动词(verb)
动词的五种形式:
1) 动词原形: 即词典中词条所给出的动词形式。用于一般现在时和不定式。
They know us well. 他们很了解我们。
Do you want to go there? 你想去那儿吗?
2) 过去式:用于表示过去发生的动作或事情。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
You talked too much. 你讲得太多。
3) 过去分词: 用于被动语态和完成时态等。该形式通常是在动词原形后加ed。
Two people were killed in the accident. 有两个人在事故中丧生。
4) 现在分词:由动词原形 + ing 构与,可用于各种进行时态。
They are leaning English. 他们正在学英语。
5) 第三人称单数形式:当句子的主语为单数时,句子中的谓语动词需要用第三人称单数,第三人称单数形式通常是在动词后加 s。
He likes teaching. 他喜欢教学。
不规则动词:
|
Infinitive不定式 |
Past Tense 过去式 |
|
abide |
abode,abided |
|
alight |
alighted,alit |
|
arise |
arose |
|
awake |
awoke,awaked |
|
be |
were /was |
|
bear |
bore |
|
beat |
beat |
|
become |
became |
|
befall |
befell |
|
beget |
begot |
|
begin |
began |
|
behold |
beheld |
|
bend |
bent |
|
bereave |
bereaved,bereft |
|
beseech |
besought,beseeched |
|
beset |
beset |
|
bespeak |
bespoke |
|
bespread |
bespread |
|
bestrew |
bestrewed |
|
bestride |
bestrode |
|
bet |
bet,betted |
|
betake |
betook |
|
bethink |
bethought |
|
bid |
bade,bid |
|
bide |
bode,bided |
|
bind |
bound |
|
bite |
bit |
|
bleed |
bled |
|
blend |
blended,blent |
|
bless |
blessed,blest |
|
blow |
blew |
|
break |
broke |
|
breed |
bred |
|
bring |
brought |
|
broadcast |
broadcast,broadcasted |
|
browbeat |
browbeat |
|
build |
built |
|
burn |
burnt,burned |
|
burst |
burst |
|
buy |
bought |
|
can |
could |
|
cast |
cast |
|
catch |
caught |
|
chide |
chid,chided |
|
choose |
chose |
|
cleave |
cleaved,cleft,clove |
|
cleave |
clave |
|
cling |
clung |
|
clothe |
clothed,clad |
|
come |
came |
|
cost |
cost |
|
creep |
crept |
|
crow |
crowed,crew |
|
cut |
cut |
|
dare |
dared,durst |
|
deal |
dealt |
|
die |
died |
|
dig |
dug |
|
dispread |
dispread |
|
do |
did |
|
draw |
drew |
|
dream |
dreamed,dreamt |
|
drink |
drank |
|
drive |
drove |
|
dwell |
dwelt,dwelled |
|
eat |
ate |
|
fall |
fell |
|
feed |
fed |
|
feel |
felt |
|
fight |
fought |
|
find |
found |
|
flee |
fled |
|
fling |
flung |
|
fly |
flew |
|
flee |
fled |
|
fly |
flied |
|
forbear |
forbore |
|
forbid |
forbade,forbad |
|
forecast |
forecast,forecasted |
|
fordo |
fordid |
|
forego |
forewent |
|
foreknow |
foreknew |
|
forerun |
foreran |
|
foresee |
foresaw |
|
foreshow |
foreshowed |
|
foretell |
foretold |
|
forget |
forgot |
|
forgive |
forgave |
|
forsake |
forsook |
|
forswear |
forswore |
|
freeze |
froze |
|
gainsay |
gainsaid |
|
get |
got |
|
gild |
gilded,gilt |
|
gird |
girded,girt |
|
give |
gave |
|
go |
went |
|
grave |
graved |
|
grind |
ground |
|
grow |
grew |
|
hamstring |
hamstringed,hamstrung |
|
hang |
hung |
|
hang |
hanged |
|
have |
had |
|
hear |
heard |
|
heave |
heaved,hove |
|
hew |
hewed |
|
hide |
hid |
|
hit |
hit |
|
hold |
