Ubuntu18.04 部署LNMP环境

目录

• 换源
• 安装Apache2
• 安装Mysql
• 安装PHP
• 安装各联动模块
• 测试用例
• 若出现安装失败的情况，方法换源即可。

换源

查看ubuntu系统版本：
lsb_release -a

备份源：
sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.backup
修改sources.list文件：
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

然后选择添加以下适合自己较快的源（可自由选择，不一定要全部）：

# 阿里云源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse        

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  

#中科大源
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

最后更新系统:
sudo apt update
对于Ubuntu16.04可以替换成以下的源：

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe 
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

在安装各类软件先先更新系统：sudo apt updete

安装Apache2

在ubuntu的命令行下输入:
sudo apt install apache2
安装完成后，在浏览器中访问http://127.0.0.1,若出现一下页面则说明Apache已经运行。

Apache的常用命令

# 查看状态
sudo systemctl status apache2

# 启动/停止/重启apache2
service apache2 start/stop/restart

# 卸载apache2
sudo apt-get remove apache2

Apache的重要目录

配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf/http.cnf 
服务器的根目录：/etc/httpd 
根文档目录：/var/ww/html 
访问日志文件：/var/log/httpd/access_log 
错误日志文件：/var/lgo/httpd/error_log 
运行Apache的用户：apache 
运行Apache的组：apache 
端口：80 
模块存放路径：/usr/lib/httpd/moudules 

安装Mysql

在ubuntu的命令行下输入:
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
查看Mysql版本mysql -V
初次登录时，由于没有root密码，登录会失败。
需要重置root密码。此方法也适用于忘记root密码的情况。
更改默认密码：

1. 查看密码：sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf，从输出内容中找出password行，记下密码。
   
2. 以debian-sys-maint用户登录mysql

mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p
#输入刚刚查看到的密码

# 选择数据库
use mysql;

# 更新密码，这时设置为root，请根据实际设置
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root') where user='root' and Host ='localhost';
update user set plugin="mysql_native_password"; 

# 立即生效
flush privileges;
quit;

3. 重启mysql
   sudo service mysql restart
mysql -u root -p

启动/停止/重启mysql/查看状态
service apache2 start/stop/restart/status

安装PHP

在ubuntu的命令行下输入:sudo apt-get install php7.0
查看PHP版本：

安装各联动模块

给 Apache 加个模块，以后Apache看到用户请求 php文件的话，就会交给这个模块处理，也就是在服务器端处理完 php文件再传送给用户。
在ubuntu的命令行下输入:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.2
sudo apt-get install php7.2-mysql

测试用例

进入/var/www/html目录，创建test.php文件并写入以下代码：
`

重启apache：service apache2 restart
浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1/test.php`

若出现安装失败的情况，方法换源即可。