mysql的master和slave同步方案

1. 同步原理
   1. master将改变记录到二进制日志(binary log)中
   2. slave将master的binary log events拷贝到它的中继日志(relay log)
   3. slave重做中继日志中的事件，改变自己的数据，相当于执行了master的所有操作
      
   4. 同步配置
      
      • master配置

        • 开启binlog vim /etc/my.cnf添加配置

          1 2	log_bin   = mysql-bin server_id = 1

        • 创建复制账号

          1	GRANTREPLICATION SLAVE,RELOAD,SUPER ON*.*  TOroot@’slave ip’  IDENTIFIED BY'password';

      • 拷贝数据，如果master有数据而slave没有数据 则需要先把master的数据拷dump到slave中，如果是全新的master和slave(master和slave均没有数据则不需要此步骤)
      • slave配置

        • 对master运行

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          SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File             | Position  | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 686034183 |              |                  |                   | +------------------+-----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

        • 配置slave

          • 开启binlog vim /etc/my.cnf添加配置

            1 2	log_bin   = mysql-bin server_id = 1

          • 启动slave执行sql

            1	CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='master host',  MASTER_USER='root', MASTER_PASSWORD='password',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=686034183 ;

            其中的MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=686034183;为上一步在master上执行SHOW MASTER STATUS;的结果

          • 运行

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            SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G; *************************** 1. row ***************************                Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster tosend event                   Master_Host: 123.57.207.198                   Master_User: root                   Master_Port: 3306                 Connect_Retry: 60               Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 686034183                Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002                 Relay_Log_Pos: 686034113         Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001              Slave_IO_Running: Yes             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes               Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                    Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 686034183               Relay_Log_Space: 686034287               Until_Condition: None                Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0            Master_SSL_Allowed: No            Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                 Last_IO_Errno: 0                 Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0                Last_SQL_Error:   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:              Master_Server_Id: 2                   Master_UUID: b4afeca0-1c33-11e5-856d-00163e002b08              Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info                     SQL_Delay: 0           SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL       Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has readallrelay log; waiting forthe slave I/O thread toupdateit            Master_Retry_Count: 86400                   Master_Bind:       Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:      Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:                Master_SSL_Crl:            Master_SSL_Crlpath:            Retrieved_Gtid_Set:             Executed_Gtid_Set:                 Auto_Position: 0 1 row inset(0.00 sec)

            其中Slave_IO_Running: Yes和Slave_SQL_Running: Yes则为正常，此时开始同步了