　　uname -ra　　//check system information
　　
　　unzip -0 CP936 xxx.zip　　//this command is used for the messy code when double click .zip file to unzip it when its title is Chinese. CP936 may also be GBK or GB18030. The name is right, but the context is messy yet.
ABOUT FIND
　　unrar e <file>　　//also use for the messy code
　　find ./ -name xxx　　　　//search ./ and its children dir for the file or dictionary whose fullname is xxx
　　find -maxdepth 1 -name "abc*"　　//search current path for the regular expression named "abc*" with depth 1

　　sudo apt-get update    //update the apt-get list
　　sudo apt-get upgrade　　//update all the updates
　　sudo apt-get remove wine*　　//remove the apts. Be careful! When I use this to uninstall wine, I find it also remove lots of softwares including ibus, virtualbox, kconsole, kfmclient and so on, which I really DO NOT want to lose. Fortunatly, I didn't use the following command:
　　sudo apt-get remove --purge wine*　　//remove the configure of the apts at the same time. Since I donot use this para, when I reinstall vbox, I find all my data was just there.
　　date　　//current time and date
　　cal　　//calendar