.NET中的常用接口

一 ICloneable 

说明:浅拷贝指仅拷贝值类型,深拷贝指拷贝值类型和引用类型

class Program
{
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Employee emp1 = new Employee(128, "Tim");
            emp1.HomeAddress = new Address("Guangdong", "Guangzhou", "Haizhu");
            Employee emp2 = (Employee)emp1.Clone();
           
            emp1.ShowInfo();
            emp2.ShowInfo();
            emp2.WorkNum = 200;
            emp2.Name = "Snake";
            emp2.HomeAddress.Street = "Tianhe";
            emp1.ShowInfo();
            emp2.ShowInfo();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
}

class Employee : ICloneable
{
        public int WorkNum;
        public string Name;
        public Address HomeAddress;
        public Employee(int workNum, string name)
        {
            this.WorkNum = workNum;
            this.Name = name;   
        }
        public void ShowInfo()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("WorkNum:{0} Name:{1} HomeAddres:{2} ", this.WorkNum, this.Name, this.HomeAddress);
        }
        // shallow cloning
        //public object Clone()
        //{
        //    Employee emp = new Employee(this.WorkNum, this.Name);
        //    emp.HomeAddress = this.HomeAddress;
        //    return emp;
        //}
        // deep cloning
        public object Clone()
        {
            Employee emp = new Employee(this.WorkNum, this.Name);
            emp.HomeAddress = new Address(this.HomeAddress.Province, this.HomeAddress.City, this.HomeAddress.Street);
            return emp;
        }
    }
    class Address
    {
        public string Province;
        public string City;
        public string Street;
        public Address(string province, string city, string street)
        {
            this.Province = province;
            this.City = city;
            this.Street = street;
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} {1} {2}", this.Province, this.City, this.Street);
        }
    }

二 ICompareable

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("num2 = {0}", num2.ToString());
            try
           {
                //Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo(num2));
                Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo("haha"));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IComparable
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }

        #region implement IComparable interface
        public int CompareTo(object obj)
        {
            if (obj is Complex)
            {
                Complex other = (Complex)obj;
                return this.Module().CompareTo(other.Module());
            }
            throw new ArgumentException("Object is not an Complex.");
        }
        #endregion
    }

三 ICompareableGeneric

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(3, 2);
            Complex num3 = null;
            Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("num2 = {0}", num2.ToString());
            try
            {
                //Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo(num2));
                Console.WriteLine("num1 CompareTo num2 ? {0}", num1.CompareTo(num3));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IComparable<Complex>
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }

       #region implement IComparable<Complex> generic interface
        public int CompareTo(Complex other)
        {
            if (other == null) throw new NullReferenceException();
            return this.Module().CompareTo(other.Module());
        }
        #endregion

四 IEqualable 

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(2, 3);
            Complex num3 = null;
            Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("num2 = {0}", num2.ToString());
            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("num1 Equals num2 ? {0}", num1.Equals(num2));
                Console.WriteLine("num1 Equals num2 ? {0}", num1.Equals("haha"));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IEquatable<Complex>
    {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
       {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
        }
       #region implement IEquatable<Complex> interface
        public override bool Equals(object other)
        {
            return Equals(other as Complex);
        }
        public bool Equals(Complex other)
        {
            if (other == null) return false;
            return (this.real == other.real && this.imaginary == other.imaginary);
        }
        #endregion
    }

五  IFormattable 

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(2, 3);
            try
            {
                Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0}", num1);
                Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0:N}", num1);
                Console.WriteLine("num1 = {0:X}", num1);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
    class Complex : IFormattable
   {
        public int real;
        public int imaginary;
        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }
        public double Module()
        {
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(this.real, 2) + Math.Pow(this.imaginary, 2));
        }

        #region implement IFormattable interface
       public override string ToString() ...{ return ToString(null, null); }
        public string ToString(string format, IFormatProvider fp)
        {
            // If no format is passed, display like this: x + yi
            if (format == null) return string.Format("{0} + {1}i", this.real, this.imaginary);
            // For "N" formatting, display like this: (x,y)
            if (format == "N") return string.Format("({0},{1})", this.real, this.imaginary);
           // For any unrecognized format, throw an exception.
            throw new FormatException(string.Format("Invalid format string: '{0}'.", format));
        }
        #endregion
    }

六 Destructor 

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Create();
            Console.WriteLine("After DemoClass created.");
            Console.ReadLine();
            GC.Collect();
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        static void Create()
        {
            DemoClass demo = new DemoClass();
        }
    }
    class DemoClass
    {
        public DemoClass()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Constructor is called.");
        }
        ~DemoClass()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Destructor is called.");
        }
    }

七 IDisposeable

见：正确使用IDisposable