实验2（3）

Task1:

#pragma once
 #include <string>
 // 类T: 声明
class T {
 // 对象属性、方法
public:
 T(int x = 0, int y = 0);   // 普通构造函数
T(const T &t);  // 复制构造函数
T(T &&t);       
~T();           
// 移动构造函数
// 析构函数

 void adjust(int ratio);      
void display() const;           
private:
 int m1, m2;
 // 类属性、方法
public:
 static int get_cnt();          
public:
 static const std::string doc;       
static const int max_cnt;           
private:
 static int cnt;
// 类T友元函数声明
friend void func();
 };
 // 普通函数声明
void func();

const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;

// 类T: 实现
// 普通函数实现

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

// static成员数据类外初始化


// 对象方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { 
    ++cnt; 
    cout << "T constructor called.\n";
} 

T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
    ++cnt;
    cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}

T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
    ++cnt;
    cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}    

T::~T() {
    --cnt;
    cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}           

void T::adjust(int ratio) {
    m1 *= ratio;
    m2 *= ratio;
}    

void T::display() const {
    cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}     

// 类方法
int T::get_cnt() {
   return cnt;
}

// 友元
void func() {
    T t5(42);
    t5.m2 = 2049;
    cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void test();

int main() {
    test();
    cout << "\nmain: \n";
    cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
}

void test() {
    cout << "test class T: \n";
    cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
    cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
    cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;


    T t1;
    cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;

    T t2(3, 4);
    cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;

    T t3(t2);
    t3.adjust(2);
    cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;

    T t4(std::move(t2));
    cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;

    cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;

    func();
}

Q1、能正确运行

Q2、默认构造函数：在没有提供任何参数的情况下创建对象时调用的构造函数
拷贝构造函数：使用另一个对象来初始化新对象时，将对象作为参数传递给函数时，从函数返回对象时
移动构造函数：从临时对象（右值）转移资源
委托构造函数：一个构造函数调用同一个类的另一个构造函数
析构函数：在对象生命周期结束时调用，用于释放对象占用的资源；在对象离开其作用域时，显式删除动态分配的对象时，程序结束时调用

Q3、能正确运行

 

Task2:

#pragma once
//#ifndef COMPLEX_H
//#define COMPLEX_H
#include<string>

using std::string;

class Complex{
    public:
        
        //Complex ();
        //Complex (double newreal);
        Complex (double newreal=0,double newimag=0);//
        Complex (const Complex &p);
        //~Complex();
        friend Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
        friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
        friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
        double get_real() const{return real;}
        double get_imag() const{return imag;}
        friend void output(const Complex &c);
        friend double abs(const Complex &c);
        void add(const Complex &p)
            {
                this->real+=p.real;
                this->imag+=p.imag;
            }
        
    private:
        double real;
        double imag;
    public:
        static const string doc;
};
                                                                                                    
/*class func{
    public:
        Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
        bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
        bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
        void output(const Complex &c);
        double abs(const Complex &c);
    private:
        Complex C1,C2,C3;
    
    
};*/
//#endif

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include"Complex.h"

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
//要在源文件中初始化，头文件的初始化会重复赋值
const std::string Complex::doc{"a simple class sample"};
Complex c1,c2,c3,c;

Complex::Complex (double newreal,double newimag):real{newreal},imag{newimag}{}

//Complex::Complex()real{p.real},imag{p.imag}{}错误！这是拷贝构造函数

Complex::Complex(const Complex &p) {
// 假设Complex有两个成员变量：real和imag
this->real = p.real; // 复制实部
this->imag = p.imag; // 复制虚部
}
/*double Complex::get_real() const
{

return real;
}
double Complex::get_imag() const
{

return imag;
}
void Complex::add(const Complex &p)
{
this->real+=p.real;
this->imag+=p.imag;
}*/
Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)//
{

double newreal=c1.real+c2.real;
double newimag=c1.imag+c2.imag;
return Complex(newreal,newimag);
}
bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{

if(c1.real==c2.real&c1.imag==c2.imag)
return true;
else return false;
}
bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2)
{
if(c1.real!=c2.real||c1.imag!=c2.imag)
return true;
else return false;
}
void output(const Complex &c)
{
if(c.imag>=0)
cout<<c.real<<'+'<<c.imag<<'i'<<endl;
else
cout<<c.real<<c.imag<<'i'<<endl;
}

double abs(const Complex &c)
{
return sqrt(c.real*c.real+c.imag*c.imag);
}

 

// 待补足（多文件组织代码时，需要包含的头文件）
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include"Complex.h"

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void test() {
cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
cout << Complex::doc << endl;

cout << endl;

cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
Complex c1;
Complex c2(3, -4);
const Complex c3(3.5);
Complex c4(c3);

cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;

cout << endl;

cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
c4 = add(c2, c3);
cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
}

int main() {
test();
}

 

Task3:

