线程同步机制(Synchronized)

线程同步 synchronized

多线程操作统一资源(临界资源)时,需要同步机制;


队列和锁

  1. 不安全买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
	public static void main (String[] args) {
		BuyTicket station =new BuyTicket();
		new Thread(station,"我").start();
		new Thread(station,"你").start();
		new Thread(station,"该死的黄牛").start();
		
	}

}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

	private int ticketNums=10;
	boolean flag= true;
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		// 买票
		while(flag) {
			try {
				buy();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	
	private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
		//判断是否有票
		if(ticketNums<=0) {
			flag=false;
			return;
		}
		
		//模拟延时
		Thread.sleep(100);
		//买票
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+ticketNums--);
	}
	
}
  1. 不安全的取钱(银行)

    package synchronize;
    
    
    //两个人去银行取钱,账户
    public class UnsafeBank {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		Account account=new Account(100,"结婚基金");
    		Drawing you =new Drawing(account,50,"你");
    		Drawing girlfriend =new Drawing(account,100,"girlfriend");
    		
    		you.start();
    		girlfriend.start();
    	}
    }
    
    //账户
    class Account{
    	int money;//余额
    	String name;//卡名
    	 public Account (int money, String name) {
    		 this.money=money;
    		 this.name=name;
    	 }
    
    }
    
    
    //银行模拟取款
    class Drawing extends Thread{
    	Account account;//账户
    	int drawingMoney;//取多少钱
    	int nowMoney;//手中有多少钱
    	
    	public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name) {//有参构造器
    		super(name);//给线程名字
    		this.account=account;
    		this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
    		
    	}
    	
    	
    	//取钱方法
    	public void run() {
    		//先判断有没有钱
    		if (account.money-drawingMoney<0) {
    			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不出来!");
    			return;
    		}
    		
    		try {//增加延时,放大问题发生性
    			Thread.sleep(1000);
    		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		//卡内余额=余额-取出的钱;
    		account.money-=drawingMoney;
    		//手里的钱
    		nowMoney += drawingMoney;
    		
    		System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
    		System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱为:"+nowMoney);
    		
    	}
    }
    
  2. 线程不完全的集合

    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    //线程不安全的集合
    public class MyTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
                new Thread(()->{
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    );
                }).start();
            }
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(list.size());
        }
    }
    

加了锁机制之后,并发线程更安全,但效率更低

synchronized 方法控制对“对象”的访问,每个对象对应一把锁;每个synchronized方法都必须获得调用该方法的对象的锁才能执行,否则会阻塞等待;

缺点:效率低;

  • 同步方法:public synchronized void method(int args){} ;

方法前添加锁synchronized:此例syn锁的是BuyTicket对象

public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
	public static void main (String[] args) {
		BuyTicket station =new BuyTicket();
		new Thread(station,"我").start();
		new Thread(station,"你").start();
		new Thread(station,"该死的黄牛").start();
		
	}

}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

	private int ticketNums=10;
	boolean flag= true;
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		// 买票
		while(flag) {
			try {
				buy();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	//同步锁在这里**************************
	private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {//添加锁(方法),锁的对象:默认This.(此处是BuyTicket对象)
		//判断是否有票
		if(ticketNums<=0) {
			flag=false;
			return;
		}
		
		//模拟延时
		Thread.sleep(100);
		//买票
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+ticketNums--);
	}
	
}

银行取钱加锁:

  • 若在run()方法前添加syn锁:

    这里syn锁的对象是Drawing,(银行)。

    然而依旧出现负数,因为锁的并不是增删改查的对象(修改的对象);实际上增删改查的对象是账户(Account),所以应该锁Account对象!!

    //run方法前添加syn锁,锁的对象就是调用该方法的This.对象,Drawing。(即锁的是银行)
    public synchronized void run() {
    		//先判断有没有钱
    		if (account.money-drawingMoney<0) {
    			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不出来!");
    			return;
    		}
    		
    		try {//增加延时,放大问题发生性
    			Thread.sleep(1000);
    		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		//卡内余额=余额-取出的钱;
    		account.money-=drawingMoney;
    		//手里的钱
    		nowMoney += drawingMoney;
    		
    		System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
    		System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱为:"+nowMoney);
    		
    	}
    
  • 若用同步块解决,synchronized(Obj){}

    Obj -->同步监视器:

    • Obj可以使任何对象(但推荐为临界资源);

    • 同步方法中无需指定同步监视器,默认就是this,就是这个对象本身,或者是class;

    • 同步监视器执行过程:
      1、 第一个线程访问,锁定监视器,进入临界区;
      2、第二个线程访问,发现同步监视器被锁定,无法访问;
      3、第一个线程访问完毕,解锁同步监视器;
      4、第二个线程访问,发现没有锁,然后锁定同步监视器并访问;

    //用代码块锁account对象;
    public synchronized void run() {
        
        //同步块*************************
        synchronized (account) {
            
            //先判断有没有钱
    		if (account.money-drawingMoney<0) {
    			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不出来!");
    			return;
    		}
    		
    		try {//增加延时,放大问题发生性
    			Thread.sleep(1000);
    		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		//卡内余额=余额-取出的钱;
    		account.money-=drawingMoney;
    		//手里的钱
    		nowMoney += drawingMoney;
    		
    		System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
    		System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱为:"+nowMoney);
            
        }//********************
    	
    }
    

安全的集合CopyOnWriteArrayList

JUC 安全类型的集合;

区别于普通的ArrayList,它本身就是安全的集合;

posted @ 2022-02-25 00:22  devynlime  阅读(100)  评论(0)    收藏  举报