GUI编程
GUI编程
组件
- 窗口
- 弹窗
- 面板
- 文本框
- 列表框
- 按钮
- 图片
- 监听事件
- 鼠标
- 键盘事件
- 外挂
- 破解工具
1 简介
Gui的核心技术：Swing AWT，快淘汰了。
- 因为界面不美观。
- 需要jre环境！
学习GUI为MVC架构、监听器做准备
- 写出一些小工具
- 工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率极小！
- 了解MVC架构，了解监听！
2 AWT （Abstract Windows Tools）
2.1 Awt介绍
new 类！
EClipse：使用Java编写
- 包含了很多的类和接口！GUI：图形用户界面接口编程
- 元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
- java.awt
![image]()
2.2 组件和容器
1 Frame
TestFrame.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame,JDK或看源码！
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200, 200);
//设置窗口大小 w宽 h高
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(29, 125, 147));
//需要设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
问题：窗口无法关闭，停止Java程序可关闭。
封装自己的类
TestFrame2.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, C.
olor.pink);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
}
}
//封装
class MyFrame extends Frame {
static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口，需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x, y, w, h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2 面板Panel
解决了关闭事件！
TestPanel.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//Panel 可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("框架与面板");
//布局的概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
//panel设置坐标，相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
//frame.add(panel),Panel extends Container , Container extends Component 看源码！
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式：
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭时要做的事
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
点击×即可关闭窗口
2.3 布局管理器
- 流式布局（从左到右）
TestFlowLayout.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//组件-按钮
Button button1 = new Button("button1");
Button button2 = new Button("button2");
Button button3 = new Button("button3");
//设置为流式布局
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
//frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
frame.setSize(200, 200);
//把按钮添加上去
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 东西南北中
TestBorderLayout.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestBorderLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
Button east = new Button("East");
Button west = new Button("West");
Button south = new Button("South");
Button north = new Button("North");
Button center = new Button("Center");
frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- 表格布局
TestGridLayout.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数！自动设置最优布局
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
1 课堂练习
思路：
拆分：
ExDemo.java
package com.kazesan.gui01;
import javax.swing.border.Border;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
//练习demo
public class ExDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//总 Frame
Frame frame = new Frame("课堂练习");
frame.setSize(400, 300);
frame.setLocation(300, 400);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));//2行1列表格
//4个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上半部分
p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下半部分
p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中间4个按钮
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2 总结
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
- 布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
- 大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！
2.4 事件监听
事件监听：当某个事情发生的时候，干什么？
TestActionEvent.java
package com.kazesan.gui02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮，触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button("btn-1");
//因为addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener，所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
多个按钮，共享一个事件
package com.kazesan.gui02;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionEvent02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮，实现同一个监听
// 开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则返回label
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
// if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
//
// }
}
}
2.5 输入框TextField监听
TestText01.java
package com.kazesan.gui02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动！
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter，就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
field.setText("");//null为对象，""为字符串
}
}
2.6 简易计算器，组合，内部类回顾复习
oop原则：组合，大于继承！
组合
class A{
public B b;
}
简易计算器
面向过程思想
TestCalc.java
package com.kazesan.gui02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3 个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//列，最大可填字符(字符数）
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);
//1 个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1 个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());//String转Int，使用包装类
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2. 将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3. 清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
面向对象编程：类，属性，方法
类的组合思想
优化代码（组合）
完全改造为面向对象写法
TestCalc02.java
package com.kazesan.gui02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator2().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator2 extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//1.所有组件
num1 = new TextField(10);//列，最大可填字符(字符数）
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
//2.添加组件所需监听器
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener2(this));
//3.布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener2 implements ActionListener{
//获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类
Calculator2 calculator2 = null;
public MyCalculatorListener2(Calculator2 calculator2){
this.calculator2 = calculator2;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 获得加数和被加数
//2. 将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
//3. 清除前两个框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator2.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator2.num2.getText());
calculator2.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
calculator2.num1.setText("");
calculator2.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类思想
内部类：
- 更好的包装
TestCalc03.java
package com.kazesan.gui02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator2().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator3 extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//1.所有组件
num1 = new TextField(10);//列，最大可填字符(字符数）
num2 = new TextField(10);
num3 = new TextField(20);
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
//2.添加组件所需监听器
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener3());
//3.布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听器类
//内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法！
private class MyCalculatorListener3 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 获得加数和被加数
//2. 将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
//3. 清除前两个框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7 画笔
TestPaint.java
package com.kazesan.gui03;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200, 200, 600, 500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//super.paint(g);
//画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心的圆
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(150, 200, 200, 200);
//养成习惯，画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色（黑色）
}
}
2.8 鼠标监听
目的：想要实现鼠标画画！
TestMouseListener.java
package com.kazesan.gui03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
//画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;//提升作用域
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器，正对于这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画，监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
//使用迭代器遍历
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point)iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式，MouseListener是一个接口，为避免重写所有方法，使用适配器模式
//内部类
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
//鼠标 按下 弹起 按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame)e.getSource();
//这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点!
