实验3：OpenFlow协议分析实践

一、基础要求

032002205.py拓扑文件

#!/usr/bin/env python

from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Controller, RemoteController, OVSController
from mininet.node import CPULimitedHost, Host, Node
from mininet.node import OVSKernelSwitch, UserSwitch
from mininet.node import IVSSwitch
from mininet.cli import CLI
from mininet.log import setLogLevel, info
from mininet.link import TCLink, Intf
from subprocess import call

def myNetwork():

    net = Mininet( topo=None,
                   build=False,
                   ipBase='192.168.0.0/24')

    info( '*** Adding controller\n' )
    c0=net.addController(name='c0',
                      controller=Controller,
                      protocol='tcp',
                      port=6633)

    info( '*** Add switches\n')
    s1 = net.addSwitch('s1', cls=OVSKernelSwitch)
    s2 = net.addSwitch('s2', cls=OVSKernelSwitch)

    info( '*** Add hosts\n')
    h1 = net.addHost('h1', cls=Host, ip='192.168.0.101', defaultRoute=None)
    h2 = net.addHost('h2', cls=Host, ip='192.168.0.102', defaultRoute=None)
    h3 = net.addHost('h3', cls=Host, ip='192.168.0.103', defaultRoute=None)
    h4 = net.addHost('h4', cls=Host, ip='192.168.0.104', defaultRoute=None)

    info( '*** Add links\n')
    net.addLink(s1, s2)
    net.addLink(h1, s1)
    net.addLink(h2, s1)
    net.addLink(h3, s2)
    net.addLink(s2, h4)

    info( '*** Starting network\n')
    net.build()
    info( '*** Starting controllers\n')
    for controller in net.controllers:
        controller.start()

    info( '*** Starting switches\n')
    net.get('s1').start([c0])
    net.get('s2').start([c0])

    info( '*** Post configure switches and hosts\n')

    CLI(net)
    net.stop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    myNetwork()

wireshark抓包的结果

• OFPT_HELLO
  控制器6633端口（我最高能支持OpenFlow 1.0）---> 交换机42480端口
  

  交换机42480端口（我最高能支持OpenFlow 1.5) ---> 控制器6633端口
  
  OFPT_HELLO后双方协定使用OpenFlow1.0协议。

• OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST
  控制器6633端口（我需要你的特征信息） ---> 交换机42480端口
  

• OFPT_SET_CONFIG
  控制器6633端口（请按照我给你的 flag 和 max bytes of packet 进行配置） --->交换机42480端口
  

• OFPT_PORT_STATUS
  当交换机端口发生变化时，告知控制器相应的端口状态
  

• OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY
  交换机42480端口（这是我的特征信息，请查收）--- 控制器6633端口
  

• OFPT_PACKET_IN
  分析抓取的数据包，可以发现是因为交换机发现此时自己并没有匹配的流表（Reason: No matching flow (table-miss flow entry) (0)），所以要问控制器如何处理
  

• OFPT_FLOW_MOD
  分析抓取的flow_mod数据包，控制器通过6633端口向交换机端口42480、交换机端口42486下发流表项，指导数据的转发处理。
  
  

• OFPT_PACKET_OUT
  控制器6633端口（请按照我给你的action进行处理） ---> 交换机42480端口
  

• 流程图
  

交换机与控制器建立通信时是使用TCP协议还是UDP协议？
交换机与控制器建立通信时使用TCP协议，可以在抓取的数据包中体现

二、进阶要求

-- OFPT_HELLO

/* Header on all OpenFlow packets. */
/* Header on all OpenFlow packets. */
struct ofp_header {
    uint8_t version;    /* OFP_VERSION. */
    uint8_t type;       /* One of the OFPT_ constants. */
    uint16_t length;    /* Length including this ofp_header. */
    uint32_t xid;       /* Transaction id associated with this packet.
                           Replies use the same id as was in the request
                           to facilitate pairing. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_header) == 8);

/* OFPT_HELLO.  This message has an empty body, but implementations must
 * ignore any data included in the body, to allow for future extensions. */
struct ofp_hello {
    struct ofp_header header;
};

• OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST

struct ofp_header 
{
    uint8_t version;    /* OFP_VERSION. */
    uint8_t type;       /* One of the OFPT_ constants. */
    uint16_t length;    /* Length including this ofp_header. */
    uint32_t xid;       /* Transaction id associated with this packet.
                           Replies use the same id as was in the request
                           to facilitate pairing. */
};
struct ofp_hello
{
    struct ofp_header header;
};

• OFPT_SET_CONFIG

/* Switch configuration. */
struct ofp_switch_config {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint16_t flags;             /* OFPC_* flags. */
    uint16_t miss_send_len;     /* Max bytes of new flow that datapath should
                                   send to the controller. */
};

• OFPT_PORT_STATUS

/* A physical port has changed in the datapath */
struct ofp_port_status {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint8_t reason;          /* One of OFPPR_*. */
    uint8_t pad[7];          /* Align to 64-bits. */
    struct ofp_phy_port desc;
};

• OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY

* Description of a physical port */
struct ofp_phy_port {
    uint16_t port_no;
    uint8_t hw_addr[OFP_ETH_ALEN];
    char name[OFP_MAX_PORT_NAME_LEN]; /* Null-terminated */

    uint32_t config;        /* Bitmap of OFPPC_* flags. */
    uint32_t state;         /* Bitmap of OFPPS_* flags. */

