创建Windows服务(C++)

这次我们来创建一个windows本地服务，需要有以下功能：

• 安装服务。
• 卸载服务。
• 手动启动服务。
• 开机自动启动服务。
• 控制服务（停止、暂停、恢复、启动）。

服务概念及介绍

看下图，一切尽在不言中了（-_-）:

安装服务并开机启动

• 代码逻辑： 打开SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 创建服务。

• 在CreateService调用中，我们传入SERVICE_AUTO_START里表明这个服务是开启自启动的，SCM会在开机时调用StartService来启动我们的服务；同时我们传入NULL作为服务开始名称，这样该服务就可以开机启动为系统服务。在调用installService后，我们会调用startService来手动启动服务。

• 这里我用SAFE_CALL简化了错误处理逻辑。

  wstring getExeFullFilename()
  {
  static wchar_t buffer[1024];

  SAFE_CALL(GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, buffer, 1024), 0);
  return wstring(buffer);
  }

  void installService()
  {
  auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE);
  SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);

  auto serviceHandle = CreateServiceW(scmHandle,
  L"lgxZJ::Service",
  L"lgxZJ::Service",
  SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS,
  SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
  SERVICE_AUTO_START,
  SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,
  getExeFullFilename().c_str(),
  NULL, NULL, L"", NULL, L"");
  SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);

  CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
  CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }

  void startService()
  {
  auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
  SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);

  auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW( scmHandle,
  L"lgxZJ::Service",
  SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
  SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);

  SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
  SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START &&
  serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
  return;

  SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);

  CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
  CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }

  define SAFE_CALL(FuncCall, ErrorCode) \

  if (FuncCall == ErrorCode) {
  cout << #FuncCall " error, code:" << GetLastError()
  << " ,line:" << _LINE_ << "\n";
  exit(-1);
  }

卸载服务

• 代码逻辑： 打开SCM（Service Control Manager）-> 打开服务 -> 停止服务（如果正在运行） -> 删除服务。

  void uninstallService()
  {
  auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
  SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);

  auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW( scmHandle,
  L"lgxZJ::Service",
  SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
  SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);

  SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
  SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) {
  SAFE_CALL(ControlService(serviceHandle, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &serviceStatus), 0);
  SAFE_CALL(serviceStatus.dwCurrentState, NO_ERROR);

  do {
  SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  Sleep(1000);
  } while (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_STOPPED);
  }

  SAFE_CALL(DeleteService(serviceHandle), FALSE);

  CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
  CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }

手动启动服务

• 代码逻辑： 打开SCM -> 打开服务 -> 启动服务。

  void startService()
  {
  auto scmHandle = OpenSCManagerW(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
  SAFE_CALL(scmHandle, NULL);

  auto serviceHandle = OpenServiceW( scmHandle,
  L"lgxZJ::Service",
  SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);
  SAFE_CALL(serviceHandle, NULL);

  SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
  SAFE_CALL(QueryServiceStatus(serviceHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  if (serviceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START &&
  serviceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_START_PENDING)
  return;

  SAFE_CALL(StartServiceW(serviceHandle, 0, NULL), FALSE);

  CloseServiceHandle(scmHandle);
  CloseServiceHandle(serviceHandle);
  }

运行服务（服务启动时会运行服务）、服务控制处理

• 代码逻辑： 启动分发器（连接到SCM） -> 注册服务控制处理器 -> 在控制处理器中对服务控制进行处理（通过SetServiceStatus反馈服务状态和设置接受的控制）。

  void runService()
  {
  const SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRYW serviceTable[] = {
  { L"", ServiceMain },
  { NULL, NULL }
  };

  SAFE_CALL(StartServiceCtrlDispatcherW(&serviceTable[0]), 0);
  }

  SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE g_serviceStatusHandle = NULL;

  void setServiceStatus(DWORD status)
  {
  SERVICE_STATUS serviceStatus;
  serviceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
  serviceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = NO_ERROR;
  serviceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
  serviceStatus.dwWaitHint = 2000;
  serviceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
  serviceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_PAUSE_CONTINUE |
  SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN |
  SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;

  serviceStatus.dwCurrentState = status;
  SAFE_CALL(SetServiceStatus(g_serviceStatusHandle, &serviceStatus), 0);
  }

  VOID WINAPI ServiceHandler(DWORD controlCode)
  {
  switch (controlCode)
  {
  case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE:
  setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING); break;
  case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
  break;
  case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE:
  setServiceStatus(SERVICE_PAUSED); break;
  case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN:
  setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED); break;
  case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
  setServiceStatus(SERVICE_STOPPED); break;
  default:
  break;
  }
  }

  VOID WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPWSTR *argv)
  {
  g_serviceStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW(L"lgxZJ::Service", &ServiceHandler);
  if (g_serviceStatusHandle == 0)
  {
  cout << "RegisterServiceCtrlHandlerW error, code:" << GetLastError()
  << " ,line:" << LINE << "\n";
  exit(-1);
  }

  setServiceStatus(SERVICE_START_PENDING);
  setServiceStatus(SERVICE_RUNNING);
  }

完整代码

生成的exe需要以管理员权限启动，完整代码见此处。