//这个点就是鼠标的点；
myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
myFrame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9 窗口监听
内部类写法
TestWindow.java
package com.kazesan.gui03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
setVisible(true);
addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
}
class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
System.exit(0);//正常退出
}
}
}
推荐写法：匿名内部类
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
setVisible(true);
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("你点击了×");
}
}
);
}
}
常用窗口监听：
- 关闭窗口
- 激活窗口
package com.kazesan.gui03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.BLUE);
setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame)e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
}
);
}
}
2.10 键盘监听
TestKeyListener.java
package com.kazesan.gui03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键盘
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame {
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘按下的键是哪一个,getKeyCode()，当前的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性 例：VK_xxx
System.out.println(keyCode);
if (keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上键");
}
//根据按下不同操作，产生不同结果
}
});
}
}
3 Swing
3.1 窗口、面板
JFrameDemo.java
package com.kazesan.gui04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init(); 初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jFrame.setVisible(true);
jFrame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
jFrame.setBackground(Color.blue);//没有颜色，通过容器设置
//设置文字
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("嗨~");
jFrame.add(jLabel);
//让文本标签居中
//jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(0);
//获得一个容器
Container container = jFrame.getContentPane();
container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
//关闭事件
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
3.2 弹窗
JDialog默认有关闭事件
DialogDemo.java
package com.kazesan.gui04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700, 500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西，容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton jButton = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建
jButton.setBounds(30, 30, 200, 50);
//点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(jButton);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo() {
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
//this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("菜鸽子流泪学Java"));
}
}
3.3 标签
label
newLabel("xxx");
图标ICON
package com.kazesan.gui04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标，需要实现类，JFrame
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){}//无参构造
public IconDemo(int width, int height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
//图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(jLabel);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
图片Icon
package com.kazesan.gui04;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo() {
//获取图片的地址
JLabel jlabel = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("20220703.jpg");//获取当前类同级目录下资源
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);//命名忌重名
jlabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
jlabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(jlabel);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
3.4 面板
JpanelDemo.java
package com.kazesan.gui05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//hgap,vgap：间距
JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));
JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));
JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
container.add(jPanel1);
container.add(jPanel2);
container.add(jPanel3);
container.add(jPanel4);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
带滚动条的面板
JScrollPanel.java
package com.kazesan.gui05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
textArea.setText("欢迎踏入Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
3.5 按钮
图片按钮
JButtonDemo.java
package com.kazesan.gui05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变成图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("folk.jpg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//把这个图标放在按钮上
JButton jButton = new JButton();
jButton.setIcon(icon);
jButton.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
//add
container.add(jButton);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo();
}
}
单选按钮
JButtonDemo02.java
package com.kazesan.gui05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{
public JButtonDemo02(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变成图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("folk.jpg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//单选框
JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton01");
JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton02");
JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("jRadioButton03");
//由于单选框只能选择一个，进行分组,一个组中只能选一个
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
group.add(jRadioButton1);
group.add(jRadioButton2);
group.add(jRadioButton3);
container.add(jRadioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(jRadioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jRadioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo02();
}
}
复选按钮
JButtonDemo03.java
package com.kazesan.gui05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo03(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将一个图片变成图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("folk.jpg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//多选框
JCheckBox jCheckBox01 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox01");
JCheckBox jCheckBox02 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox02");
JCheckBox jCheckBox03 = new JCheckBox("jCheckBox03");
container.add(jCheckBox01,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(jCheckBox02,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jCheckBox03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo03();
}
}
3.6 列表
下拉框
应用场景：选择地区，或者一些单个选项
TestComboboxDem01.java
package com.kazesan.gui06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在热映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
列表框
应用场景：展示信息，一般是动态扩容
TestComboboxDemo02.java
package com.kazesan.gui06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//生成列表的内容 稀疏数组,压缩数据
//String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};
Vector contents = new Vector();
contents.add("Peter");
contents.add("Jack");