    /* Bitmaps of OFPPF_* that describe features.  All bits zeroed if
     * unsupported or unavailable. */
    uint32_t curr;          /* Current features. */
    uint32_t advertised;    /* Features being advertised by the port. */
    uint32_t supported;     /* Features supported by the port. */
    uint32_t peer;          /* Features advertised by peer. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_phy_port) == 48);

/* Switch features. */
struct ofp_switch_features {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint64_t datapath_id;   /* Datapath unique ID.  The lower 48-bits are for
                               a MAC address, while the upper 16-bits are
                               implementer-defined. */

    uint32_t n_buffers;     /* Max packets buffered at once. */

    uint8_t n_tables;       /* Number of tables supported by datapath. */
    uint8_t pad[3];         /* Align to 64-bits. */

    /* Features. */
    uint32_t capabilities;  /* Bitmap of support "ofp_capabilities". */
    uint32_t actions;       /* Bitmap of supported "ofp_action_type"s. */

    /* Port info.*/
    struct ofp_phy_port ports[0];  /* Port definitions.  The number of ports
                                      is inferred from the length field in
                                      the header. */
};

• OFPT_PACKET_IN

/* Why is this packet being sent to the controller? */
enum ofp_packet_in_reason {
    OFPR_NO_MATCH,          /* No matching flow. */
    OFPR_ACTION             /* Action explicitly output to controller. */
};

/* Packet received on port (datapath -> controller). */
struct ofp_packet_in {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t buffer_id;     /* ID assigned by datapath. */
    uint16_t total_len;     /* Full length of frame. */
    uint16_t in_port;       /* Port on which frame was received. */
    uint8_t reason;         /* Reason packet is being sent (one of OFPR_*) */
    uint8_t pad;
    uint8_t data[0];        /* Ethernet frame, halfway through 32-bit word,
                               so the IP header is 32-bit aligned.  The
                               amount of data is inferred from the length
                               field in the header.  Because of padding,
                               offsetof(struct ofp_packet_in, data) ==
                               sizeof(struct ofp_packet_in) - 2. */
};

• OFPT_FLOW_MOD

/* Fields to match against flows */
struct ofp_match {
    uint32_t wildcards;        /* Wildcard fields. */
    uint16_t in_port;          /* Input switch port. */
    uint8_t dl_src[OFP_ETH_ALEN]; /* Ethernet source address. */
    uint8_t dl_dst[OFP_ETH_ALEN]; /* Ethernet destination address. */
    uint16_t dl_vlan;          /* Input VLAN id. */
    uint8_t dl_vlan_pcp;       /* Input VLAN priority. */
    uint8_t pad1[1];           /* Align to 64-bits */
    uint16_t dl_type;          /* Ethernet frame type. */
    uint8_t nw_tos;            /* IP ToS (actually DSCP field, 6 bits). */
    uint8_t nw_proto;          /* IP protocol or lower 8 bits of
                                * ARP opcode. */
    uint8_t pad2[2];           /* Align to 64-bits */
    uint32_t nw_src;           /* IP source address. */
    uint32_t nw_dst;           /* IP destination address. */
    uint16_t tp_src;           /* TCP/UDP source port. */
    uint16_t tp_dst;           /* TCP/UDP destination port. */
};
/* Flow setup and teardown (controller -> datapath). */
struct ofp_flow_mod {
    struct ofp_header header;
    struct ofp_match match;      /* Fields to match */
    uint64_t cookie;             /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */

    /* Flow actions. */
    uint16_t command;             /* One of OFPFC_*. */
    uint16_t idle_timeout;        /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */
    uint16_t hard_timeout;        /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */
    uint16_t priority;            /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    uint32_t buffer_id;           /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).
                                     Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */
    uint16_t out_port;            /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require
                                     matching entries to include this as an
                                     output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                     indicates no restriction. */
    uint16_t flags;               /* One of OFPFF_*. */
    struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* The action length is inferred
                                            from the length field in the
                                            header. */
};

• OFPT_PACKET_OUT
  控制器6633端口（请按照我给你的action进行处理） ---> 交换机42480端口

/* Action header that is common to all actions.  The length includes the
 * header and any padding used to make the action 64-bit aligned.
 * NB: The length of an action *must* always be a multiple of eight. */
struct ofp_action_header {
    uint16_t type;                  /* One of OFPAT_*. */
    uint16_t len;                   /* Length of action, including this
                                       header.  This is the length of action,
                                       including any padding to make it
                                       64-bit aligned. */
    uint8_t pad[4];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct ofp_action_header) == 8);

/* Send packet (controller -> datapath). */
struct ofp_packet_out {
    struct ofp_header header;
    uint32_t buffer_id;           /* ID assigned by datapath (-1 if none). */
    uint16_t in_port;             /* Packet's input port (OFPP_NONE if none). */
    uint16_t actions_len;         /* Size of action array in bytes. */
    struct ofp_action_header actions[0]; /* Actions. */
    /* uint8_t data[0]; */        /* Packet data.  The length is inferred
                                     from the length field in the header.
                                     (Only meaningful if buffer_id == -1.) */
};

三、个人总结

本次实验难度有所下降，实验完成下来总体比较顺利。通过本次实验，我学会了运用 wireshark 对 OpenFlow 协议数据交互过程进行抓包，借助包解析工具分析与解释 OpenFlow协议的数据包交互过程与机制，大致了解了switch和controller之间消息交互的过程。实验过程中，我遇到一个问题，抓包时在wireshark中没有找到hello数据包，经查阅文件后发现先开启抓包再构建拓扑，如此操作后我成功抓包。实验中还有一个需要注意的点，在建立拓扑结构的时候，preferences里面的IP Base改成192.168.0.0/24。经过本次实验，我认为自己的细心程度还需要提高。