Pytest 2 - pytest 选项详解

pytest有很多选项，可以帮助我们运行心目中指定的测试用例。

假设已经存在以下文件:

ch1/test_one.py

/test_two.py

/test_three.py

/test_four.py

内容如下：

test_one.py

def test_passing():
    assert (1,2,3) == (1,2,3)

test_two.py

def test_failed():
    assert (1,2,3) == (3,2,1)

test_three.py

"""
Test the Task data type.
"""

from collections import namedtuple

Task = namedtuple("Task", ['Summary', 'owner', 'done', 'id'])
Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None )

def test_default():
    """Useing no parameters should invoke defaults"""
    t1 = Task()
    t2 = (None, None, False, None)
    assert t1 == t2

def test_member_access():
    """Check .field functionality of namedtuple"""
    t= Task('buy milk','brian')
    assert t.Summary == 'buy milk'
    assert t.owner == 'brian'
    assert (t.done, t.id) == (False, None)

test_four.py

"""
Test the Task data type.
"""

from collections import namedtuple

Task = namedtuple("Task", ['Summary', 'owner', 'done', 'id'])
Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None )

def test_default():
    """Useing no parameters should invoke defaults"""
    t1 = Task()
    t2 = (None, None, False, None)
    assert t1 == t2

def test_member_access():
    """Check .field functionality of namedtuple"""
    t= Task('buy milk','brian')
    assert t.Summary == 'buy milk'
    assert t.owner == 'brian'
    assert (t.done, t.id) == (False, None)

使用命令行选项

1. pytest -- help 查看全部选项

2. -v选项，查看运行详情

(1) 带 -v时：

(2) 带 -v时：

3. --collect-only 选项，可以在真正运行用例之前使用此命令，来查看将要运行的用例是否正确。

4. -k 匹配表达式来只运行和表达式匹配的用例，包括文件名及用例方法的匹配。

(1) 匹配文件名：pytest -k four

(2) 匹配方法名：pytest -k asdict

(3)匹配多个条件 or: pytest -k "asdict or replace"

(4)匹配多个条件 and: pytest -k "asdict and replace"

5. -m 选项(marker标记)，用于标记测试并分组，以便迅速选中并运行。以test_replace()和test_member_access()为例。他们不再一个文件里，但如果希望同时选中它们，可以先做好标记。

-m 运行文件中标记过pytest.mark.XXX 中的XXX符合的用例
-m "mark1 and mark2" 用于运行两个标记都满足的用例
-m "mark1 or mark2" 用于运行两个标记满足其一的用例

(1) 更改测试用例装饰器

　　　　a. 将test_three.py内容改为

"""
Test the Task data type.
"""

from collections import namedtuple
import pytest  # 新增

Task = namedtuple("Task", ['Summary', 'owner', 'done', 'id'])
Task.__new__.__defaults__ = (None, None, False, None )

def test_default():
    """Useing no parameters should invoke defaults"""
    t1 = Task()
    t2 = (None, None, False, None)
    assert t1 == t2

@pytest.mark.run_thest_please  # 新增
def test_member_access():
    """Check .field functionality of namedtuple"""
    t= Task('buy milk','brian')
    assert t.Summary == 'buy milk'
    assert t.owner == 'brian'
    assert (t.done, t.id) == (False, None)

　　　　b. test_four.py文件内容更改为

"""
Test the Task data type.
"""

from collections import namedtuple
import pytest  #新增

Task = namedtuple('Task',['Summary', 'owner', 'done', 'id'])
Task.__new__.__defaults__=(None, None, False, None)

def test_asdict():
    """_asdict() should return a dictionary"""
    t_task = Task('do something', 'okken', True, 21)
    t_dict = t_task._asdict()
    expected = {'Summary': 'do something', 'owner': 'okken', 'done': True, 'id': 21}
    assert t_dict == expected


@pytest.mark.run_these_please  #新增
def test_replace():
    """_replace() should change passed in fields"""
    t_before = Task('finished book', 'brian', False)
    t_after = t_before._replace(id=21, done=True)
    t_expected = ('finished book', 'brian', True, 21)
    assert  t_after == t_expected