SpringBoot中@EventListener注解的使用

对于 Spring 容器的一些事件,能够监听而且触发相应的方法。一般的方法有 2 种,ApplicationListener 接口和@EventListener 注解。spring

简介

要想顺利的建立监听器,并起做用,这个过程当中须要这样几个角色:
一、事件(event)能够封装和传递监听器中要处理的参数,如对象或字符串,并做为监听器中监听的目标。
二、监听器(listener)具体根据事件发生的业务处理模块,这里能够接收处理事件中封装的对象或字符串。
三、事件发布者(publisher)事件发生的触发者。shell

ApplicationListener 接口

ApplicationListener 接口的定义以下:设计模式

public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener {
 
/**
* Handle an application event.
* @param event the event to respond to
*/
void onApplicationEvent(E event);
}

 

 

它是一个泛型接口,泛型的类型必须是 ApplicationEvent 及其子类,只要实现了这个接口,那么当容器有相应的事件触发时,就能触发 onApplicationEvent 方法。ApplicationEvent 类的子类有不少,Spring 框架自带的以下几个。tomcat

image-20210124212323839

简单使用

使用方法很简单,就是实现一个 ApplicationListener 接口,而且将加入到容器中就行。springboot

@Component
public class MyApplicationListener implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent> {
 
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
  System.out.println("事件触发:"+event.getClass().getName());
}

 

 

而后启动本身的springboot项目:app

@SpringBootApplication
public class ApplicationListenerDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ApplicationListenerDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

 

 

能够看到控制台输出:框架

事件触发:org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent
2021-01-24 22:09:20.113  INFO 9228 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
事件触发:org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerInitializedEvent
2021-01-24 22:09:20.116  INFO 9228 --- [           main] c.n.ApplicationListenerDemoApplication   : Started ApplicationListenerDemoApplication in 1.221 seconds (JVM running for 1.903)
事件触发:org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartedEvent
事件触发:org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationReadyEvent

这样就触发了spring默认的一些事件。ide

自定义事件以及监听

定义事件

首先,咱们须要定义一个时间(MyTestEvent),须要继承Spring的ApplicationEvent

public class MyTestEvent extends ApplicationEvent{
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private String msg ;

    public MyTestEvent(Object source,String msg) {
        super(source);
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}

 

 

定义监听器

须要定义一下监听器,本身定义的监听器须要实现ApplicationListener,同时泛型参数要加上本身要监听的事件Class名,在重写的方法onApplicationEvent中,添加本身的业务处理:

@Component
public class MyNoAnnotationListener implements ApplicationListener<MyTestEvent> {

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(MyTestEvent event) {
        System.out.println("非注解监听器:" + event.getMsg());
    }

}

 

 

事件发布

有了事件,有了事件监听者,那么何时触发这个事件呢?每次想让监听器收到事件通知的时候,就能够调用一下事件发布的操做。首先在类里自动注入了ApplicationEventPublisher,这个也就是咱们的ApplicationCOntext,它实现了这个接口。

@Component
public class MyTestEventPubLisher {
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;

    /**
     *  事件发布方法
      */
    public void pushListener(String msg) {
        applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new MyTestEvent(this, msg));
    }

}

 

 

测试

用一个HTTP请求来模拟:

@RestController
public class TestEventListenerController {

    @Autowired
    private MyTestEventPubLisher publisher;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/test/testPublishEvent1" )
    public void testPublishEvent(){
        publisher.pushListener("我来了!");
    }
}

 

 

启动项目,能够看到控制台输出,测试完成:

事件触发:com.njit.personal.unannotation.MyTestEvent
非注解监听器:我来了!

@EventListener 注解

简单使用

除了经过实现接口,还可使用@EventListener 注解,实现对任意的方法都能监听事件。

在任意方法上标注@EventListener 注解,指定 classes,即须要处理的事件类型,通常就是 ApplicationEven 及其子类,能够设置多项。

@Configuration
public class Config {
    @EventListener(classes = {ApplicationEvent.class})
    public void listen(ApplicationEvent event) {
        System.out.println("事件触发:" + event.getClass().getName());
    }
}

 

启动项目

能够看到控制台和以前的输出是同样的:

事件触发:org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent
2021-01-24 22:39:13.647  INFO 16072 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
事件触发:org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerInitializedEvent
2021-01-24 22:39:13.650  INFO 16072 --- [           main] c.n.ApplicationListenerDemoApplication   : Started ApplicationListenerDemoApplication in 1.316 seconds (JVM running for 2.504)
事件触发:org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationStartedEvent
事件触发:org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationReadyEvent

自定义事件以及监听

使用注解的好处是不用每次都去实现ApplicationListener,能够在一个class中定义多个方法,用@EventListener来作方法级别的注解。

和上面相似,事件以及事件发布不须要改变,只要这样定义监听器便可。

@Component
public class MyAnnotationListener {

    @EventListener
    public void listener1(MyTestEvent event) {
        System.out.println("注解监听器1:" + event.getMsg());
    }
}

 

此时,就能够有一个发布,两个监听器监听到发布的消息了,一个是注解方式,一个是非注解方式

结果:

事件触发:com.njit.personal.unannotation.MyTestEvent
注解监听器1:我来了!
非注解监听器:我来了!

