centos7.4之saltstack的系列（二）常用模块的使用
一、内置模块
1、使用salt ‘minionid’ sys.list_modules查看saltstack内置模块。
- acl - aliases - alternatives - archive - artifactory - beacons - bigip - btrfs - buildout - cloud - cmd - composer - config - consul - container_resource - cp - cron - cryptdev - data - defaults - devmap - disk - django - dnsmasq - dnsutil - drbd - environ - etcd - ethtool - event - extfs - file - firewalld - gem - genesis - glassfish - gnome - grafana4 - grains - group - hashutil - highstate_doc - hipchat - hosts - http - incron - ini - inspector - introspect - ip - ipset - iptables - jboss7 - jboss7_cli - k8s - kernelpkg - key - keyboard - kmod - locale - locate - log - logrotate - lowpkg - mandrill - match - mattermost - mine - minion - modjk - mount - msteams - nagios_rpc - namecheap_domains - namecheap_domains_dns - namecheap_domains_ns - namecheap_ssl - namecheap_users - network - nexus - nova - nspawn - openscap - openstack_config - opsgenie - out - pagerduty - pagerduty_util - pam - partition - pillar - pkg - pkg_resource - postfix - ps - publish - pushover - pyenv - random - random_org - rbenv - rest_sample_utils - restartcheck - ret - rvm - s3 - s6 - salt_proxy - saltcheck - saltutil - schedule - scsi - sdb - seed - serverdensity_device - service - shadow - slack - slsutil - smbios - smtp - solrcloud - sqlite3 - ssh - state - status - statuspage - supervisord - sys - sysctl - sysfs - syslog_ng - system - telegram - telemetry - temp - test - timezone - tuned - udev - uptime - user - vault - vbox_guest - virtualenv - vsphere - xfs - zenoss
2、知道了有哪些模块还不行，那怎么看每个模块有哪些方法呢？
salt ‘minionid’ sys.list_functions 模块名称
[root@bogon ~]# salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' sys.list_functions cmd dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239: - cmd.exec_code - cmd.exec_code_all - cmd.has_exec - cmd.powershell - cmd.powershell_all - cmd.retcode - cmd.run - cmd.run_all - cmd.run_bg - cmd.run_chroot - cmd.run_stderr - cmd.run_stdout - cmd.script - cmd.script_retcode - cmd.shell - cmd.shell_info - cmd.shells - cmd.tty - cmd.which - cmd.which_bin
3、知道了模块里面有哪些方法也不行，我能得看他的介绍，如果多个模块中间用逗号隔开。
salt 'minionid' sys.doc 模块名称
1 If an equal sign (``=``) appears in an argument to a Salt command it is 2 interpreted as a keyword argument in the format ``key=val``. That 3 processing can be bypassed in order to pass an equal sign through to the 4 remote shell command by manually specifying the kwarg: 5 6 salt '*' cmd.run cmd='sed -e s/=/:/g' 7 8 9 cmd.run_all: 10 11 Execute the passed command and return a dict of return data 12 13 :param str cmd: The command to run. ex: ``ls -lart /home`` 14 15 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 16 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 17 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 18 19 :param str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 20 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 21 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 22 23 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 24 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 25 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 26 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 27 28 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 29 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 30 31 New in version 2016.3.0 32 33 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 34 default shell. 35 36 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 37 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 38 redirection. 39 40 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 41 42 Note: 43 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 44 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 45 46 salt myminion cmd.run_all 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 47 48 :param bool clean_env: Attempt to clean out all other shell environment 49 variables and set only those provided in the 'env' argument to this 50 function. 51 52 :param str prepend_path: $PATH segment to prepend (trailing ':' not 53 necessary) to $PATH 54 55 New in version 2018.3.0 56 57 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 58 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 59 mako, and wempy are supported. 60 61 :param bool rstrip: Strip all whitespace off the end of output before it is 62 returned. 63 64 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 65 66 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 67 command's output. 68 69 Note: 70 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 71 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 72 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 73 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 74 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 75 76 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 77 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 78 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 79 80 New in version 2018.3.0 81 82 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 83 the command is logged to the minion log. 84 85 Note: 86 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 87 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 88 89 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 90 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 91 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 92 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 93 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 94 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 95 96 :param bool hide_output: If ``True``, suppress stdout and stderr in the 97 return data. 98 99 Note: 100 This is separate from ``output_loglevel``, which only handles how 101 Salt logs to the minion log. 102 103 New in version 2018.3.0 104 105 :param int timeout: A timeout in seconds for the executed process to 106 return. 107 108 :param bool use_vt: Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output 109 more interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 110 111 :param bool encoded_cmd: Specify if the supplied command is encoded. 112 Only applies to shell 'powershell'. 113 114 New in version 2018.3.0 115 116 :param bool redirect_stderr: If set to ``True``, then stderr will be 117 redirected to stdout. This is helpful for cases where obtaining both 118 the retcode and output is desired, but it is not desired to have the 119 output separated into both stdout and stderr. 120 121 New in version 2015.8.2 122 123 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 124 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 125 126 New in version 2016.3.0 127 128 :param bool bg: If ``True``, run command in background and do not await or 129 deliver its results 130 131 New in version 2016.3.6 132 133 CLI Example: 134 135 salt '*' cmd.run_all "ls -l | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 136 137 The template arg can be set to 'jinja' or another supported template 138 engine to render the command arguments before execution. 