contents.add("Tom");
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents);
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo02();
}
}
3.7 文本框
文本框
TestTextDemo01.java
package com.kazesan.gui06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo01() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("hello");
JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("world",20);
container.add(jTextField,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(jTextField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo01();
}
}
密码框
TestTextDemo02.java
package com.kazesan.gui06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestTextDemo02() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
container.add(jPasswordField);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestTextDemo02();
}
}
文本域
JScrollDemo.java
package com.kazesan.gui05;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo() {
Container container = getContentPane();
//文本域
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20,50);
textArea.setText("欢迎踏入Java");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
为 HTML ，Servlet准备
C/S 客户端/服务器
B/S 浏览器/服务器
贪吃蛇
帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧 60帧。连起来是动画，拆开就是静态的图片！
键盘监听
定时器Timer
GamePanel.java
- 定义数据
- 画上去
- 监听事件
- 键盘
- 事件
package com.kazesan.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;
//游戏面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
//定义蛇的数据结构
int length;//蛇的长度
int[] snakeX = new int[600];//蛇的x坐标 25*25
int[] snakeY = new int[500];//蛇的Y坐标 25*25
String direction;
//食物的坐标
int foodx;
int foody;
Random random = new Random();
int score;//成绩
//游戏当前的状态：开始，停止
boolean isStart = false;//默认是不开始！
boolean isFail = false;//默认是不失败
//定时器 以毫秒为单位
Timer timer = new Timer(100,this);//监听这个类的对象，100ms刷新一次
//构造器
public GamePanel() {
init();
//获得焦点和键盘事件
this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件
this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
timer.start();//游戏一开始就启动定时器
}
//初始化方法
public void init(){
length = 3;
snakeX[0] = 100;snakeY[0] = 100;//脑袋的坐标
snakeX[1] = 75;snakeY[1] = 100;//第一个身体的坐标
snakeX[2] = 50;snakeY[2] = 100;//第二个身体的坐标
direction = "R";//初始方向向右
//把食物随机分布在游戏界面上
foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34);// 850/25=34
foody = 75 + 25*random.nextInt(24);// 600/25=24
score = 0;
}
//绘制面板，游戏中所有的东西，都使用该画笔来画
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
super.paintComponent(g);//清屏
//绘制静态的面板
this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
Data.header.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 11);//头部广告栏画上去
g.fillRect(25, 75, 850, 600);//默认的游戏界面
//画积分
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));//设置字体
g.drawString("长度"+length, 750, 35);
g.drawString("分数"+score, 750, 50);
//画食物
Data.food.paintIcon(this, g,foodx,foody);
//把小蛇画上去
if (direction.equals("R")){
Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要通过方向来判断
}else if (direction.equals("L")) {
Data.left.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
}else if (direction.equals("U")) {
Data.up.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
}else if (direction.equals("D")) {
Data.down.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
}
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);
}
//游戏状态
if (isStart==false){
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));//设置字体
g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏", 300, 300);
} else if (isStart==true) {
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,20));//设置字体
g.drawString("再按一下暂停游戏", 25, 40);
}
if (isFail) {
g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));//设置字体
g.drawString("游戏失败，按下空格重新开始", 300, 300);
}
}
//键盘监听事件
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得键盘按键是哪一个
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {//如果按下的是空格键
if (isFail){
//重新开始
isFail = false;
init();
}else {
isStart = !isStart;//取反，默认为false，取反为true
}
repaint();
}
//小蛇移动
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
direction = "U";
} else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) {
direction = "D";
} else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) {
direction = "L";
} else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) {
direction = "R";
}
}
//事件监听 --- 需要通过固定时间来刷新，1s=10次
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (isStart && isFail == false){//如果游戏是开始状态，就让小蛇动起来
//吃食物
if (snakeX[0] == foodx && snakeY[0] == foody){//蛇头和食物重合
//长度 + 1
length++;
//分数加10
score+=10;//score = score + 10；
//再次随机生成食物
foodx = 25 + 25*random.nextInt(34);// 850/25=34
foody = 75 + 25*random.nextInt(24);// 600/25=24
}
//移动
for (int i = length-1; i > 0 ; i--){
snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];//后一节移到前一节的位置，第二节身体2，第一节身体1，头0，snake[1]=snake[0]，第一节到头位置
snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
}
//走向
if (direction.equals("R")){
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]+25;
if (snakeX[0]>850){snakeX[0]=25;}//边界判断
} else if (direction.equals("L")) {
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]-25;
if (snakeX[0]<25){snakeX[0]=850;}//边界判断
} else if (direction.equals("U")) {
snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]-25;
if (snakeY[0]<75){snakeY[0]=650;}//游戏界面起始坐标为x：25，y：75，大小为850*600，蛇头、身为25*25
//650=600+75-25,刚好露头
}else if (direction.equals("D")){
snakeY[0] = snakeY[0]+25;
if (snakeY[0]>650){snakeY[0]=75;}//边界判断
}
//失败判断，撞到自己就算失败
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
if (snakeX[0]==snakeX[i] && snakeY[0]==snakeY[i]){
isFail=true;
}
}
repaint();//重画页面
}
timer.start();//定时器开启！
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
}
}
Data.java
package com.kazesan.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;
//数据中心
public class Data {
//相对路径 tx.jpg
//绝对路径 加”/" 相当于当前的项目
public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);
public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");
public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);
public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);
public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}
StartGame.java
package com.kazesan.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();
jFrame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
jFrame.setResizable(false);//窗口大小不可拉伸
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//正常游戏界面都应该在面板上！
jFrame.add(new GamePanel());
jFrame.setVisible(true);s
}
}
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