#include <iostream>
 #include <complex>
 using std::cout;
 using std::endl;
 using std::boolalpha;
 using std::complex;
 void test() {
 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
 complex<double> c1;
 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
 complex<double> c4(c3);
 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << 
endl;
 cout << endl;
 
 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
 c1 += c2;
 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
 cout << boolalpha;
 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
 c4 = c2 + c3;
 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
 } 
 int main() {
 test();
 } 

 

Task4:

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using std::string;

class Fraction
{
    public:
        static const string doc;
        //Fraction();
        Fraction(int u=1,int d=1);
        //~Fraction(); 
        int get_up()const{return up;
        } 
        int get_down()const{return down;
        }
        Fraction negative()const;
        friend void output(const Fraction &f);
        friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        
    private:
        int up;
        int down; 
        
};

void output(const Fraction &f);
Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);

#include"Fraction.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include <algorithm>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

const std::string Fraction::doc{"a simple class sample"};

Fraction f,f1,f2,f3;//如果在f2的声明中不小心加上了括号（即使没有参数），编译器可能会将其误解为函数调用 

Fraction::Fraction(int u,int d):up{u},down{d}{ //声明中初始化过了，定义时需删去初始化内容，不然会被认为重复赋值 
    
}
/*Fraction::int get_up(){应把int放在首位 
    return up;
}
Fraction::int get_down(){
    return down;
}*/
Fraction Fraction::negative()const{ //返回值为Fraction类对象的函数 ,注意Fraction：：的位置！！ 
    int new_up=-this->up;
    int new_down=this->down;
    return Fraction(new_up,new_down);
}

int gcd(int a, int b) {  
    while (b != 0) {  
        int temp = b;  
        b = a % b;  
        a = temp;  
    }  
    return a;
}
void output(const Fraction &f)
{
    if(f.up==0)
    cout<<0<<endl;
    else if(f.down==1)
    cout<<f.up<<endl;
    else if(f.down==0)
    cout<<"分母不能为0"<<endl;
    else
        {
        int sign=(f.up<0)^(f.down<0)?-1:1;//^是异或运算符，如何优化？？ 
        int divisor=gcd(f.up,f.down);
        int newup=f.up/divisor;
        int newdown=f.down/divisor;
        if(sign==-1)
        cout<<'-'<<abs(newup)<<"/"<<abs(newdown)<<endl;
        else if(sign==1)
        cout<<abs(newup)<<"/"<<abs(newdown)<<endl;
        }
}
Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
    int new_down=f1.down+f2.down;
    int new_up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down;
    return Fraction(new_up,new_down);
}
Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
    int new_down=f1.down+f2.down;
    int new_up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down;
    return Fraction(new_up,new_down);
}
Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
    int new_down=f1.down*f2.down;
    int new_up=f1.up*f2.up;
    return Fraction(new_up,new_down);
}
Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){
    int new_up=f1.up*f2.down;
    int new_down=f1.down*f2.up;
    return Fraction(new_up,new_down);
}


#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;


void test1() {
    cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
    cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;

    Fraction f1(5);
    Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
    Fraction f4(f3);
    cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
    cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
    cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
    cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;

    Fraction f5(f4.negative());
    cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
    cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;

    cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
    cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
    cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
    cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
    test2();
}

 

Task5:

#ifndef account.h
#define account.h
class SavingsAccount{
    private:
        int id;
        double balance;
        double rate;
        int lastDate;
        double accumulation;
        static double total;
        void record(int date,double amount);
        
        double accumulate(int date)const{
        return accumulation+balance*(date-lastDate);}
    public:
        SavingsAccount(int date,int id,double rate);
        int getId()const{return id;}
        double getBalance()const{return balance;}
        double getRate()const{return rate;}
        static double getTotal(){return total;
        }
        void deposit(int date,double amount);
        void withdraw(int date,double amount);
        void settle(int date);
        void show()const;
    
}; 
#endif

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include"account.h"
using namespace std;

double SavingsAccount::total=0;
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date,int id,double rate):id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
    cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<" is created"<<endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(int date,double amount){
    accumulation=accumulate(date);
    lastDate=date;
    amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
    balance+=amount;
    total+=amount;
    cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl; 
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date,double amount){
    record(date,amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date,double amount){
    if(amount>getBalance())
        cout<<"Error:not enough money"<<endl;
    else
        record(date,-amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(int date){
    double interest=accumulate(date)*rate/365;
    if(interest!=0)
        record(date,interest);
    accumulation=0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show()const{
cout<<"#"<<id<<"\tBalance:"<<balance;}


#include<iostream>
#include"account.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    SavingsAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
    
    sa0.deposit(5,5000);
    sa1.deposit(25,10000);
    sa0.deposit(45,5500);
    sa1.withdraw(60,4000);
    
    sa0.settle(90);
    sa1.settle(90);
    
    sa0.show();cout<<endl;
    sa1.show();cout<<endl;
    cout<<"Total:"<<SavingsAccount::getTotal()<<endl;
    return 0;
}