139 For example: 140 141 salt '*' cmd.run_all template=jinja "ls -l /tmp/{{grains.id}} | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 142 143 A string of standard input can be specified for the command to be run using 144 the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in cases where sensitive 145 information must be read from standard input. 146 147 salt '*' cmd.run_all "grep f" stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n' 148 149 150 cmd.run_bg: 151 152 .. versionadded: 2016.3.0 153 154 Execute the passed command in the background and return it's PID 155 156 Note: 157 158 If the init system is systemd and the backgrounded task should run even 159 if the salt-minion process is restarted, prepend ``systemd-run 160 --scope`` to the command. This will reparent the process in its own 161 scope separate from salt-minion, and will not be affected by restarting 162 the minion service. 163 164 :param str cmd: The command to run. ex: ``ls -lart /home`` 165 166 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 167 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 168 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 169 170 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 171 command's output. 172 173 Note: 174 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 175 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 176 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 177 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 178 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 179 180 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 181 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 182 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 183 184 New in version 2018.3.0 185 186 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 187 the command is logged to the minion log. 188 189 Note: 190 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 191 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 192 193 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 194 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 195 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 196 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 197 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 198 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 199 200 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 201 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 202 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 203 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 204 205 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 206 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 207 208 New in version 2016.3.0 209 210 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 211 default shell. 212 213 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 214 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 215 redirection. 216 217 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 218 219 Note: 220 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 221 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 222 223 salt myminion cmd.run_bg 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 224 225 :param bool clean_env: Attempt to clean out all other shell environment 226 variables and set only those provided in the 'env' argument to this 227 function. 228 229 :param str prepend_path: $PATH segment to prepend (trailing ':' not 230 necessary) to $PATH 231 232 New in version 2018.3.0 233 234 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 235 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 236 mako, and wempy are supported. 237 238 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 239 240 :param int timeout: A timeout in seconds for the executed process to return. 241 242 Warning: 243 244 This function does not process commands through a shell unless the 245 ``python_shell`` argument is set to ``True``. This means that any 246 shell-specific functionality such as 'echo' or the use of pipes, 247 redirection or &&, should either be migrated to cmd.shell or have the 248 python_shell=True flag set here. 249 250 The use of ``python_shell=True`` means that the shell will accept _any_ 251 input including potentially malicious commands such as 'good_command;rm 252 -rf /'. Be absolutely certain that you have sanitized your input prior 253 to using ``python_shell=True``. 254 255 CLI Example: 256 257 salt '*' cmd.run_bg "fstrim-all" 258 259 The template arg can be set to 'jinja' or another supported template 260 engine to render the command arguments before execution. 261 For example: 262 263 salt '*' cmd.run_bg template=jinja "ls -l /tmp/{{grains.id}} | awk '/foo/{print \\$2}'" 264 265 Specify an alternate shell with the shell parameter: 266 267 salt '*' cmd.run_bg "Get-ChildItem C:\\ " shell='powershell' 268 269 If an equal sign (``=``) appears in an argument to a Salt command it is 270 interpreted as a keyword argument in the format ``key=val``. That 271 processing can be bypassed in order to pass an equal sign through to the 272 remote shell command by manually specifying the kwarg: 273 274 salt '*' cmd.run_bg cmd='ls -lR / | sed -e s/=/:/g > /tmp/dontwait' 275 276 277 cmd.run_chroot: 278 279 New in version 2014.7.0 280 281 This function runs :mod:`cmd.run_all <salt.modules.cmdmod.run_all>` wrapped 282 within a chroot, with dev and proc mounted in the chroot 283 284 :param str root: Path to the root of the jail to use. 285 286 :param str cmd: The command to run. ex: ``ls -lart /home`` 287 288 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 289 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 290 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 291 292 :parar str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 293 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 294 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 295 296 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 297 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 298 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 299 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 300 301 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 302 default shell. 303 304 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 305 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 306 redirection. 307 308 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 309 310 Note: 311 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 312 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 313 314 salt myminion cmd.run_chroot 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 315 316 :param dict clean_env: Attempt to clean out all other shell environment 317 variables and set only those provided in the 'env' argument to this 318 function. 319 320 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 321 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 322 mako, and wempy are supported. 323 324 :param bool rstrip: 325 Strip all whitespace off the end of output before it is returned. 326 327 :param str umask: 328 The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 329 330 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 331 command's output. 