定时任务分布式锁的简单实现
在集群环境下，若每一台机器都运行一个定时任务，会导致生产数据一致性问题，所以必须要实现一个锁。保证当时任务在同一时间段只能在一台机器上面运行。
有的同学应该已经想到分布式锁了，例如用redis或者zookeeper来实现分布式锁。
下面我介绍一种最简单的实现定时任务互斥执行的机制，那就是使用数据库乐观锁的原理。
运行环境：springMvc+quartz+mybatis
package com.test.job;
import com.test.common.constants.Constants;
import com.test.common.util.BlankUtil;
import com.test.common.util.DateUtil;
import com.test.common.dao.BaseJobConfigMapper;
import com.test.common.dao.BaseJobConfigRecordMapper;
import com.test.model.BaseJobConfig;
import com.test.model.BaseJobConfigRecord;
import com.test.utils.SpringContextUtil;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.quartz.CronTrigger;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@Component
public abstract class BaseJob extends QuartzJobBean {
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BaseJob.class);
@Autowired
private static BaseJobConfigMapper baseJobConfigMapper;
@Autowired
private static BaseJobConfigRecordMapper baseJobConfigRecordMapper;
@Autowired
private static DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager;
public static String IP_STRING = null;
static {
if (baseJobConfigMapper == null) {
baseJobConfigMapper = (BaseJobConfigMapper) SpringContextUtil.getBean("baseJobConfigMapper");
}
if (baseJobConfigRecordMapper == null) {
baseJobConfigRecordMapper = (BaseJobConfigRecordMapper) SpringContextUtil.getBean("baseJobConfigRecordMapper");
}
if (transactionManager == null) {
transactionManager = (DataSourceTransactionManager) SpringContextUtil.getBean("transactionManager");
}
try {
InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
if (!BlankUtil.isBlank(ip)) {
IP_STRING = ip.getHostAddress();
logger.info("本机地址" + IP_STRING);
}
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
/**
* Job名称
*/
public String JOB_NAME = getJobName();
/**
* 重置时间--分钟
*/
public int JOB_RESET_TIME = resetJobTime();
/**
* 要调度的具体任务
*/
@Override
@Transactional
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) {
if (!Constants.IS_DEV_MODE) {
//1、先判断JOB_NAME是否不为空，为空则结束
if (!BlankUtil.isBlank(JOB_NAME)) {
CronTrigger cTrigger = (CronTrigger) context.getTrigger();
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DateUtil.DEFAULT_DATE_TIME);
Date triggerTime = cTrigger.getPreviousFireTime();
String currentTime = format.format(triggerTime);
BaseJobConfig selectBaseJobConfig = new BaseJobConfig();
selectBaseJobConfig.setKeyName(JOB_NAME);
long numLong = baseJobConfigMapper.selectCount(selectBaseJobConfig);
//3、若是没有，则插入，状态为0(待执行)
if (numLong <= 0) {
BaseJobConfig baseJobConfig = new BaseJobConfig();
baseJobConfig.setKeyName(JOB_NAME);
//初始化触发时间是上一个小时，避免为当前时间时，被误认为已经跑过
baseJobConfig.setSchedulePreTime(DateUtil.getDateByDifferHours(triggerTime, -1));
baseJobConfig.setCreateTime(new Date());
baseJobConfig.setState(0);
baseJobConfigMapper.insert(baseJobConfig);
}
int numInt = 0;
//30分钟未执行完,则重置状态
numInt = baseJobConfigMapper.updateBaseJobConfigStatusByTimeOut(JOB_NAME, JOB_RESET_TIME);
logger.info("[baseJob.doJob]job.key.resertjobName=" + JOB_NAME + "，num=" + numInt);
//有状态为0的待执行数据,则将状态修改为1(执行中)
numInt = baseJobConfigMapper.updateBaseJobConfigStatusAtStartTime(JOB_NAME, currentTime);
if (numInt > 0) {
DefaultTransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
def.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
Date startTime = new Date();
//执行业务逻辑
try {
logger.info("[baseJob.doJob]执行开始jobName=" + JOB_NAME);
jobExecute();
transactionManager.commit(status);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
transactionManager.rollback(status);
} finally {
//5、业务逻辑执行完后，将状态修改为0
numInt = baseJobConfigMapper.updateBaseJobConfigStatusAtEndTime(JOB_NAME, currentTime);
if (numInt <= 0) {
logger.error("[baseJob.doJob]active update error jobName=" + JOB_NAME);
}
Date endTime = new Date();
//记录定时任务运行情况
recordBaseJob(JOB_NAME, triggerTime, startTime, endTime, (endTime.getTime() - startTime.getTime()), IP_STRING);
logger.info("[baseJob.doJob]执行结束jobName=" + JOB_NAME + "------" + (endTime.getTime() - startTime.getTime()));
}
}
} else {
logger.error("[baseJob.doJob]JOB_NAME is null");
}
}
}
public abstract void jobExecute() throws Exception;
public abstract String getJobName();
public int resetJobTime() {
return 30;
}
/**
* 功能描述：
* 记录任务运行情况
*
*/
private void recordBaseJob(String keyName, Date triggerTime, Date startTime, Date endTime, Long costTime, String ip) {
try {
BaseJobConfigRecord baseJobConfigRecord = new BaseJobConfigRecord();
baseJobConfigRecord.setKeyName(keyName);
baseJobConfigRecord.setTriggerTime(triggerTime);
baseJobConfigRecord.setStartTime(startTime);
baseJobConfigRecord.setEndTime(endTime);
baseJobConfigRecord.setCostTime(costTime);
baseJobConfigRecord.setIp(ip);
baseJobConfigRecord.setCreateTime(new Date());
baseJobConfigRecordMapper.insert(baseJobConfigRecord);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
定时任务实现类只需要继承baseJob，实现jobExecute方法即可实现定时任务互斥执行，如下：
package com.test.job;
