Android测试工具 UIAutomator入门与介绍
UI Automator 测试工具定义以及用途
UI Automator 测试框架提供了一组 API，用于构建在用户应用和系统应用上执行交互的界面测试。通过 UI Automator API，您可以执行在测试设备中打开“设置”菜单或应用启动器等操作。UI Automator 测试框架非常适合编写黑盒式自动化测试，此类测试的测试代码不依赖于目标应用的内部实现细节。
优点：可以对所有的操作来进行自动化，操作简单（eg:点击事件 ，侧滑事件，上拉事件，以及模拟键盘输入测试用例）。可以测试所有设备的程序。
缺点：必须要Android4.0以上才能使用。
UI Automator 的执行呢，需要我们编写完毕打成jar包，直接上传到/data/local/tmp/ 目录下面，然后用adb 命令执行即可。由于是安卓原生的，比较稳定，运行的速度也比较快。
我们下载了安卓的环境变量后，然后下载任意大于4.0的安卓版本sdk即可。
都会有这个jar包，我们在写代码，创建工程的时候，直接引入即可。
如何获取定位呢，我们可以uiautomatorviewer。
UI Automator 测试框架的主要功能包括：
用于检查布局层次结构的查看器。
用于检索状态信息并在目标设备上执行操作的 API。
支持跨应用界面测试的 API。
UI Automator 测试框架提供了一个 UiDevice 类，用于在运行目标应用的设备上访问和执行操作。您可以调用其方法以访问设备属性，如当前屏幕方向或显示屏尺寸。UiDevice 类还可用于执行以下操作：
改变设备的旋转。
按硬件键，如“音量调高按钮”。
按返回、主屏幕或菜单按钮。
打开通知栏。
截取当前窗口的屏幕截图。
UI Automator API
通过 UI Automator API，您可以编写可靠的测试，而无需了解目标应用的实现细节。您可以使用这些 API 在多个应用间捕获和操纵界面组件：
UiCollection：枚举容器的界面元素，目的是为了计数，或者按可见文本或内容说明属性来定位子元素。
UiObject：表示设备上可见的界面元素。
UiScrollable：支持搜索可滚动界面容器中的项目。
UiSelector：表示对设备上的一个或多个目标界面元素的查询。
Configurator：可让您设置用于运行 UI Automator 测试的关键参数。
官方文档
https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/package-summary
官方文档有着详细的介绍
正常的我们加入后，在后可以看到，有什么类，方式是什么，里面有什么api。
我们可以在引入后查看。
下面列举几个类的方法
UiDevice
void clearLastTraversedText() // 清除上次UI遍历的事件 boolean click(int x, int y) // 根据坐标点击 boolean drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps) // 拖动 void dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest) // dump当前的层次化结构到文件中 void dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out) // dump当前的层次化结构到流中 void dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName) // dump当前的层次化结构到文件中 UiObject2 findObject(BySelector selector) // 根据BySelector查找 UiObject findObject(UiSelector selector) // 根据UiSelector 查找 List<UiObject2> findObjects(BySelector selector) // 根据BySelector查找 void freezeRotation() // 冻结旋转的状态 String getCurrentActivityName() // 获取当前Activity的名字，已经被废弃 String getCurrentPackageName() // 获取当前package int getDisplayHeight() // Gets the height of the display, in pixels. int getDisplayRotation() // Returns the current rotation of the display, as defined in Surface Point getDisplaySizeDp() // Returns the display size in dp (device-independent pixel) The returned display size is adjusted per screen rotation. int getDisplayWidth() // Gets the width of the display, in pixels. static UiDevice getInstance() // 获取一个对象 static UiDevice getInstance(Instrumentation instrumentation) // Retrieves a singleton instance of UiDevice String getLastTraversedText() // 获取上一次遍历的文本 String getLauncherPackageName() // 获取运行的packagename String getProductName() // Retrieves the product name of the device. boolean hasAnyWatcherTriggered() // 检查是否有触发器触发 boolean hasObject(BySelector selector) // 是否有符合的条件的 boolean hasWatcherTriggered(String watcherName) // Checks if a specific registered UiWatcher has triggered. boolean isNaturalOrientation() // Check if the device is in its natural orientation. boolean isScreenOn() // Checks the power manager if the screen is ON. boolean openNotification() // Opens the notification shade. // 打开通知 boolean openQuickSettings() // 打开设置 <R> R performActionAndWait(Runnable action, EventCondition<R> condition, long timeout) // Performs the provided action and waits for the condition to be met. boolean pressBack() // Simulates a short press on the BACK button. boolean pressDPadCenter() // Simulates a short press on the CENTER button. boolean pressDPadDown() // Simulates a short press on the DOWN button. boolean pressDPadLeft() // Simulates a short press on the LEFT button. boolean pressDPadRight() // Simulates a short press on the RIGHT button. boolean pressDPadUp() // Simulates a short press on the UP button. boolean pressDelete() // Simulates a short press on the DELETE key. boolean pressEnter() // Simulates a short press on the ENTER key. boolean pressHome() // Simulates a short press on the HOME button. boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode) // Simulates a short press using a key code. boolean pressKeyCode(int keyCode, int metaState) // Simulates a short press using a key code. boolean pressMenu() // Simulates a short press on the MENU button. boolean pressRecentApps() // Simulates a short press on the Recent Apps button. boolean pressSearch() // Simulates a short press on the SEARCH button. void registerWatcher(String name, UiWatcher watcher) // Registers a UiWatcher to run automatically when the testing framework is unable to find a match using a UiSelector. void removeWatcher(String name) // Removes a previously registered UiWatcher. void resetWatcherTriggers() // Resets a UiWatcher that has been triggered. void runWatchers() // This method forces all registered watchers to run. void setCompressedLayoutHeirarchy(boolean compressed) // Enables or disables layout hierarchy compression. void setOrientationLeft() // 设置旋转方向 void setOrientationNatural() // Simulates orienting the device into its natural orientation and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. void setOrientationRight() // Simulates orienting the device to the right and also