使用postfix进行收发邮件
背景：首次使用postfix测试收邮件，发邮件
环境：CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)，基于VMware Workstations Pro 15
标签：Postfix，Dovecot，多实例
1，配置2个固定IP，多实例，1个IP对应1个实例。192.168.101.8 和 192.168.101.9
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet" PROXY_METHOD="none" BROWSER_ONLY="no" BOOTPROTO="static" DEFROUTE="yes" IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6INIT="yes" IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes" IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes" IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no" IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy" NAME="ens33" UUID="f6d40cce-367a-4349-9351-511a6235b342" DEVICE="ens33" ONBOOT="yes" IPADDR="192.168.101.8" IPADDR1="192.168.101.9" GATEWAY="192.168.101.1" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" DNS1="8.8.8.8"
2. 安装Postfix，现在大部分的Linux系统都自带Postfix，无需安装，这里直接进行配置
vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
#接受外部邮件需要更改为
inet_interfaces = all
#加上自己的邮箱域名 mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, bytedance.shop
#邮件存放目录
home_mailbox = Maildir/
multi_instance_wrapper = ${command_directory}/postmulti -p --
multi_instance_enable = yes
multi_instance_name = postfix-rzhang
multi_instance_group = rzhang
multi_instance_directories = /etc/postfix-2
master_service_disable =
authorized_submit_users = root
myhostname = postfix.bytedance.shop
mydomain = bytedance.shop
myorigin = $mydomain
mynetworks = 192.168.101.8/32,127.0.0.0/8
relay_domains = $mydestination
smtp_bind_address = 192.168.101.8
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
配置master.cf
vim /etc/postfix/master.cf
#设置第一个实例的端口，发信端口可以自定义，但是收信端口是25 192.168.101.8:25 inet n - n - - smtpd #smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
配置第二个Postfix实例
cp main.cf master.cf /etc/postfix-2/
以下为第二个postfix与第1个不同的地方
vim /etc/postfix-2/main.cf
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix-2 data_directory = /var/lib/postfix-2 multi_instance_wrapper = ${command_directory}/postmulti -p -- multi_instance_enable = yes multi_instance_name = postfix-2 multi_instance_group = rzhang
#multi_instance_directories = /etc/postfix-2 master_service_disable = authorized_submit_users = root myhostname = postfix2.bytedance.shop mydomain = bytedance.shop myorigin = $mydomain mynetworks = 192.168.101.9/32,127.0.0.0/8 relay_domains = $mydestination smtp_bind_address = 192.168.101.9 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination #transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
配置master
vim /etc/postfix-2/master.cf
192.168.101.9:8025 inet n - n - - smtpd #smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
3. 安装和配置dovecot
vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
auth_mechanisms = plain login mbox_write_locks = fcntl passdb { driver = pam } service auth { unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth { group = postfix mode = 0660 user = postfix } user = root } #ssl_cert = </etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem #ssl_key = </ect/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem userdb { driver = passwd } ssl = required
vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
4，启动postfix和dovecot，具体报错根据日志检查
tail -100 /var/log/maillog
其中在发邮件的时候遇到过以下报错
loops back to myself
网上资料说的方法有，在postfix的mydestination加上自己的域名，更改hostname。
我的解决方法是使用多一个postfix实例，更改不同的hostname；然后发往自己的域名的时候设置转发，使用第二个postfix来发送。
vim /etc/postfix/transport
bytedance.shop smtp:[192.168.101.9]:8025
然后hash
postmap /etc/postfix/transport
5，更改DNS
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.101.8 bytedance.shop 192.168.101.8 postfix.bytedance.shop 192.168.101.9 postfix2.bytedance.shop
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=25/tcp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=110/tcp firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=995/tcp firewall-cmd --reload firewall-cmd --list-all
6，检查postfix是否启动成功
一般显示如下代表成功
[root@rayhung test]# telnet 192.168.101.8 25 Trying 192.168.101.8... Connected to 192.168.101.8. Escape character is '^]'. 220 postfix.bytedance.shop ESMTP Postfix
[root@rayhung test]# telnet 192.168.101.9 8025 Trying 192.168.101.9... Connected to 192.168.101.9. Escape character is '^]'. 220 postfix2.bytedance.shop ESMTP Postfix
7，开设邮箱
useradd test
passwd test
[root@rzhang]# cd /home/test/;ll total 0
激活邮箱
[root@rayhung test]# telnet 192.168.101.8 110 Trying 192.168.101.8... Connected to 192.168.101.8. Escape character is '^]'. +OK Dovecot ready. user test +OK pass yourpassword +OK Logged in. quit +OK Logging out. Connection closed by foreign host.
检查邮箱
[root@rayhung test]# cd /home/test/Maildir/;ll total 12 drwx------. 2 test test 6 Sep 20 13:36 cur -rw-------. 1 test test 400 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot.index.log -rw-------. 1 test test 51 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot-uidlist -rw-------. 1 test test 8 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot-uidvalidity -r--r--r--. 1 test test 0 Sep 20 13:36 dovecot-uidvalidity.5f66ea55 drwx------. 2 test test 6 Sep 20 13:36 new drwx------. 2 test test 6 Sep 20 13:36 tmp
8，安装foxmail进行收发测试
这里使用110端口遇到问题，所以所以使用995
rcheung@bytedance.shop发邮件给test@bytedance.shop
收到邮件
检查日志也是发送成功
grep "test@bytedance.shop" /var/log/maillog
Sep 20 13:46:39 rayhung postfix-rzhang/smtp[2285]: 879228CD7C: to=<test@bytedance.shop>, relay=192.168.101.9[192.168.101.9]:8025, delay=0.14, delays=0.06/0.02/0.04/0.02, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as A58671061B1E)
Sep 20 13:46:39 rayhung postfix-2/local[2291]: A58671061B1E: to=<test@bytedance.shop>, relay=local, delay=0.02, delays=0.01/0.01/0/0, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (delivered to maildir)
