Mining Industry Development of Denmark

Denmark’s industrialized market economy depended on imported raw materials, its mineral resources were mainly fossil fuels in the North Sea, and the nonfuel minerals industry included mining and quarrying of chalk, clays, diatomite, rock (agricultural and industrial), and sand and gravel (onshore and offshore).

Denmark – Mining

The industrial minerals sector was particularly active. There were some 90 pits in Denmark from which clay was mined; this material was used primarily by the cement, brickmaking, and ceramic tile industries. The production of sand, gravel, and crushed stone has become more important in recent years, not only in meeting domestic demand, but also as an export to Germany and other Scandinavian countries. kaolin, found on the island of Bornholm, was used mostly for coarse earthenware, furnace linings, and as filler for paper; production was 2,000 tons in 2001, down from 3,000 in 1997.

There were important rock, chalk, and marl deposits in Jutland. Chalk production totaled 410,000 tons in 2001. Limonite (bog ore) was extracted for gas purification and pig iron production. Large deposits of salt were discovered in Jutland in 1966; in 2001, 605,000 tons were mined. The country also produced fire clay, extracted moler, lime (hydrated and quicklime), nitrogen, peat, crude s, dimension stone (mostly granite), and sulfur. According to the constitution, subsurface resources belonged to the nation, and concessions to exploit them required parliamentary approval.

Denmark – Industry

Manufacturing has greatly expanded since the end of World War II and now accounts for a far greater share of national income than does agriculture. In 2002, manufacturing (including mining and utilities) accounted for 26% of the GDP, employing 17% of the total working population. In the important food and drink industry, which tends to be relatively stable, the pattern differs for various branches, but meat packing has developed remarkably.

The chemical, metalworking, and pharmaceutical industries have made notable progress. Handicrafts remain important, and Danish stone, clay, glass, wood, and silver products are world famous. The industrial share of total commodity exports increased from 31% in 1951 to 50% in 1969, and to 70% in 1992.

In the world market, Danish manufacturers, having a limited supply of domestic raw materials, a relatively small home market, and a naturally advantageous geographic position, have concentrated on the production of high-quality specialized items rather than those dependent on mass production. For example, Denmark became the world’s largest supplier of insulin, the raw materials for which come from livestock intestines, and, because of a social law creating a large domestic market, Denmark came to produce 20% of the world’s hearing-aid spectacles.

Machinery, by far the most important industrial export, includes cement-making machinery, dairy machinery, diesel engines, electric motors, machine tools, and refrigeration equipment. Other important exports are canned foods, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, furniture, metal and paper products, ships, and textiles.

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