freezes rotation by disabling the sensors. void sleep() // 关闭屏幕 boolean swipe(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps) // Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another using the number of steps to determine smoothness and speed. boolean swipe(Point[] segments, int segmentSteps) // Performs a swipe between points in the Point array. boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath, float scale, int quality) // 截屏 boolean takeScreenshot(File storePath) // Take a screenshot of current window and store it as PNG Default scale of 1.0f (original size) and 90% quality is used The screenshot is adjusted per screen rotation void unfreezeRotation() // Re-enables the sensors and un-freezes the device rotation allowing its contents to rotate with the device physical rotation. <R> R wait(SearchCondition<R> condition, long timeout) // Waits for given the condition to be met. void waitForIdle(long timeout) // Waits for the current application to idle. void waitForIdle() // Waits for the current application to idle. boolean waitForWindowUpdate(String packageName, long timeout) // Waits for a window content update event to occur. void wakeUp() // 点亮屏幕
UiObject
void clearTextField() // 清空输入接口 boolean click() // 点击 boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow() // 点击并等待新界面 boolean clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout) // 点击并等待新界面，设置等待时间 boolean clickBottomRight() // 点击右下边 boolean clickTopLeft() // Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element boolean dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps) // 拖动 boolean dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps) // Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates. boolean exists() // 判断是否存在 Rect getBounds() // 返回边界 UiObject getChild(UiSelector selector) // 根据条件获取子元素 int getChildCount() // 获取子元素数量 String getClassName() // 获取当前元素的class name String getContentDescription() // Reads the content_desc property of the UI element UiObject getFromParent(UiSelector selector) // Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject. String getPackageName() // Reads the view's package property final UiSelector getSelector() // Debugging helper. String getText() // Reads the text property of the UI element Rect getVisibleBounds() // 获取可见边界 boolean isCheckable() // 是否可以点击 boolean isChecked() // 是否已经选中 boolean isClickable() // Checks if the UI element's clickable property is currently true. boolean isEnabled() // Checks if the UI element's enabled property is currently true. boolean isFocusable() // Check if the UI element's focusable property is currently true. boolean isFocused() // Check if the UI element's focused property is currently true boolean isLongClickable() // Check if the view's long-clickable property is currently true boolean isScrollable() // Check if the view's scrollable property is currently true boolean isSelected() // Checks if the UI element's selected property is currently true. boolean longClick() // 长按 boolean longClickBottomRight() // Long clicks bottom and right corner of the UI element boolean longClickTopLeft() // Long clicks on the top and left corner of the UI element boolean performMultiPointerGesture(PointerCoords... touches) // Performs a multi-touch gesture. boolean performTwoPointerGesture(Point startPoint1, Point startPoint2, Point endPoint1, Point endPoint2, int steps) // Generates a two-pointer gesture with arbitrary starting and ending points. boolean pinchIn(int percent, int steps) // Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally toward the other, from the edges to the center of this UiObject . boolean pinchOut(int percent, int steps) // Performs a two-pointer gesture, where each pointer moves diagonally opposite across the other, from the center out towards the edges of the this UiObject. boolean setText(String text) // 设置输入内容 boolean swipeDown(int steps) // Performs the swipe down action on the UiObject. boolean swipeLeft(int steps) // Performs the swipe left action on the UiObject. boolean swipeRight(int steps) // Performs the swipe right action on the UiObject. boolean swipeUp(int steps) // Performs the swipe up action on the UiObject. boolean waitForExists(long timeout) // Waits a specified length of time for a view to become visible. boolean waitUntilGone(long timeout) // Waits a specified length of time for a view to become undetectable.
下面给大家展示一个UiAutomator的testcase
package cn.cool;
import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase;
import android.os.RemoteException;
public class Testone extends UiAutomatorTestCase {
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}
public void testCool() throws RemoteException, InterruptedException {
}
@Override
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
}
}
然后我们可以在实际的项目中，去实现我们真实的业务的代码。实现完毕呢，
我们就可以用 adb . shell push cool.jar /data/local/tmp/
然后使用
adb shell uiautomator runtest cool.jar -c cn.cool.Testone
就可以执行了。uiautomator 由于只能打成jar包，所以它不能直接在编辑器上进行调试。
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