python文件选择：tkFileDialog 基础
tkFileDialog有两种形式:
一个是.askopenfilename(option=value, ...) 这个是"打开"对话框
另一个是:asksaveasfilename(option=value, ...) 这个是另存为对话框
option参数如下:
defaultextension = s 默认文件的扩展名
filetypes = [(label1, pattern1), (label2, pattern2), ...] 设置文件类型下拉菜单里的的选项
initialdir = D 对话框中默认的路径
initialfile = F 对话框中初始化显示的文件名
parent = W 父对话框(由哪个窗口弹出就在哪个上端)
title = T 弹出对话框的标题
如果选中文件的话,确认后会显示文件的完整路径,否则单击取消的话会返回空字符串
1 #coding=UTF-8 2 # __author__ = '极致' 3 4 import Tkinter, Tkconstants, tkFileDialog 5 6 class TkFileDialogExample(Tkinter.Frame): 7 8 def __init__(self, root): 9 10 Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self, root) 11 12 # options for buttons 13 button_opt = {'fill': Tkconstants.BOTH, 'padx': 5, 'pady': 5} 14 15 # define buttons 16 Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfile', command=self.askopenfile).pack(**button_opt) 17 Tkinter.Button(self, text='askopenfilename', command=self.askopenfilename).pack(**button_opt) 18 Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfile', command=self.asksaveasfile).pack(**button_opt) 19 Tkinter.Button(self, text='asksaveasfilename', command=self.asksaveasfilename).pack(**button_opt) 20 Tkinter.Button(self, text='askdirectory', command=self.askdirectory).pack(**button_opt) 21 22 # define options for opening or saving a file 23 self.file_opt = options = {} 24 options['defaultextension'] = '.txt' 25 options['filetypes'] = [('all files', '.*'), ('text files', '.txt')] 26 options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\' 27 options['initialfile'] = 'myfile.txt' 28 options['parent'] = root 29 options['title'] = 'This is a title' 30 31 # This is only available on the Macintosh, and only when Navigation Services are installed. 32 #options['message'] = 'message' 33 34 # if you use the multiple file version of the module functions this option is set automatically. 35 #options['multiple'] = 1 36 37 # defining options for opening a directory 38 self.dir_opt = options = {} 39 options['initialdir'] = 'C:\\' 40 options['mustexist'] = False 41 options['parent'] = root 42 options['title'] = 'This is a title' 43 44 def askopenfile(self): 45 46 """Returns an opened file in read mode.""" 47 48 return tkFileDialog.askopenfile(mode='r', **self.file_opt) 49 50 def askopenfilename(self): 51 52 """Returns an opened file in read mode. 53 This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code. 54 """ 55 56 # get filename 57 filename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(**self.file_opt) 58 59 # open file on your own 60 if filename: 61 return open(filename, 'r') 62 63 def asksaveasfile(self): 64 65 """Returns an opened file in write mode.""" 66 67 return tkFileDialog.asksaveasfile(mode='w', **self.file_opt) 68 69 def asksaveasfilename(self): 70 71 """Returns an opened file in write mode. 72 This time the dialog just returns a filename and the file is opened by your own code. 73 """ 74 75 # get filename 76 filename = tkFileDialog.asksaveasfilename(**self.file_opt) 77 78 # open file on your own 79 if filename: 80 return open(filename, 'w') 81 82 def askdirectory(self): 83 84 """Returns a selected directoryname.""" 85 86 return tkFileDialog.askdirectory(**self.dir_opt) 87 88 if __name__ == '__main__': 89 root = Tkinter.Tk() 90 TkFileDialogExample(root).pack() 91 root.mainloop()
