一.json.hpp库下载及安装
1.1 开源地址及引入方法
nlohmann json的开源项目地址,其中有对json使用方法的详细说明:
https://github.com/nlohmann/json#serialization–deserialization
对于我们项目中要使用nlohmann json工具,只需要引入json.hpp这一个文件,其中包含所有接口函数,正如其文档中所述json.hpp文件在single_include/nlohmann目录下,我们只需要下载该文件即可:
git clone https://github.com/nlohmann/json/blob/develop/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp

如上图片所示,使用json.hpp文件需要关注两点:
一是:#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>头文件路径的引入,这里将json.hpp文件放到linux系统中的/usr/local/include路径下,这是系统默认头文件路径,在编译时系统会自动查找该路径。我们在/usr/local/include路径下创建/nlohmann/json.hpp,如下图所示:

二是:在编译时需要指定c++11标准,-std=c++11。
1.2 demo程序测试
jsontest.cpp:
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#include <iostream>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;// for convenienceusing json = nlohmann::json;int main() {  auto config_json = json::parse(R"({"happy": true, "pi": 3.141})");  //构建json对象  cout << config_json << endl;   //输出json对象值  return 0;} | 
编译:
g++ jsontest.cpp -std=c++11
输出结果:
{“happy”:true,“pi”:3.141}
二.nlohmann json基本操作
2.1 由basic value创建json
两种方式创建json对象:赋值构造+直接构造
jsontest.cpp:
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#include <iostream>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;    // for convenience int main() {  //方式一:赋值构造  json j1;  j1["name"]="LeBorn Jame";//字符串    j1["number"]=23;         //整数  j1["man"]=true;          //布尔值  j1["children"]={"LeBorn Jr","Bryce Maximus","Zhuri"};//数组  j1["behavior"]["funny"]="gigigigigigi";              //对象中元素值  j1["wife"]={{"name","Savannah Brinson"},{"man",false}};//对象     //方式二:直接构造  json j2={    {"name","LeBorn Jame"},    {"number",23},    {"man",true},    {"children",{"LeBorn Jr","Bryce Maximus","Zhuri"}},    {"behavior",{{"funny","gigigigigigi"}}},    {"wife",{{"name","Savannah Brinson"},{"man",false}}}  };  cout << "j1: "<<j1 << endl;   //输出json对象值  cout <<  "j2: "<<j2 << endl;   //输出json对象值  return 0;} | 
编译:
g++ jsontest.cpp -std=c++11
输出结果:
j1: {“behavior”:{“funny”:“gigigigigigi”},“children”:[“LeBorn Jr”,“Bryce Maximus”,“Zhuri”],“man”:true,“name”:“LeBorn Jame”,“number”:23,“wife”:{“man”:false,“name”:“Savannah Brinson”}}
j2: {“behavior”:{“funny”:“gigigigigigi”},“children”:[“LeBorn Jr”,“Bryce Maximus”,“Zhuri”],“man”:true,“name”:“LeBorn Jame”,“number”:23,“wife”:{“man”:false,“name”:“Savannah Brinson”}}
2.2 由json对象得到basic value
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#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;    // for convenience int main() {  //构建一个json对象hututu  json hututu = {      {"name","hututu"},      {"age",18},      {"gender",'m'},      {"score",88.99},      {"location",{"aaa","bbb","ccc"}},  };  //方式一  auto name = hututu["name"].get<std::string>();  //获取“name”对应的value值,并转为string类型  cout<<"name = "<<name<<endl;  cout<<"type name = "<<typeid(name).name()<<endl;  cout<<"----------------------"<<endl;  //方式二  auto location0 = hututu["location"][0].get<std::string>();  auto location1 = hututu["location"][1].get<std::string>();  auto location2 = hututu["location"].at(2).get<std::string>();  cout<<"location0 = "<<location0<<endl;  cout<<"location1 = "<<location1<<endl;  cout<<"location2 = "<<location2<<endl;  return 0;} | 
输出结果:
name = hututu
type name = Ss
location0 = aaa
location1 = bbb
location2 = ccc
2.3 像操作stl container一样操作json value
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#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;    // for convenience int main() {  //构建一个json对象animalArray  json animalArray={"cat","dog"};//定义一个数组类型的json对象  animalArray.push_back("pig");//添加元素  animalArray.emplace_back("duck");//C++11新方式添加元素,减少申请内存  cout<<"animalArray: "<<animalArray<<endl;  //使用is_array()函数判断对象类型,使用empty函数判断数量是否为空  if(animalArray.is_array() && !animalArray.empty())  {      auto size=animalArray.size();          //使用size函数获取元素数量      cout<<"animalArray size: "<<size<<endl;      auto animalLast=animalArray.at(size-1).get<std::string>();      cout<<"animalArray[size-1]: "<<animalLast<<endl;      cout<<"/--------------------/"<<endl;  }  json animalObject={{"kind","dog"},{"height",50}};//定义一个对象类型的json对象  animalObject.push_back({"color","red"});//插入元素  animalObject.erase("kind");//删除键值  cout<<"animalObject: "<<animalObject<<endl;  animalObject["height"] = 99;   //通过key修改value值  //判断是否含有某个键值方式一  if(animalObject.contains("height"))//通过contains函数判断是否包含某个key  {      auto height=animalObject["height"].get<double>();      cout<<"方式一:height: "<<height<<endl;  }  //判断是否含有某个键值方式二  auto size=animalObject.count("height");//通过count函数计算某一个键的数量  if(size>0)  {      cout<<"方式二:存在height键值"<<endl;  }  //判断是否含有某个键值方式三  auto iter=animalObject.find("height");//通过find函数查找某个键的迭代器  if(iter!=animalObject.end())  {      cout<<"方式三:存在height键值"<<endl;  }  //遍历输出键值方式1  cout<<"遍历输出键值方式1:"<<endl;  for(auto item:animalObject.items())  {      std::cout<<item.key()<<" "<<item.value()<<std::endl;  }  //遍历输出键值方式2  cout<<"遍历输出键值方式2:"<<endl;  for(auto iter=animalObject.begin();iter!=animalObject.end();++iter)  {      cout<<iter.key()<<" "<<iter.value()<<std::endl;  }  return 0;} | 
