Python的字符串

class str(object):
    """
    str(object='') -> str
    str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str

    Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
    errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
    that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
    Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
    or repr(object).
    encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
    errors defaults to 'strict'.
    """
    def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        首字母变大写
        S.capitalize() -> str

        Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
        have upper case and the rest lower case.
        """
        return ""

    def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.casefold() -> str

        Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons.
        """
        return ""

    def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        原来字符居中，不够用空格补全
        S.center(字符串宽度，字符串左右两边的字符) -> str
　　　　　s = "abcd"
　　　　　s.center(10, "*")
　　　　　>>>　***abcd***    总长度10


        Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
        """
        return ""

    def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
         从一个范围内的统计某str出现次数
        S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
　　　　　s = "abbaa"
　　　　　s.count('a',0,4)  >>> 3
　　　　　s.count('a',0,2)  >>> 1

        Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
        string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are
        interpreted as in slice notation.
        """
        return 0

    def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        encode(encoding='utf-8',errors='strict')
        以encoding指定编码格式编码，如果出错默认报一个ValueError，除非errors指定的是
        ignore或replace

        S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes

        Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
        is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
        handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
        a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
        'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
        codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
        """
        return b""

    def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　判断字符串是否以指定后缀结尾
        S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
        s = 'abcda'.endswith('a', 1, 4)   >>> Flase   
　　　　 s = 'abcda'.endswith('a', 1, 5) >>> True
        Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
        With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
        With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
        suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
        """
        return False

    def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        将字符串中包含的\t转换成tabsize个空格
        S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str
　　　　 s = 'abcda\t'.expandtabs(4) >>> abcda + 4个空格
        Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
        If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
        """
        return ""

    def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　在指定范围查找指定字符
        S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int  
　　　　　s = 'abcda'.find('c',1,3) >>> 2  返回字符 'c' 的下标
        Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

        Return -1 on failure.
        """
        return 0

    def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
        """
        格式化输出
        三种形式：
        形式一. 根据元祖
        >>> print('{0}{1}{0}'.format('a','b'))
        aba

        形式二：（必须一一对应）
        >>> print('{}{}{}'.format('a','b'))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
        IndexError: tuple index out of range
        >>> print('{}{}'.format('a','b'))
        ab

        形式三：根据字典
        >>> print('{name} {age}'.format(age=22,name='Tom'))
        Tom 22

        S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str

        Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
        The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
        """
        pass

    def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        与format区别
        '{name}'.format(**dict(name='Tom'))
        '{name}'.format_map(dict(name='Tom'))

        S.format_map(mapping) -> str

        Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
        The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
        """
        return ""

    def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　返回指定字符的下标
        S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
　　　　 s = 'abcda'.index('c',1,3)  >>> 2 返回字符的下标
        Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
        """
        return 0

    def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        至少一个字符，且都是字母或数字才返回True

        S.isalnum() -> bool
　　　　 s = 'a//'.isalnum()  >>> False
　　　　　s = 'a'.isalnum()   >>> True
　　　　　s = 'a1'.isalnum()  >>> True
　　　　　s = '123'.isalnum() >>> True
        Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        至少一个字符，且都是字母才返回True
        S.isalpha() -> bool
　　　　 s = 'a'.isalpha()  >>> True
        s = 'a1'.isalpha() >>> Flase

        Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　如果字符串中全是十进制数，返回True,否则False
        S.isdecimal() -> bool
　　　　　s = 'a1'.isdecimal() >>> False
        s = '123'.isdecimal() >>> True

        Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
        False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　如果字符串全都是数字，返回True,否则返回False
        S.isdigit() -> bool

        Return True if all characters in S are digits
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        字符串为标识符返回True
　　　　 如：def class num　　

        S.isidentifier() -> bool

        Return True if S is a valid identifier according
        to the language definition.

        Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
        such as "def" and "class".
        """
        return False

    def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        至少一个字符，且都是小写字母才返回True
        S.islower() -> bool
 
        Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
        at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　最少一个字符，且都是数字返回True
        S.isnumeric() -> bool

        Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
        False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　只要字符串中有一个数字，返回True　　　　　　
        S.isprintable() -> bool

        Return True if all characters in S are considered
        printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　全是空格字符，返回True
        S.isspace() -> bool

        Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
        and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
　　　　　符合 首字母大小，剩下全是小写，返回True
        >>> a='Hello'
        >>> a.istitle()
        True
        >>> a='HellP'
        >>> a.istitle()
        False

        S.istitle() -> bool

        Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
        character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
        follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
        Return False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.isupper() -> bool
　　　　　符合字符全是大写字母，返回True
        Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
        at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
        """
        return False

    def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        说明，该方法以迭代的方式操作字符串
        #对序列进行操作（能使用任意符号，这里分别使用' '与':'作为分隔符）
        >>> seq1 = ['Tom','22','180']
        >>> print ' '.join(seq1)
        Tom 22 180
        >>> print ':'.join(seq1)
        Tom:22:180


        #对字符串进行操作

        >>> seq2 = "Tom 22 180"
        >>> print ':'.join(seq2)
        T:o:m 2:2 1:8:0


        #对元组进行操作

        >>> seq3 = ('tom','18','180')
        >>> print ':'.join(seq3)
        tom:18:180


        #对字典进行操作

        >>> seq4 = {'hello':1,'good':2,'boy':3,'doiido':4}
        >>> print ':'.join(seq4)
        boy:good:doiido:hello


        #合并目录

        >>> import os
        >>> os.path.join('/hello/','good/boy/','doiido')
        '/hello/good/boy/doiido'


        S.join(iterable) -> str

        Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
        iterable.  The separator between elements is S.
        """
        return ""

    def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str

        Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
        """
        return ""

    def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.lower() -> str

        Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
        """
        return ""

    def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.lstrip([chars]) -> str

        Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        """
        return ""

    def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return a translation table usable for str.translate().

        If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
        ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
        Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
        If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
        in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
        character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
        must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
        """
        pass

    def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        以sep为分割，将S分成head,sep,tail三部分

        S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)

        Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
        the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not
        found, return S and two empty strings.
        """
        pass

    def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str

        Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
        old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is
        given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
        """
        return ""

    def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int

        Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
        such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
        arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

        Return -1 on failure.
        """
        return 0

    def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int

        Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
        """
        return 0

    def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str

        Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
        done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
        """
        return ""

    def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)

        Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
        the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the
        separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
        """
        pass

    def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings

        Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
        delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
        working to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
        splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
        is a separator.
        """
        return []

    def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.rstrip([chars]) -> str

        Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        """
        return ""

    def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        以sep为分割，将S切分成列表，与partition的区别在于切分结果不包含sep，
        如果一个字符串中包含多个sep那么maxsplit为最多切分成几部分
        >>> a='a,b c\nd\te'
        >>> a.split()
        ['a,b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
        S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings

        Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
        delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
        splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
        whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
        removed from the result.
        """
        return []

    def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        Python splitlines() 按照行('\r', '\r\n', \n')分隔，
        返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表，如果参数 keepends 为 False，不包含换行符，如        果为 True，则保留换行符。
        >>> x
        'adsfasdf\nsadf\nasdf\nadf'
        >>> x.splitlines()
        ['adsfasdf', 'sadf', 'asdf', 'adf']
        >>> x.splitlines(True)
        ['adsfasdf\n', 'sadf\n', 'asdf\n', 'adf']

        S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings

        Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
        Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
        is given and true.
        """
        return []

    def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool

        Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
        With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
        With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
        prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
        """
        return False

    def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.strip([chars]) -> str

        Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
        whitespace removed.
        If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
        """
        return ""

    def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        大小写反转
        S.swapcase() -> str

        Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
        and vice versa.
        """
        return ""

    def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.title() -> str

        Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
        characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
        """
        return ""

    def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        table=str.maketrans('alex','big SB')

        a='hello abc'
        print(a.translate(table))

        S.translate(table) -> str

        Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
        through the given translation table. The table must implement
        lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
        mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
        this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
        Characters mapped to None are deleted.
        """
        return ""

    def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.upper() -> str

        Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
        """
        return ""

    def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        原来字符右对齐，不够用0补齐
        
        S.zfill(width) -> str

        Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
        of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
        """
        return ""

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self+value. """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return key in self. """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        S.__format__(format_spec) -> str

        Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
        """
        return ""

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self[key]. """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
        pass

    def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__
        """
        str(object='') -> str
        str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str

        Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
        errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
        that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
        Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
        or repr(object).
        encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
        errors defaults to 'strict'.
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement iter(self). """
        pass

    def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return len(self). """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self%value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value.n """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value%self. """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass