字符串操作、文件操作，英文词频统计预处理

作业要求：https://edu.cnblogs.com/campus/gzcc/GZCC-16SE1/homework/2684

1.字符串操作：

• 解析身份证号：生日、性别、出生地等。

      代码如下：

import datetime

class GetInformation(object):
    def __init__(self, id):
        self.id = id
        self.birth_area = self.id[0:2]
        self.birth_year = int(self.id[6:10])
        self.birth_month = int(self.id[10:12])
        self.birth_day = int(self.id[12:14])

    #地区
    def get_birth_area(self):
        area = {"11": "北京", "12": "天津", "13": "河北", "14": "山西", "15": "内蒙古", "21": "辽宁", "22": "吉林", "23": "黑龙江",
            "31": "上海", "32": "江苏", "33": "浙江", "34": "安徽", "35": "福建", "36": "江西", "37": "山东", "41": "河南", "42": "湖北",
            "43": "湖南", "44": "广东", "45": "广西", "46": "海南", "50": "重庆", "51": "四川", "52": "贵州", "53": "云南", "54": "西藏",
            "61": "陕西", "62": "甘肃", "63": "青海", "64": "宁夏", "65": "新疆", "71": "台湾", "81": "香港", "82": "澳门", "91": "国外"}
        return area[self.birth_area]

    #出生日期
    def get_birthday(self):
        birthday = "{}-{}-{}".format(self.birth_year, self.birth_month, self.birth_day)
        return birthday

    #性别
    def get_sex(self):
        num = int(self.id[16:17])
        if num % 2 == 0:
            return "女"
        else:
            return "男"

    #年龄
    def get_age(self):
        now = (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
        year = now.year
        month = now.month
        day = now.day

        if year == self.birth_year:
            return 0
        else:
            if self.birth_month > month or (self.birth_month == month and self.birth_day > day):
                return year - self.birth_year - 1
            else:
                return year - self.birth_year


ID = input("请输入一个合法的真实的身份证号码：")
birtharea = GetInformation(ID).get_birth_area()
birthday = GetInformation(ID).get_birthday()
age = str(GetInformation(ID).get_age())
sex = GetInformation(ID).get_sex()
print("出生地："+birtharea+"\n出生日期为:"+birthday+",年龄"+age+"岁，性别："+sex)

　　

• 凯撒密码编码与解码

     

 

• 网址观察与批量生成

     代码如下：

import webbrowser
for i in range(2,8):
    url='http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html'.format(i)
    webbrowser.open(url)
    print(url)

 

    

2.英文词频统计预处理

• 下载一首英文的歌词或文章或小说。
• 将所有大写转换为小写
• 将所有其他做分隔符（,.？！）替换为空格
• 分隔出一个一个的单词
• 并统计单词出现的次数。

　　代码如下：

import os
def read_file():
    f = open('C:\\Users\\leo\\Desktop\\you raise me up.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    content = f.read()
    f.close()
    return content
text = read_file()
for i in ',.?;-':
  text = text.replace(i," ")
song = text.lower().split()
from collections import Counter
wd = Counter(song)
print("词频统计--出现次数为5次以上的")
print(wd.most_common(5))

　　

3.文件操作

• 同一目录、绝对路径、相对路径
• 凯撒密码：从文件读入密函，进行加密或解密，保存到文件。
• 词频统计：下载一首英文的歌词或文章或小说，保存为utf8文件。从文件读入文本进行处理。

 　　代码如下：

import os
#读文件
def read_file():
    f = open('kaisamiwen.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    content = f.read()
    f.close()
    return content
#写文件
def write_file(word):
    f = open('kaisamiwen.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    f.write(word)
    f.close()
def encryption():
    str_change = read_file()
    str_list = list(str_change)
    str_list_encry = str_list
    i = 0
    while i < len(str_list):
        if ord(str_list[i]) < 123-3:
            str_list_encry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 3)
        else:
            str_list_encry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 3 - 26)
        i = i+1
    write_file("".join(str_list_encry))
    print ("加密结果为："+"".join(str_list_encry))
def decryption():
    str_change = read_file()
    str_list = list(str_change)
    str_list_decry = str_list
    i = 0
    while i < len(str_list):
        if ord(str_list[i]) >= 97+3:
            str_list_decry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) - 3)
        else:
            str_list_decry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 26 - 3)
        i = i+1
    write_file("".join(str_list_decry))
    print ("解密结果为："+"".join(str_list_decry))
while True:
    print (u"1. 加密")
    print (u"2. 解密")
    choice = input("请选择：")
    if choice == "1":
        encryption()
    elif choice == "2":
        decryption()
    else:
        print (u"您的输入有误！")

　

 

　

 

 4.函数定义

• 加密函数

　　代码如下：

def encryption():
    str_change = read_file()
    str_list = list(str_change)
    str_list_encry = str_list
    i = 0
    while i < len(str_list):
        if ord(str_list[i]) < 123-3:
            str_list_encry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 3)
        else:
            str_list_encry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 3 - 26)
        i = i+1
    write_file("".join(str_list_encry))
    print ("加密结果为："+"".join(str_list_encry))

 

• 解密函数

　　代码如下：

def decryption():
    str_change = read_file()
    str_list = list(str_change)
    str_list_decry = str_list
    i = 0
    while i < len(str_list):
        if ord(str_list[i]) >= 97+3:
            str_list_decry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) - 3)
        else:
            str_list_decry[i] = chr(ord(str_list[i]) + 26 - 3)
        i = i+1
    write_file("".join(str_list_decry))
    print ("解密结果为："+"".join(str_list_decry))

 

• 读文本函数

　　代码如下：

#读文件
def read_file():
    f = open('kaisamiwen.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
    content = f.read()
    f.close()
    return content
#写文件
def write_file(word):
    f = open('kaisamiwen.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    f.write(word)
    f.close()