输出结果:
animalArray: [“cat”,“dog”,“pig”,“duck”]
animalArray size: 4
animalArray[size-1]: duck
/--------------------/
animalObject: {“color”:“red”,“height”:50}
方式一:height: 99
方式二:存在height键值
方式三:存在height键值
遍历输出键值方式1:
color “red”
height 99
遍历输出键值方式2:
color “red”
height 99
三.json序列化与反序列化
3.1 json value和string
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#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;    // for convenience int main() {  //反序列化构建json对象,两种方式  json hututu1 = "{\"name\":\"hututu\",\"age\":18,\"score\":88.99}"_json;//方式1,通过"_json"实现反序列化  auto temp = R"({"name":"hututu","age":18,"score":88.99})";//使用原生字符串关键字R来避免转移字符,但这一句并没有序列化,hututu2只保存字符串而已,需要结合方式3实现反序列化  json hututu2 = json::parse(temp);//方式2,通过静态函数"parse"实现反序列化  cout<<"/----------反序列化-----------/"<<endl;  cout<<"hututu1 = "<<hututu1<<endl;  cout<<"hututu2 = "<<hututu2<<endl;  cout<<"/----------序列化-----------/"<<endl;  //序列化(Serialization):dump(number),number为打印出的空格数  std::string hututu1_string=hututu1.dump();//animal1值为{"kind":"dog","height":50}  std::string hututu2_string=hututu2.dump(4);  cout<<"hututu1_string = "<<hututu1_string<<endl;  cout<<"hututu2_string = "<<hututu2_string<<endl;     return 0;} | 
输出结果:
/----------反序列化-----------/
hututu1 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
hututu2 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------序列化-----------/
hututu1_string = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
hututu2_string = {
“age”: 18,
“name”: “hututu”,
“score”: 88.99
}
3.2 json对象和文件输入输出转换
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#include <iostream>        //文件操作头文件#include <string>#include <fstream>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;    // for convenience int main() {  //上述操作适用于istream和ostream的子类,比如我们经常会用到的ifstream和ofstream  //从.json文件中读取内容到json对象中  std::ifstream in("./person.json");//打开文件,关联到流in  json hututu={"111","222"};      //定义一个json对象为hututu,有初始内容,但是会被覆盖  in>>hututu;                     //从流in中(也就是./person.json文件)读取内容到json对象中,会覆盖之前内容  in.close();                     //关闭文件流in  hututu["aaa"]="bbb";             //添加json对象内容  cout << hututu << endl;   //输出json对象值  //输出json对象内容到文件中,并生成新的文件  std::ofstream out("./new.json");    //创建文件./new.json,并关联到流out  hututu["name"]="new name";          //更改hututu对象的内容  out<<std::setw(4)<<hututu;          //输出json对象hututu信息到文件./new.json中,std::setw(4)用于设置增加打印空格  out.close();         //关闭文件流out  return 0;} | 
./person.json文件内容
{
“name”:“hututu”,
“age”:18,
“gender”:“m”,
“score”:88.99
}
执行程序后,输出的json对象内容如下,也就是从./person.json文件中读取的信息:
{“aaa”:“bbb”,“age”:18,“gender”:“m”,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
同时在当前目录下生成新的文件./new.json,内容如下所示:
{
“aaa”: “bbb”,
“age”: 18,
“gender”: “m”,
“name”: “new name”,
“score”: 88.99
}
3.3 json value和自定义对象
在自定义对象命名空间中定义两个函数即可像basic value一样进行反序列化和序列化:from_json(const json& j,T& value)、to_json(json& j,const T& value)
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#include <iostream>        //文件操作头文件#include <string>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;class person{    public:        person(){}       //默认构造函数        person(string m_name,int m_age,double m_score):name(m_name),age(m_age),score(m_score){};    public:      string name;      int age;      double score;    void display()    {      cout<<"person name = "<<this->name<<endl;      cout<<"person age = "<<this->age<<endl;      cout<<"person score = "<<this->score<<endl;    }};//定义from_json(const json& j,T& value)函数,用于序列化//json对象----->class对象void from_json(const json& j,person& hututu){    hututu.name=j["name"].get<std::string>();    hututu.age=j["age"].get<int>();    hututu.score=j["score"].get<double>();}//定义to_json(json& j,const T& value)函数,用于反序列化//class对象----->json对象void to_json(json& j,const