332 333 Note: 334 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 335 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 336 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 337 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 338 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 339 340 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 341 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 342 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 343 344 New in version 2018.3.0 345 346 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 347 the command is logged to the minion log. 348 349 Note: 350 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 351 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 352 353 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 354 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 355 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 356 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 357 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 358 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 359 360 :param bool hide_output: If ``True``, suppress stdout and stderr in the 361 return data. 362 363 Note: 364 This is separate from ``output_loglevel``, which only handles how 365 Salt logs to the minion log. 366 367 New in version 2018.3.0 368 369 :param int timeout: 370 A timeout in seconds for the executed process to return. 371 372 :param bool use_vt: 373 Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output more 374 interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 375 376 CLI Example: 377 378 salt '*' cmd.run_chroot /var/lib/lxc/container_name/rootfs 'sh /tmp/bootstrap.sh' 379 380 381 cmd.run_stderr: 382 383 Execute a command and only return the standard error 384 385 :param str cmd: The command to run. ex: ``ls -lart /home`` 386 387 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 388 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 389 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 390 391 :param str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 392 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 393 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 394 395 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 396 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 397 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 398 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 399 400 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 401 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 402 403 New in version 2016.3.0 404 405 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 406 default shell. 407 408 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 409 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 410 redirection. 411 412 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 413 414 Note: 415 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 416 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 417 418 salt myminion cmd.run_stderr 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 419 420 :param bool clean_env: Attempt to clean out all other shell environment 421 variables and set only those provided in the 'env' argument to this 422 function. 423 424 :param str prepend_path: $PATH segment to prepend (trailing ':' not 425 necessary) to $PATH 426 427 New in version 2018.3.0 428 429 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 430 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 431 mako, and wempy are supported. 432 433 :param bool rstrip: Strip all whitespace off the end of output before it is 434 returned. 435 436 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 437 438 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 439 command's output. 440 441 Note: 442 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 443 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 444 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 445 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 446 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 447 448 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 449 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 450 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 451 452 New in version 2018.3.0 453 454 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 455 the command is logged to the minion log. 456 457 Note: 458 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 459 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 460 461 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 462 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 463 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 464 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 465 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 466 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 467 468 :param bool hide_output: If ``True``, suppress stdout and stderr in the 469 return data. 470 471 Note: 472 This is separate from ``output_loglevel``, which only handles how 473 Salt logs to the minion log. 474 475 New in version 2018.3.0 476 477 :param int timeout: A timeout in seconds for the executed process to 478 return. 479 480 :param bool use_vt: Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output 481 more interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 482 483 CLI Example: 484 485 salt '*' cmd.run_stderr "ls -l | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 486 487 The template arg can be set to 'jinja' or another supported template 488 engine to render the command arguments before execution. 489 For example: 490 491 salt '*' cmd.run_stderr template=jinja "ls -l /tmp/{{grains.id}} | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 492 493 A string of standard input can be specified for the command to be run using 494 the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in cases where sensitive 495 information must be read from standard input. 496 497 salt '*' cmd.run_stderr "grep f" stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n' 498 499 500 cmd.run_stdout: 501 502 Execute a command, and only return the standard out 503 504 :param str cmd: The command to run. ex: ``ls -lart /home`` 505 506 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 507 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 508 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 509 510 :param str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 511 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 512 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 513 514 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 515 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 516 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 517 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 518 519 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 520 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 521 522 New in version 2016.3.0 523 524 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 525 default shell. 526 527 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 528 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 529 redirection. 