28-DRF框架-搭建环境开发restful接口

# 将程序中的一个数据结构类型转换为其他格式（字典、JSON、XML等），例如将Django中的模型类对象装换为JSON字符串，这个转换过程我们称为序列化
# 将其他格式（字典、JSON、XML等）转换为程序中的数据，例如将JSON字符串转换为Django中的模型类对象，这个过程我们称为反序列化

django开发rest接口

# 获取所有图书信息接口   GET /tushu/

# 增加图书              POST /tushu/
      参数为json格式
      状态码 201
      成功返回增加的数据内容



# /tushu/3/ 路径上有参数
    查询单个  GET
    修改某条数据  PUT
    删除某条数据   DELETE

# 新建tushu模型表 models.py
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.db.models import Model


class TuShu(Model):
    tid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True, verbose_name="图书id")

    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="图书名称")
    riqi = models.DateField(null=True, verbose_name="上架日期")
    count = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="数量")
    id_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否删除")

    class Meta:
        db_table = "tushu"
        verbose_name = "图书"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


'''
python manage.py makemigrations # 根据模型类生成建表的语句
python manage.py migrate        # 创建表
'''

# 创建视图函数
import json

from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.views import View

from tushu.models import TuShu

'''
GET /tushu/  /tushu2/2/
POST /tushu/
PUT  /tushu/2/
DELETE /tushu/2/
'''


class TuShuView(View):
    # 查询所有
    def get(self, request):
        # 所有图书 结果集
        qset = TuShu.objects.all()
        # 转成json字典格式,序列化操作
        list = []
        for q in qset:
            list.append({
                "tid": q.tid,
                "name": q.name,
                "riqi": q.name,
                "count": q.count,
                "is_delete": q.id_delete
            })
        dict = {"code": 0, "error": "返回成功", "list": list}
        return JsonResponse(data=dict,safe=False)  # safe=False:关闭校验字典格式的安全模式

    def post(self, request):
        # 1. 参数转成字典格式
        data = json.loads(request.body)
        print("---------data=", data)
        # 2. 参数校验

        # 3. 添加数据
        q = TuShu.objects.create(name=data.get("name"), riqi=data.get("riqi"),
                                 count=data.get("count"), id_delete=data.get("id_delete"))

        # 规范要求 增加成功之后返回增加的数据对象 状态码为201:已创建
        return JsonResponse(data={
            "tid": q.tid,
            "name": q.name,
            "riqi": q.riqi,
            "count": q.count,
            "id_delete": q.id_delete

        }, status=201)  # safe=False


class TuShuView2(View):
    # 查询单个图书接口
    def get(self, request, tid):
        try:
            q = TuShu.objects.get(tid=tid)
        except Exception:
            return JsonResponse(data={}, status=404)

        return JsonResponse(data={
            "tid": q.tid,
            "name": q.name,
            "riqi": q.riqi,
            "count": q.count,
            "id_delete": q.id_delete

        }, )

    # 修改信息
    def put(self, request, tid):
        try:
            q = TuShu.objects.get(tid=tid)
        except Exception:
            return JsonResponse(data={}, status=404)

        # 获取请求参数
        data = json.loads(request.body)
        q.name = data.get("name")
        q.riqi = data.get("riqi")
        q.count = data.get("count")
        q.id_delete = data.get("id_delete")
        # 保存
        q.save()

        return JsonResponse(data={
            "tid": q.tid,
            "name": q.name,
            "riqi": q.riqi,
            "count": q.count,
            "id_delete": q.id_delete

        }, status=201)

    # 根据tid删除
    def delete(self, request, tid):
        try:
            q = TuShu.objects.get(tid=tid)
        except Exception:
            return JsonResponse(data={}, status=404)

        # 执行删除
        q.delete()
        # return JsonResponse(status=204) # JsonResponse需要data参数
        # 删除成功后,要求返回空白文档 状态204
        return HttpResponse(status=204)

# 创建路由
urlpatterns = [
    # 用于get所有,post增加
    path('tushu/', TuShuView.as_view()),

    # 用于get查找, put修改,delete删除
    path('tushu/<tid>/', TuShuView2.as_view()),
]