person& hututu){    j["name"]=hututu.name;    j["age"]=hututu.age;    j["score"]=hututu.score;}// void to_json(json& j, const person& p) // {//  j = json{ {"name", p.name}, {"address", p.address}, {"age", p.age} };// }  // void from_json(const json& j, person& p) {//  j.at("name").get_to(p.name);//  j.at("address").get_to(p.address);//  j.at("age").get_to(p.age);// }//main.cpp文件int main(){    person hututu{"hututu",18,88.99};//定义一个person对象为hututu    cout<<"/----------to json,方式1:json=class隐式转换-----------/"<<endl;    json j1=hututu;                //class to json,隐式调用to_json函数     cout<<"j1 = "<<j1<<endl;       //输出json对象值    cout<<"/----------to json,方式2:调用to_json函数-----------/"<<endl;    json j2;    to_json(j2,hututu);          //to json,调用to_json函数    cout<<"j2 = "<<j2<<endl;     //输出json对象值    cout<<"/----------from json,方式1:调用from_json函数-----------/"<<endl;     j1["name"]="new name";        //修改json对象数据    cout<<"new j1 = "<<j1<<endl;        //输出json对象值    person hututu_new;    from_json(j1,hututu_new);   //json---->class    hututu_new.display();     //输出person对象内容    cout<<"/----------from json,方式2:调用.get函数-----------/"<<endl;     person hututuNew = j2.get<person>();//像basic value一样通过get函数获取值,将其值直接赋值给自定义对象    hututuNew.display();    return 0;} | 
执行结果:
/----------to json,方式1:json=class隐式转换-----------/
j1 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------to json,方式2:调用to_json函数-----------/
j2 = {“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------from json,方式1:调用from_json函数-----------/
new j1 = {“age”:18,“name”:“new name”,“score”:88.99}
person name = new name
person age = 18
person score = 88.99
/----------from json,方式2:调用.get函数-----------/
person name = hututu
person age = 18
person score = 88.99
四.NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE宏的使用
4.1 宏的定义
JSON for Modern C++ 中为方便序列化和反序列化定义了两宏,如下
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, …) 将在要为其创建代码的类/结构的命名空间内定义。
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(name, member1, member2, …) 将在要为其创建代码的类/结构中定义。 该宏还可以访问私有成员。
进一步查看代码:
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/*!@brief macro@def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE@since version 3.9.0*/#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...)  \    friend void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \    friend void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) }/*!@brief macro@def NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE@since version 3.9.0*/#define NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(Type, ...)  \    inline void to_json(nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, const Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_TO, __VA_ARGS__)) } \    inline void from_json(const nlohmann::json& nlohmann_json_j, Type& nlohmann_json_t) { NLOHMANN_JSON_EXPAND(NLOHMANN_JSON_PASTE(NLOHMANN_JSON_FROM, __VA_ARGS__)) } | 
4.2 宏的使用
可以看出上述的宏主要实现了from_json和to_json两个函数的功能,使用时需要在一个类中调用该宏,并传入(类名,参数1,参数2,参数3…)使用,这样在json对象和class对象之间之间直接赋值可以完成相互转换,具体用法如下:
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#include <iostream>        //文件操作头文件#include <string>#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>   //引入json.hpp,该文件已经放在系统默认路径:/usr/local/include/nlohmann/json.hppusing namespace std;using json = nlohmann::json;class person{   public:      string name;      int age;      double score;      void display()      {        cout<<"person name = "<<this->name<<endl;        cout<<"person age = "<<this->age<<endl;        cout<<"person score = "<<this->score<<endl;      }      // 类名,成员1,成员2,成员3      NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(person, name, age, score);};//main.cpp文件int main(){    person hututu{"hututu",18,88.99};//定义一个person对象为hututu    cout<<"/----------调用宏实现:to json-----------/"<<endl;    json j1 = hututu;    cout << j1<< endl;    cout << j1.dump() << endl;    cout<<"/----------调用宏实现:from json-----------/"<<endl;    j1["name"]="new name";    person hututu_new = j1;    hututu_new.display();    return 0;} | 
输出结果:
/----------调用宏实现:to json-----------/
{“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
{“age”:18,“name”:“hututu”,“score”:88.99}
/----------调用宏实现:from json-----------/
person name = new name
person age = 18
person score = 88.99
                    
                

                
            
        
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