530 531 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 532 533 Note: 534 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 535 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 536 537 salt myminion cmd.run_stdout 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 538 539 :param bool clean_env: Attempt to clean out all other shell environment 540 variables and set only those provided in the 'env' argument to this 541 function. 542 543 :param str prepend_path: $PATH segment to prepend (trailing ':' not necessary) 544 to $PATH 545 546 New in version 2018.3.0 547 548 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 549 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 550 mako, and wempy are supported. 551 552 :param bool rstrip: Strip all whitespace off the end of output before it is 553 returned. 554 555 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 556 557 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 558 command's output. 559 560 Note: 561 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 562 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 563 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 564 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 565 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 566 567 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 568 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 569 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 570 571 New in version 2018.3.0 572 573 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 574 the command is logged to the minion log. 575 576 Note: 577 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 578 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 579 580 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 581 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 582 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 583 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 584 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 585 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 586 587 :param bool hide_output: If ``True``, suppress stdout and stderr in the 588 return data. 589 590 Note: 591 This is separate from ``output_loglevel``, which only handles how 592 Salt logs to the minion log. 593 594 New in version 2018.3.0 595 596 :param int timeout: A timeout in seconds for the executed process to 597 return. 598 599 :param bool use_vt: Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output 600 more interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 601 602 CLI Example: 603 604 salt '*' cmd.run_stdout "ls -l | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 605 606 The template arg can be set to 'jinja' or another supported template 607 engine to render the command arguments before execution. 608 For example: 609 610 salt '*' cmd.run_stdout template=jinja "ls -l /tmp/{{grains.id}} | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 611 612 A string of standard input can be specified for the command to be run using 613 the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in cases where sensitive 614 information must be read from standard input. 615 616 salt '*' cmd.run_stdout "grep f" stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n' 617 618 619 cmd.script: 620 621 Download a script from a remote location and execute the script locally. 622 The script can be located on the salt master file server or on an HTTP/FTP 623 server. 624 625 The script will be executed directly, so it can be written in any available 626 programming language. 627 628 :param str source: The location of the script to download. If the file is 629 located on the master in the directory named spam, and is called eggs, 630 the source string is salt://spam/eggs 631 632 :param str args: String of command line args to pass to the script. Only 633 used if no args are specified as part of the `name` argument. To pass a 634 string containing spaces in YAML, you will need to doubly-quote it: 635 636 salt myminion cmd.script salt://foo.sh "arg1 'arg two' arg3" 637 638 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 639 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 640 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 641 642 :param str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 643 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 644 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 645 646 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 647 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 648 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 649 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 650 651 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 652 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 653 654 New in version 2016.3.0 655 656 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 657 default shell. 658 659 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 660 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 661 redirection. 662 663 :param bool bg: If True, run script in background and do not await or 664 deliver it's results 665 666 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 667 668 Note: 669 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 670 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 671 672 salt myminion cmd.script 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 673 674 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 675 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 676 mako, and wempy are supported. 677 678 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 679 680 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 681 command's output. 682 683 Note: 684 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 685 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 686 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 687 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 688 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 689 690 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 691 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 692 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 693 694 New in version 2018.3.0 695 696 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 697 the command is logged to the minion log. 698 699 Note: 700 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 701 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 702 703 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 704 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 705 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 706 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 707 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 708 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 709 710 :param bool hide_output: If ``True``, suppress stdout and stderr in the 711 return data. 712 713 Note: 714 This is separate from ``output_loglevel``, which only handles how 715 Salt logs to the minion log. 716 717 New in version 2018.3.0 718 719 :param int timeout: If the command has not terminated after timeout 720 seconds, send the subprocess sigterm, and if sigterm is ignored, follow 721 up with sigkill 722 723 :param bool use_vt: Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output 724 more interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 725 726 CLI Example: 727 728 salt '*' cmd.script salt://scripts/runme.sh 729 salt '*' cmd.script salt://scripts/runme.sh 'arg1 arg2 "arg 3"' 730 salt '*' cmd.script salt://scripts/windows_task.ps1 args=' -Input c:\tmp\infile.txt' shell='powershell' 731 732 733 salt '*' cmd.script salt://scripts/runme.sh stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n' 734 735 736 cmd.script_retcode: 737 738 Download a script from a remote location and execute the script locally. 739 The script can be located on the salt master file server or on an HTTP/FTP 740 server. 741 742 The script will be executed directly, so it can be written in any available 743 programming language. 744 745 The script can also be formatted as a template, the default is jinja. 746 747 Only evaluate the script return code and do not block for terminal output 748 749 :param str source: The location of the script to download. If the file is 750 located on the master in the directory named spam, and is called eggs, 751 the source string is salt://spam/eggs 752 753 :param str args: String of command line args to pass to the script. Only 754 used if no args are specified as part of the `name` argument. To pass a 755 string containing spaces in YAML, you will need to doubly-quote it: 756 "arg1 'arg two' arg3" 757 758 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 759 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 760 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 761 762 :param str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 763 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 764 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 765 766 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 767 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 768 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 769 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 770 771 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 772 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 773 774 New in version 2016.3.0 775 776 :param str shell: Specify an alternate shell. Defaults to the system's 777 default shell. 778 779 :param bool python_shell: If False, let python handle the positional 780 arguments. Set to True to use shell features, such as pipes or 781 redirection. 782 783 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 784 785 Note: 786 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 787 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 788 789 salt myminion cmd.script_retcode 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 790 791 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 792 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 793 mako, and wempy are supported. 794 795 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 796 797 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 798 command's output. 799 800 Note: 801 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 802 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 803 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 804 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 805 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 806 807 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 808 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 809 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 810 811 New in version 2018.3.0 812 813 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 814 the command is logged to the minion log. 815 816 Note: 817 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 818 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 819 820 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 821 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 822 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 823 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 824 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 825 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 826 827 :param int timeout: If the command has not terminated after timeout 828 seconds, send the subprocess sigterm, and if sigterm is ignored, follow 829 up with sigkill 830 831 :param bool use_vt: Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output 832 more interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 833 834 CLI Example: 835 836 salt '*' cmd.script_retcode salt://scripts/runme.sh 837 salt '*' cmd.script_retcode salt://scripts/runme.sh 'arg1 arg2 "arg 3"' 838 salt '*' cmd.script_retcode salt://scripts/windows_task.ps1 args=' -Input c:\tmp\infile.txt' shell='powershell' 839 840 A string of standard input can be specified for the command to be run using 841 the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in cases where sensitive 842 information must be read from standard input. 843 844 salt '*' cmd.script_retcode salt://scripts/runme.sh stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n' 845 846 847 cmd.shell: 848 849 Execute the passed command and return the output as a string. 850 851 New in version 2015.5.0 852 853 :param str cmd: The command to run. ex: ``ls -lart /home`` 854 855 :param str cwd: The directory from which to execute the command. Defaults 856 to the home directory of the user specified by ``runas`` (or the user 857 under which Salt is running if ``runas`` is not specified). 858 859 :param str stdin: A string of standard input can be specified for the 860 command to be run using the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in 861 cases where sensitive information must be read from standard input. 862 863 :param str runas: Specify an alternate user to run the command. The default 864 behavior is to run as the user under which Salt is running. If running 865 on a Windows minion you must also use the ``password`` argument, and 866 the target user account must be in the Administrators group. 867 868 :param str password: Windows only. Required when specifying ``runas``. This 869 parameter will be ignored on non-Windows platforms. 870 871 New in version 2016.3.0 872 873 :param int shell: Shell to execute under. Defaults to the system default 874 shell. 875 876 :param bool bg: If True, run command in background and do not await or 877 deliver its results 878 879 :param dict env: Environment variables to be set prior to execution. 880 881 Note: 882 When passing environment variables on the CLI, they should be 883 passed as the string representation of a dictionary. 884 885 salt myminion cmd.shell 'some command' env='{"FOO": "bar"}' 886 887 :param bool clean_env: Attempt to clean out all other shell environment 888 variables and set only those provided in the 'env' argument to this 889 function. 890 891 :param str prepend_path: $PATH segment to prepend (trailing ':' not necessary) 892 to $PATH 893 894 New in version 2018.3.0 895 896 :param str template: If this setting is applied then the named templating 897 engine will be used to render the downloaded file. Currently jinja, 898 mako, and wempy are supported. 899 900 :param bool rstrip: Strip all whitespace off the end of output before it is 901 returned. 902 903 :param str umask: The umask (in octal) to use when running the command. 904 905 :param str output_encoding: Control the encoding used to decode the 906 command's output. 