咱们能够发现,注解形式的监听器的执行走在了非注解的前面。

原理

其实上面添加@EventListener注解的方法被包装成了ApplicationListener对象,上面的相似于下面这种写法,这个应该比较好理解。

@Component
public class MyAnnotationListener implements ApplicationListener<MyTestEvent> {
    
    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(MyTestEvent event) {
         System.out.println("注解监听器1:" + event.getMsg());
    }
}

那么Spring是何时作这件事的呢?

查看SpringBoot的源码,找到下面的代码,由于我是Tomcat环境,这里建立的ApplicationContextorg.springframework.bootweb.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext

protected ConfigurableApplicationContext createApplicationContext() {
        Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
        if (contextClass == null) {
            try {
                switch (this.webApplicationType) {
                case SERVLET:
                    contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                    break;
                case REACTIVE:
                    contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                    break;
                default:
                    contextClass = Class.forName(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
                }
            }
            catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(
                        "Unable create a default ApplicationContext, " + "please specify an ApplicationContextClass",
                        ex);
            }
        }
        return (ConfigurableApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
    }

他的构造方法以下:

public AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext() {
        this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
        this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
    }

进到AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader里面

public AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Environment environment) {
        Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");
        Assert.notNull(environment, "Environment must not be null");
        this.registry = registry;
        this.conditionEvaluator = new ConditionEvaluator(registry, environment, null);
        AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry);
    }

再进到AnnotationConfigUtils的方法里面,省略了一部分代码,能够看到他注册了一个EventListenerMethodProcessor类到工厂了。这是一个BeanFactory的后置处理器。

public static Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {

        DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = unwrapDefaultListableBeanFactory(registry);
    ......
    .....
    ......    

    if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
            RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(EventListenerMethodProcessor.class);
            def.setSource(source);
            beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, EVENT_LISTENER_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
        }
    
    ......
    ......

        return beanDefs;
    }

查看这个BeanFactory的后置处理器EventListenerMethodProcessor,下面方法,他会遍历全部bean,找到其中带有@EventListener的方法,将它包装成ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter,注册到工厂里,这样就成功注册到Spring的监听系统里了。

@Override
    public void afterSingletonsInstantiated() {
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.beanFactory;
        Assert.state(this.beanFactory != null, "No ConfigurableListableBeanFactory set");
        String[] beanNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(Object.class);
        for (String beanName : beanNames) {
            if (!ScopedProxyUtils.isScopedTarget(beanName)) {
                Class<?> type = null;
                try {
                    type = AutoProxyUtils.determineTargetClass(beanFactory, beanName);
                }
                catch (Throwable ex) {
                    // An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        logger.debug("Could not resolve target class for bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                    }
                }
                if (type != null) {
                    if (ScopedObject.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
                        try {
                            Class<?> targetClass = AutoProxyUtils.determineTargetClass(
                                    beanFactory, ScopedProxyUtils.getTargetBeanName(beanName));
                            if (targetClass != null) {
                                type = targetClass;
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Throwable ex) {
                            // An invalid scoped proxy arrangement - let's ignore it.
                            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                                logger.debug("Could not resolve target bean for scoped proxy '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    try {
                        processBean(beanName, type);
                    }
                    catch (Throwable ex) {
                        throw new BeanInitializationException("Failed to process @EventListener " +
                                "annotation on bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }




private void processBean(final String beanName, final Class<?> targetType) {
        if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(targetType) &&
                !targetType.getName().startsWith("java") &&
                !isSpringContainerClass(targetType)) {

            Map<Method, EventListener> annotatedMethods = null;
            try {
                annotatedMethods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(targetType,
                        (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<EventListener>) method ->
                                AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, EventListener.class));
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                // An unresolvable type in a method signature, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Could not resolve methods for bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                }
            }

            if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(annotatedMethods)) {
                this.nonAnnotatedClasses.add(targetType);
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("No @EventListener annotations found on bean class: " + targetType.getName());
                }
            }
            else {
                // Non-empty set of methods
                ConfigurableApplicationContext context = this.applicationContext;
                Assert.state(context != null, "No ApplicationContext set");
                List<EventListenerFactory> factories = this.eventListenerFactories;
                Assert.state(factories != null, "EventListenerFactory List not initialized");
                for (Method method : annotatedMethods.keySet()) {
                    for (EventListenerFactory factory : factories) {
                        if (factory.supportsMethod(method)) {
                            Method methodToUse = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, context.getType(beanName));
                            ApplicationListener<?> applicationListener =
                                    factory.createApplicationListener(beanName, targetType, methodToUse);
                            if (applicationListener instanceof ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) {
                                ((ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) applicationListener).init(context, this.evaluator);
                            }
                            context.addApplicationListener(applicationListener);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug(annotatedMethods.size() + " @EventListener methods processed on bean '" +
                            beanName + "': " + annotatedMethods);
                }
            }
        }
    }

 

 

由方法生成Listener的逻辑由EventListenerFactory完成的,这又分为两种,一种是普通的@EventLintener 另外一种是@TransactionalEventListener ,是由两个工厂处理的。

总结

上面介绍了@EventListener的原理,其实上面方法里还有一个@TransactionalEventListener注解,其实原理是如出一辙的,只是这个监听者能够选择在事务完成后才会被执行,事务执行失败就不会被执行。

这两个注解的逻辑是如出一辙的,而且@TransactionalEventListener自己就被标记有@EventListener

只是最后生成监听器时所用的工厂不同而已。

posted @ 2022-10-06 23:22  桃花雪  阅读(664)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报