import com.test.job.BaseJob;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
/**
* 功能描述：
* 测试定时任务
*/
public class TestJob extends BaseJob {
private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TestJob.class);
@Override
public void jobExecute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("测试定时任务");
}
@Override
public String getJobName() {
return "TestJob";
}
}
spring.xml添加如下配置：
<!-- 定时任务注解配置 --> <task:annotation-driven scheduler="scheduler" mode="proxy"/> <task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="10"/>
spring-job.xml添加如下配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="trigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> <property name="triggers"> <list> <ref bean="testJobCronTriggerBean"/> </list> </property> </bean> <!--测试任务 start--> <bean id="testJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean"> <property name="jobClass" value="com.test.job.TestJob"/> <property name="durability" value="true"/> </bean> <bean id="testJobCronTriggerBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean"> <property name="jobDetail" ref="testJobDetail"/> <property name="cronExpression" value="0 0/1 * * * ?"/> </bean> <!--测试任务 end--> </beans>
mybatis相关代码如下：
package com.test.common.dao; import com.test.model.BaseJobConfig; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper; public interface BaseJobConfigMapper extends Mapper<BaseJobConfig> { int updateBaseJobConfigStatusByTimeOut(@Param("keyName") String keyName, @Param("resetTime") Integer resetTime); int updateBaseJobConfigStatusAtStartTime(@Param("keyName") String keyName, @Param("schedulePreTime") String schedulePreTime); int updateBaseJobConfigStatusAtEndTime(@Param("keyName") String keyName, @Param("schedulePreTime") String schedulePreTime); }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.test.common.dao.BaseJobConfigMapper"> <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.test.model.BaseJobConfig"> <!-- WARNING - @mbg.generated --> <id column="key_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="keyName" /> <result column="key_value" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="keyValue" /> <result column="schedule_pre_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="schedulePreTime" /> <result column="actual_pre_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="actualPreTime" /> <result column="state" jdbcType="TINYINT" property="state" /> <result column="create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="createTime" /> </resultMap> <!-- 运行超时，重置状态 --> <update id="updateBaseJobConfigStatusByTimeOut"> <![CDATA[ update basejob_config set state = 0 where key_name = #{keyName} and state = 1 and actual_pre_time < DATE_SUB(now(), INTERVAL #{resetTime} MINUTE) ]]> </update> <!-- 定时任务运行开始更新互斥状态 --> <update id="updateBaseJobConfigStatusAtStartTime"> <![CDATA[ update basejob_config set state = 1,actual_pre_time = now(),schedule_pre_time = #{schedulePreTime} where key_name = #{keyName} and state = 0 and schedule_pre_time != #{schedulePreTime} ]]> </update> <!-- 定时任务运行结束后更新互斥状态 --> <update id="updateBaseJobConfigStatusAtEndTime"> <![CDATA[ update basejob_config set state = 0 where key_name = #{keyName} and state = 1 and schedule_pre_time = #{schedulePreTime} ]]> </update> </mapper>
数据库表设计：
CREATE TABLE `basejob_config` ( `key_name` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '参数code', `key_value` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '参数值', `schedule_pre_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '上一次计划运行时间', `actual_pre_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '上一次实际执行时间', `state` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '状态--1代表正在执行0代表等待执行', `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', PRIMARY KEY (`key_name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='baseJob配置表'; CREATE TABLE `basejob_config_record` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键', `key_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '定时任务名称', `trigger_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '定时任务计划触发时间', `start_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '定时任务开始时间', `end_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '定时任务结束时间', `cost_time` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '耗时', `ip` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '运行服务器IP', `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx_basejob_config_record_key_name` (`key_name`) USING BTREE, KEY `idx_basejob_config_record_trigger_time` (`trigger_time`) USING BTREE, KEY `idx_basejob_config_record_start_time` (`start_time`) USING BTREE, KEY `idx_basejob_config_record_end_time` (`end_time`) USING BTREE, KEY `idx_basejob_config_record_create_time` (`create_time`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='定时任务运行记录表';
原理就是利用数据库乐观锁对数据库行记录进行update，若能update成功，则证明服务器抢到一个锁，则执行定时任务，update不成功的服务器，则直接退出，这样一个简单的定时任务分布式锁就实现了。
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