907 908 Note: 909 This should not need to be used in most cases. By default, Salt 910 will try to use the encoding detected from the system locale, and 911 will fall back to UTF-8 if this fails. This should only need to be 912 used in cases where the output of the command is encoded in 913 something other than the system locale or UTF-8. 914 915 To see the encoding Salt has detected from the system locale, check 916 the `locale` line in the output of :py:func:`test.versions_report 917 <salt.modules.test.versions_report>`. 918 919 New in version 2018.3.0 920 921 :param str output_loglevel: Control the loglevel at which the output from 922 the command is logged to the minion log. 923 924 Note: 925 The command being run will still be logged at the ``debug`` 926 loglevel regardless, unless ``quiet`` is used for this value. 927 928 :param bool ignore_retcode: If the exit code of the command is nonzero, 929 this is treated as an error condition, and the output from the command 930 will be logged to the minion log. However, there are some cases where 931 programs use the return code for signaling and a nonzero exit code 932 doesn't necessarily mean failure. Pass this argument as ``True`` to 933 skip logging the output if the command has a nonzero exit code. 934 935 :param bool hide_output: If ``True``, suppress stdout and stderr in the 936 return data. 937 938 Note: 939 This is separate from ``output_loglevel``, which only handles how 940 Salt logs to the minion log. 941 942 New in version 2018.3.0 943 944 :param int timeout: A timeout in seconds for the executed process to 945 return. 946 947 :param bool use_vt: Use VT utils (saltstack) to stream the command output 948 more interactively to the console and the logs. This is experimental. 949 950 Warning: 951 952 This passes the cmd argument directly to the shell without any further 953 processing! Be absolutely sure that you have properly sanitized the 954 command passed to this function and do not use untrusted inputs. 955 956 CLI Example: 957 958 salt '*' cmd.shell "ls -l | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 959 960 The template arg can be set to 'jinja' or another supported template 961 engine to render the command arguments before execution. 962 For example: 963 964 salt '*' cmd.shell template=jinja "ls -l /tmp/{{grains.id}} | awk '/foo/{print \$2}'" 965 966 Specify an alternate shell with the shell parameter: 967 968 salt '*' cmd.shell "Get-ChildItem C:\ " shell='powershell' 969 970 A string of standard input can be specified for the command to be run using 971 the ``stdin`` parameter. This can be useful in cases where sensitive 972 information must be read from standard input. 973 974 salt '*' cmd.shell "grep f" stdin='one\ntwo\nthree\nfour\nfive\n' 975 976 If an equal sign (``=``) appears in an argument to a Salt command it is 977 interpreted as a keyword argument in the format ``key=val``. That 978 processing can be bypassed in order to pass an equal sign through to the 979 remote shell command by manually specifying the kwarg: 980 981 salt '*' cmd.shell cmd='sed -e s/=/:/g' 982 983 984 cmd.shell_info: 985 986 New in version 2016.11.0 987 988 Provides information about a shell or script languages which often use 989 ``#!``. The values returned are dependent on the shell or scripting 990 languages all return the ``installed``, ``path``, ``version``, 991 ``version_raw`` 992 993 Args: 994 shell (str): Name of the shell. Support shells/script languages include 995 bash, cmd, perl, php, powershell, python, ruby and zsh 996 997 list_modules (bool): True to list modules available to the shell. 998 Currently only lists powershell modules. 999 1000 Returns: 1001 dict: A dictionary of information about the shell 1002 1003 {'version': '<2 or 3 numeric components dot-separated>', 1004 'version_raw': '<full version string>', 1005 'path': '<full path to binary>', 1006 'installed': <True, False or None>, 1007 '<attribute>': '<attribute value>'} 1008 1009 Note: 1010 - ``installed`` is always returned, if ``None`` or ``False`` also 1011 returns error and may also return ``stdout`` for diagnostics. 1012 - ``version`` is for use in determine if a shell/script language has a 1013 particular feature set, not for package management. 1014 - The shell must be within the executable search path. 1015 1016 CLI Example: 1017 1018 salt '*' cmd.shell_info bash 1019 salt '*' cmd.shell_info powershell 1020 1021 :codeauthor: Damon Atkins <https://github.com/damon-atkins> 1022 1023 1024 cmd.shells: 1025 1026 Lists the valid shells on this system via the /etc/shells file 1027 1028 New in version 2015.5.0 1029 1030 CLI Example:: 1031 1032 salt '*' cmd.shells 1033 1034 1035 cmd.tty: 1036 1037 Echo a string to a specific tty 1038 1039 CLI Example: 1040 1041 salt '*' cmd.tty tty0 'This is a test' 1042 salt '*' cmd.tty pts3 'This is a test' 1043 1044 1045 cmd.which: 1046 1047 Returns the path of an executable available on the minion, None otherwise 1048 1049 CLI Example: 1050 1051 salt '*' cmd.which cat 1052 1053 1054 cmd.which_bin: 1055 1056 Returns the first command found in a list of commands 1057 1058 CLI Example: 1059 1060 salt '*' cmd.which_bin '[pip2, pip, pip-python]'
二、常用模块
以下这些模块都是肯定会用到的，必须要勤加练习。
2.1.1 cmd.has_exec的用法（如果可执行文件在minion上可用，则可用返回true，否则返回false）
#最后面的命令可以不加引号，但是如果遇到 ip addr这用中间有空格的命令就直接报错，建议不管命令中有没有空格都加上引号。 salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.has_exec 'ipconfig'
2.1.2 cmd.retcode的用法（在minion端执行一个shell命令并返回命令的返回码。0表示成功。0以外表示失败有问题，有提示1或者直接报错的。）。注意，后面的命令只能是linux标准的写法，例如ls -l ，要是协程ll就直接报错。
salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.retcode 'ls -l /etc/hostname'
2.1.3 cmd.run的用法（这个执行shell命令跟cmd.retcode类似，但是不同的是，cmd.run就像再本地执行一样，执行完命令直接返回信息。cmd.run_stderr意思只会在出问题的时候返回信息，如果你命令出错直接像本地一样提示。）
[root@bogon ~]# salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.run 'ls -l /etc/hostname'
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 22 Mar 9 23:47 /etc/hostname
2.1.4 cmd.script和cmd.script_retcode（从远程salt服务器或者ftp服务器或者http服务器下载脚本到本地执行）。如果想使用cmd.script命令，首先需要修改master配置文件，添加salt根目录，方法如下：
#修改方法如下，我这里把/root目录作为salt的根目录，如果多个目录可以在下面加，修改完需要重启salt-master服务。
vim /etc/salt/master
---------------------------------
file_roots:
base:
- /root/
---------------------------------
cmd.script：
首先新建一个可执行的.sh文件，如test.sh，不用给可执行权限也可以执行的。添加内容如下：
#!/bin/bash ifconfig
然后执行命令，注意，我们在配置文件中已经修改了/root就是salt的根目录，所以这里直接写脚本名字即可，不用再写绝对路径，否则会报错。
salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.script salt://test.sh
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239: ---------- pid: 1519 retcode: 0 stderr: stdout: ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.16.5.239 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.5.255 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8d:abf8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:8d:ab:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 2027 bytes 219750 (214.5 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2091 bytes 1419213 (1.3 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 device interrupt 19 base 0x2000 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback) RX packets 136 bytes 11816 (11.5 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 136 bytes 11816 (11.5 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
cmd.script_retcode:
#只返回执行状态码，0表示成功，其它表示失败 salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.script_retcode salt://test.sh
2.1.5 cmd.shell和cmd.shells（cmd.shell跟cmd.run一样，一般用cmd.run,cmd.shells是通过/ etc / shells文件列出此系统上的有效shell）：
2.1.6 cmd.which和cmd.which_bin的用法（就是查找执行文件所在的位置，which命令嘛都不陌生）
cmd.which(其实跟本地直接which ifconfig命令返回信息相同):
[root@bogon ~]# salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.which 'cat'
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
/usr/bin/cat
cmd.which_bin:
[root@bogon ~]# salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cmd.which_bin '[cat]'
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
/usr/bin/cat
2.2 cp模块的常用使用方法
2.2.1 cp.get_dir和cp.get_file的用法（就是从master端cp目录或者文件到minion端的目录，get_dir支持与get_file相同的模板和gzip参数。对应的是cp.push:，cp.push_dir:，就是把客户端的文件或者目录推送到master端的cachedir，默认为/var/cache/salt/master/minions/minion-id/files，但是这种用法是禁用状态，一般不让minion端的文件或目录发送到master端，这里只是记录一下有这种用法。）
注意：这里也需要配置master配置文件里面的salt根目录，详情见2.1.4
例子：
#salt '*' cp.get_dir salt://path/to/dir/ /minion/dest #从salt master递归复制目录到minion客户端的/minion/dest目录下面。 #salt '*' cp.get_file salt://path/to/file /minion/dest #从服务端拷贝单个文件到minion端的/minion/dest目录下面。
2.2.2 cp.get_url（用于从URL获取单个文件）
例子：
# salt '*' cp.get_url salt://cptest1/cptest1file /tmp/test #将salt://cptest1/cptest1file文件里面的内容写入到/tmp/test文件里面，每次都会覆盖里面的内容。这种就跟cp.get_file相似。不同的是复制到minion以后文件名直接变成index.html，以后直接覆盖内容，除非你执行客户端的文件名，不过后缀肯定是html。
# salt '*' cp.get_url http://www.51niux.com/?id=116 /root/test.html #如这种就把一个页面的html信息写入到了客户端的/tmp/test.html文件，切记只能是这种文本形式的文件，但是感觉这个没有什么用。这里我用到的是下载安装包，然后传给客户端，如果这样的话客户端指定路径就行，无需指定文件名。
salt '*' cp.get_url #正确用法
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' cp.get_url http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/utelnetd-0.1.9.tar.gz /root/
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
/root/utelnetd-0.1.9.tar.gz
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
/root/utelnetd-0.1.9.tar.gz
2.2.3 cp.list_master和cp.list_master_dirs的用法（这个就是查看salt master本地的file服务器又哪些文件或者目录）
salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cp.list_master salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' cp.list_master_dirs
2.3 file模块的常用使用方法
2.3.1 file.access的用法（f代表存在，rwx分别代表读、写、执行权限）还有file.file_exists、file.get_mode和file.stats的用法。
#需要后面加参数f，如果指定minion有这文件就返回True，否则False。加参数x，如果有执行权限就返回True，否则False。
[root@localhost master]# salt '*' file.access /root/test.sh f
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
True
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
True
#不要加参数，如果指定minion有指定文件就返回True,否则返回False
[root@localhost master]# salt '*' file.file_exists /root/test.sh
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
True
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
False
1 f：测试路径的存在性 2 r:测试路径的可读性 3 w:测试路径的可写性 4 x：测试路径是否可以执行
# salt '*' file.get_mode /etc/passwd #file.get_mode后面指定目录或者文件，可以查看其授权情况，如文件一般是0644，如果文件或目录不存在无信息（当然还有：file.is_blkdev检查文件是否存在并且是块设备，file.is_chrdev检查文件是否存在并且是字符设备，file.is_fifo检查文件是否存在并且是FIFO，file.is_link检查路径是否是符号链接）
# salt '*' file.stats /etc/passwd #file.stats返回一个文件或目录的统计信息，这里是返回/etc/passwd文件的统计信息（类型，时间，属组，权限等）。
科普：
1>访问时间（access time 简写为atime）
2>修改时间（modify time 简写为mtime）
3>状态修改时间(change time 简写为ctime)
1 import time 2 3 t_time = 1529463570 4 timeArray=time.localtime(t_time) 5 print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",timeArray)) 6 2018-06-20 10:59:30
2.3.2 file.append和file.write的用法（前者将内容追加到文件的末尾，后者是直接覆盖类似于echo >，但是格式跟前者一样。）
#file.append类似于>>
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.append /root/test.sh 'This is file.append test!' 'test line two'
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
#file.write类似于>,直接覆盖目标文件
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.write /root/test.sh 'This is file.append test!' 'test line two'
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
注意：如果想换行的话，每一行一个单独的引号，中间用空格隔开，就算是换行。
问题来了，如果我们输入的文件不止纯文本或者换号呢？事实也是。
案例一、
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.append /root/test.sh args='Hostname=`hostname`'
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 1 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 1 lines to "/root/test.sh"
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.append /root/test.sh args='Hostname='hostname''
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 1 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 1 lines to "/root/test.sh"
注意：上面第一个例子单引号的问题，内单引号是Esc下面的按键
案例二、
注意，在这种情况下我们需要每行并排两个的话直接用[]就行，但是如果想换行的话只需中间加一个逗号即可
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.append /root/test.sh args=['Hostname=`hostname`''rel=`cat /etc/redhat-release`']
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 1 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 1 lines to "/root/test.sh"
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.append /root/test.sh args=['Hostname=`hostname`','rel=`cat /etc/redhat-release`']
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
案例三、
这个可就NB了，之间作为变量直接给文件赋值，写法上注意最外侧的双引号。
[root@bogon ~]# salt '*' file.append /root/test.sh args="['Hostname=`hostname`','rel=`cat /etc/redhat-release`']"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.240:
Wrote 2 lines to "/root/test.sh"
总结：
1、如果添加的不是变量直接用单引号引住就行，如果需要换行，只需要每行单独用单引号引住就行，每行用空格隔开，如果中间有等号，前面需要以args开通。
2、如果添加的静态变量，值需要用Esc下面的引号。
3、如果需要多个静态变量并排，需要args=[]引住，引号里面内容写法如上2写法，中间不用逗号或空格。如果需要换号中间只需要加逗号即可。
4、如果添加的是动态变量，最外围需要用双引号。
2.3.3 file.chgrp、file.chown和file.set_mode用法（前者是更改文件的属组，中者是更改文件数的属主属组，后者是更改文件或目录的权限）
注意：
1、minion没有这个用户会提示Group does not exist，如果有提示None
2、file.chown，用户和组中间用空格隔开，加权限前面需要加0.
2.3.4 file.comment和file.comment_line的用法（注释指定内容的行，每次操作前都会更新文件名命令的.bak备份文件）
file.comment：匹配的全部注释
file.uncomment：匹配的全部取消注释
#注释 salt '*' file.comment /root/test.sh Hostname #取消注释 salt '*' file.uncomment /root/test.sh Hostname
正则匹配和指定注释符号
案例一、 #以Hostname开头，以hostname结尾，注意如果中间有=号一定要用.代表，否则报错。 salt '*' file.comment /root/test.sh Hostname.hostname #后面也可以直接跟注释符号，默认# salt '*' file.comment /root/test.sh Hostname.hostname '!!!' 案例二、 #以Host开通，点表示任意符号，*表示匹配多次。以hostname结尾。 salt '*' file.comment /root/test.sh Host.*hostname$ #你也可以后面表明用什么注释符号 salt '*' file.comment /root/test.sh Host.*hostname$ '@'
注意：
1、以什么方式注释，必须一什么方式去掉注释（注释直接在comment前加un即可）。
2、注释或消除注释，都会生成一个bak文件。你更改后最多只能反悔一次，因为bak文件只保存最后一次更改的状态。
2.3.5 file.copy用法（复制文件或目录到指定的目录下面，成功返回True，失败会有提示的。另外还有file.move，移动文件的用法。）
复制单个文件
#类似cp命令，目标必须指定文件名 salt '*' file.copy /root/test.sh /var/test.sh
复制整个目录下的文件，下面是将整个root目录下的放到/var/test/目录下
#需要加上recurse=True参数，否则报错 salt '*' file.copy /root/ /var/test/ recurse=True
复制整个目录，相当目标下没有root目录的话，直接新建，等于直接把源root整个目录连目录一起放到了/var/test/下，相当于添加。
recurse=True
salt '*' file.copy /root/ /var/test/root/ recurse=True
复制整个目录，相当目标下没有root目录的话，直接新建，等于直接把源root整个目录连目录一起放到了/var/test/下，比上面牛逼的是原来要是root目录下有东西直接给你先全部删除，再把源文件复制过来。相当于目标清楚所有，在添加。
remove_existing=True
salt '*' file.copy /root/ /var/test/root/ recurse=True remove_existing=True
2.3.6 'file.directory_exists和file.dirname的用法（前者检查一个目录是否存在，后者取文件的路径）
例： # salt "*" file.directory_exists /var/test #/var/test 目录存在就会返回True，不存在就会返回False # salt "*" file.dirname '/var/test/' #取出来的结果是/var/test/，这就是末尾加/，认为这两个都是目录，当然不管是否有这个目录 # salt "*" file.dirname '/var/test/test.sh #取出来的结果是/var/test，但如果你在test.sh后面加上/，返回结果就是/var/test/test.sh
2.3.7 file.find方法（类似于linux下面的find命令）
#salt '*' file.find / type=f name=\*.bak size=+10m #查找/目录下，文件类型为文件的（a：所有文件类型，b：块设备 ，c：字符设备，d：目录， p：FIFO（命名管道）， f：普通文件 ，l：符号链接 ，s：套接字），名称为.bak结尾的(这里支持正则表达式)，大小大于10MB的文件（b：字节，k：千字节，m：兆字节，g：GB，t：太字节也是TB）。
#salt '*' file.find /var mtime=+30d size=+10m print=path,size,mtime #这里是查找/var目录下，最后一次更改时间是30天以前（w：周,d：天,h：小时,
m：分钟,s：秒），大小大于10MB的文件，并打印文件的路径，大小，更改时间(可打印的内容有：group:组名,md5：文件内容的MD5摘要,mode：文件权限（以整数形式）,mtime：最后修改时间,name：文件基础名称,path：文件绝对路径,size：文件大小（以字节为单位）,type：文件类型,user：用户名)。
#salt '*' file.find /var/log name=\*.[0-9] mtime=+30d size=+10m delete #find的匹配条件有（name区分大小写，iname不区分大小写，type类型，user用户，group用户组，size[+-]大小，mtime修改时间，grep搜索文件内容），最后执行的动作除了delete和print，还有exec command。
2.3.8 file.get_gid、file.get_uid 和file.get_group、file.get_user的用法（前一组返回文件或目录的gid号和uid号，后一组返回文件或目录group和user）
# salt '*' file.get_user /etc #查看/etc目录的属组，如果文件或目录不存在返回ERROR: Path not found:。 # salt '*' file.get_uid /etc #查看/etc目录的属组的uid号。如果目录或者文件不存在返回ERROR: Path not found:.
2.3.9 file.grep的用法（类似于linux上面的grep命令） # salt '*' file.grep /etc/passwd nobody #过滤/ect/passwd文件中包含nobody的行。（会输出：pid:是grep运行的pid号，retcode:为状态码，0是成功过滤1为非成功过滤，stderr:错误输出，stdout:正常输出也就是我们要过滤的内容。） # salt '*' file.grep /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 ipaddr " -i" #“-i”的目的是不区分大小写,注意-i前面有空格，额外的参数之间都有空格。 #salt '*' file.grep /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 ipaddr ' -i' ' -B2' ' -A2' #-B2是上面两行，-A2指下面两行。注意，写法是，每个参数必须用单引号或双引号分开，而且每个参数开头需要用空格隔开。或者按照官方介绍下面的写法。 #salt '*' file.grep /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 ipaddr -- -i -B2 -A2 #开头用两个-- 然后每个参数前加一个-，每个参数之间用空格分开
2.3.10 file.link和file.symlink的用法（前者是创建文件的硬链接，后者是创建符号链接也就是软链接）
例：
# salt '*' file.link /tmp/1 /tmp/2 #为/tmp/1创建一个硬链接是/tmp/2，只能是文件。 #salt '*' file.symlink /tmp/1 /tmp/2 #成功返回True，失败返回ERROR
2.3.11 file.mkdir和file.makedirs方法（两种都是创建目录。前者类似于mkdir -p，后者只是madir）
成功后返回True，失败返回None，类似于mkdir -p #salt '*' file.mkdir /opt/cs/ds #成功返回True，失败返回None，类似于直接建目录mkdir #salt '*' file.makedirs /opt/cs/ds
2.3.12 file.remove、file.rmdir和file.rename用法（前者是删除文件或者目录，中间是删除目录但是目录一定要为空、后者是重命名文件或目录）
# salt '*' file.remove /opt/cs/ #删除/opt目录下面的cs目录 # salt '*' file.rmdir /opt/cs #删除/opt/cs目录，如果cs目录下面有内容会提示目录不会空删除失败提示Directory not empty，如果为空则会执行并返回True #salt '*' file.rename /opt/cs /opt/ds #将/opt下的cs目录改名为ds成功返回True，失败报错，文件和目录都可操作。
2.3.13 file.touch和file.truncate的用法
# salt '*' file.touch /opt/test #文件不存在则创建此文件，如果文件存在里面的内容不会发生变化，但是它的time信息会更新，上级目录必须存在。 # salt '*' file.truncate /opt/test 3 #将/opt/test 第三个字符以后的内容全删除掉了，字符的顺序意思是操作到右，从上到下。
#salt '*' sys.doc hosts #通过这个命令可以查看详细用法，我们生产中如果没有用内建DNS服务，使用hosts模块修改/etc/hosts还是经常会用到的。
#salt "*" hosts.add_host 172.16.5.240 salt-miniontow #添加一条host记录方便幻想解析，如果有就直接追加，如果没有就添加。 #salt '*' hosts.set_host 172,.16.5.239 foreman.puppet #感觉这个条用的比较多，他是以IP地址为准，有这个IP的解析就覆盖，没有就添加。 #salt "*" hosts.rm_host 172.16.5.239 salt-minion #删除一条172.16.5.239 salt-minion解析记录 #salt "*" hosts.get_ip salt-minion #查看name叫salt-minion的ip地址。 #salt "*" hosts.get_alias 172.16.5.239 #查看解析为172.16.5.239ip地址的name。 #salt '*' hosts.list_hosts #查看指定minion下的所有解析。 #salt '*' hosts.has_pair 172.16.5.240 salt-miniontow #查看hosts里面有没有这条解析，有返回True,没有返回False
2.5 cron模块的常用使用方法
2.5.1 cron.raw_cron的用法（cron.list_tab和cron.ls和跟其效果一样，格式也一样必须要指定某一个用户，都是显示指定用户crontab文件里面的定时任务）
# salt '*' cron.raw_cron root #必须指定用户，这里是显示root的crontab文件里面的内容，注释的行也会显示
2.5.2 cron.set_job的用法（为指定用户设置一个定时任务）
# salt '*' cron.set_job root '0' '0' '*' '*' '*' '/bin/bash /opt/scripts/scp.sh >/dev/null 2>&1' #如果'/bin/bash /opt/scripts/scp.sh >/dev/null 2>&1'这一部分存在了，那么这一步操作就是update，也就是更新前面执行crontab的时间，如果不存在，这就相当于一条添加定时任务的操作返回内容为new。
2.5.3 cron.rm_job的用法（删除指定用户指定的的定时任务）
# salt '*' cron.rm_job root '/bin/bash /opt/scripts/scp.sh >/dev/null 2>&1' #注意格式是用户 后面跟要删除的任务，不要加前面的时间，成功会返回removed，如果没有这条记录会返回absent。
2.6 network模块的常用使用方法
#salt '*' network.get_hostname #返回minion的主机名 # salt '*' network.hw_addr ens33#返回指定网络接口的mac地址 # salt '*' network.in_subnet 172.16.5.0/24 #查看主机在某个子网内就返回True,如果不在的话就返回False，多子网用空格隔开。 # salt '*' network.ip_addrs #查看minion端绑定的IP地址，多IP也会显示出来，127.0.0.1除外。（#salt '*' network.interfaces会显示所有接口的详细信息，但是别名的网卡类似于eth0:1这种不会显示。） # salt '*' network.interface_ip ens33#显示指定网卡接口上面的IP，只会显示IP不会显示其他内容。（network.interface会连网关子网掩码也显示，跟前面的salt '*' salt '*' network.ip_addrs很相似） # salt 'dasha_ceshi_172.16.5.239' network.mod_hostname minion_test #修改某一个minion的主机名，显然这一步操作只适合在初始化的时候而且不适合执行所有主机。 # salt '*' network.ping www.baidu.com return_boolean=True timeout=3 #如果不加return_boolean=True显示的是ping的结果信息，加了就是如果ping通了就返回True，ping不通就返回False。timeout=3就是ping的时间，3秒超时这样能快速返回结果。这个其实挺好用的，比如我们可以测试哪些主机的DNS设置有问题不能正常解析啊，或者是我们内网DNS指向了一个非公网的域名解析，可以通过这个看哪些主机设置了内网DNS而哪些没设置内网DNS。 #salt '*' network.subnets #返回主机所属的子网
2.7 sys模块的常用使用方法
2.7.1 sys.argspec的用法（返回Salt执行模块中函数的参数说明。对于我们后期写.sls文件很有帮助）
#salt '*' sys.argspec pkg.install #查看pkg.install函数的参数说明 #salt '*' sys.argspec sys #查看sys模块里面所有函数的规则说明，或者#salt '*' sys.argspec 'sys.*'
2.7.2 sys.doc的用法（显示模块下函数的使用文档信息类似于man帮助，前面已介绍过，多模块或者多函数之间用空格隔开）
2.7.3 sys.list_functions和sys.list_modules的用法（前者就是列出所有模块下面的函数，多模块也是用空格隔开。后者是将所有模块列出来.）
# salt '*' sys.list_functions 'sys.list_*' #可以用这种方法将所有sys.list开头的函数列出来。 # salt '*' sys.list_modules #列出所有的模块 # salt '*' sys.list_modules 's*' #列出所有以s开头的模块。
2.8 service模块的常用使用方法
#salt '*' service.available sshd #查看某个命令的服务是否可用，这里是查看sshd服务是否可用，可用返回True，不可用返回False. # salt '*' service.disable postfix #禁止某个服务开机启动，这里是禁止postfix服务开机启动，成功返回True。 # salt '*' service.disabled postfix #查看某个服务是否已经开机不启动，这里是以postfix服务为例，开机不启动返回True，否则返回False. # salt '*' service.enable postfix #设置某个服务开机启动，这里以postfix为例 # salt '*' service.enabled postfix #查看某个服务是否开机启动，这里以postfix服务为例，开机启动返回True，否则False。 # salt '*' service.get_all #查看所有的服务项 # salt '*' service.get_enabled #查看所有开机启动的服务 # salt '*' service.reload <service name> #重新加载指定名称的服务 # salt '*' service.restart <service name> #重新启动指定名称的服务 # salt '*' service.start <service name> #启动指定名称的服务 # salt '*' service.status <service name> #查看指定服务的状态，启动状态是True，关闭状态是False。 # salt '*' service.stop <service name> #关闭指定名称的服务
2.9 pkg模块的常用使用方法
2.9.1 pkg.install的用法（安装传递的包，在安装包之前，添加refresh = True来清理yum数据库。）
参数介绍：
name：要安装的软件包的名称。如果传递了“pkgs”或“sources“”此参数则会被忽略
# salt '*' pkg.install httpd #如这就相当于在minion端执行yum install httpd -y操作
# salt '*' pkg.install httpd refresh=True #如果是第一个yum的话，还是可以refresh参数，相当于yum clean all操作。
skip_verify：跳过GPG验证检查
version：安装包的特定版本
fromrepo：指定从哪个repo库来安装软件。
pkgs : 指定多个软件包，一定是要以列表传递。
#salt '*' pkg.install pkgs='["foo", "bar"]'
#salt '*' pkg.install pkgs='["foo", {"bar": "1.2.3-4.el5"}]'
sources：要安装的RPM软件包列表。 其中的键是包名称，值作为包的源URI或本地路径。
#salt '*' pkg.install sources='[{"foo": "salt://foo.rpm"}, {"bar": "salt://bar.rpm"}]'
2.9.2 pkg.latest_version的用法（更新软件包至最新版本）
#salt '*' pkg.latest_version <package name> #更新指定的软件包 #salt '*' pkg.latest_version <package name> fromrepo=epel-testing #指定repo源来更新软件包 #salt '*' pkg.latest_version <package1> <package2> <package3> ... #多个要更新的软件之间用空格隔开
2.9.3 pkg.remove的用法（删除软件的操作）
# salt '*' pkg.remove <package name> #卸载指定的软件 # salt '*' pkg.remove <package1>,<package2>,<package3> #多软件可以用空格隔开 # salt '*' pkg.remove pkgs='["foo", "bar"]' #也可以用pkgs使用python列表的形式
2.9.4 salt '*' pkg.version的用法（查看软件的版本）
# salt '*' pkg.version <package name> #查看指定软件的版本号
# salt '*' pkg.version <package1> <package2> <package3> ... #查看多软件版本号
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