held |
|
hurt |
hurt |
|
inlay |
inlaid |
|
keep |
kept |
|
kneel |
knelt,kneeled |
|
knit |
knitted,knit |
|
know |
knew |
|
lade |
laded |
|
lay |
laid |
|
lead |
led |
|
lean |
leaned,leant |
|
leap |
leapt,leaped |
|
learn |
learnt,learned |
|
leave |
left |
|
lend |
lent |
|
let |
let |
|
lie |
lay |
|
lie |
lied |
|
light |
lit |
|
light |
lighted |
|
lose |
lost |
|
make |
made |
|
may |
might |
|
mean |
meant |
|
meet |
met |
|
melt |
melted |
|
misdeal |
misdealt |
|
misgive |
misgave |
|
mislay |
mislaid |
|
mislead |
misled |
|
mistake |
mistook |
|
misunderstand |
misunderstood |
|
mow |
mowed |
|
must |
must |
|
ought |
ought |
|
outbid |
outbade,outbid |
|
outbreed |
outbred |
|
outdo |
outdid |
|
outeat |
outate |
|
outfight |
outfought |
|
outgo |
outwent |
|
outgrow |
outgrew |
|
outlay |
outlaid |
|
outride |
outrode |
|
outrun |
outran |
|
outsell |
outsold |
|
outshine |
outshone |
|
outshoot |
outshot |
|
outsit |
outsat |
|
outspend |
outspent |
|
outspread |
outspread |
|
outthrow |
outthrew |
|
outthrust |
outthrust |
|
outwear |
outwore |
|
overbear |
overbore |
|
overbid |
overbid |
|
overblow |
overblew |
|
overbuild |
overbuilt |
|
overbuy |
overbought |
|
overcast |
overcast |
|
overcome |
overcame |
|
overdo |
overdid |
|
overdraw |
overdrew |
|
overdrive |
overdrove |
|
overeat |
overate |
|
overfeed |
overfed |
|
overfly |
overflew |
|
overgrow |
overgrew |
|
overhang |
overhung |
|
overhear |
overheard |
|
overlade |
overladed |
|
overlay |
overlaid |
|
overleap |
overleapt,overleaped |
|
overlie |
overlay |
|
overpay |
overpaid |
|
override |
overrode |
|
overrun |
overran |
|
oversee |
oversaw |
|
oversell |
oversold |
|
overset |
overset |
|
oversew |
oversewed |
|
overshoot |
overshot |
|
oversleep |
overslept |
|
overspend |
overspent |
|
overspread |
overspread |
|
overtake |
overtook |
|
overthrow |
overthrew |
|
overwind |
overwound |
|
overwrite |
overwrote |
|
partake |
partook |
|
pay |
paid |
|
precast |
precast |
|
prechoose |
prechose |
|
prove |
proved |
|
put |
put |
|
quit |
quitted,quit |
|
read |
read |
|
reave |
reaved,reft |
|
rebuild |
rebuilt |
|
recast |
recast |
|
reeve |
rove,reeved |
|
relay |
relaid |
|
rend |
rent |
|
repay |
repaid |
|
reset |
reset |
|
retell |
retold |
|
rid |
rid,ridded |
|
ride |
rode |
|
ring |
rang |
|
rise |
rose,risen |
|
rive |
riven |
|
run |
ran |
|
saw |
sawed |
|
say |
said |
|
see |
saw |
|
seek |
sought |
|
sell |
sold |
|
send |
sent |
|
set |
set |
|
sew |
sewed |
|
shake |
shook |
|
shall |
should |
|
shave |
shaved |
|
shear |
sheared |
|
shed |
shed |
|
shine |
shone,shined |
|
shoe |
shod,shoed |
|
shoot |
shot |
|
show |
showed |
|
shred |
shredded,shred |
|
shrink |
shrank,shrunk |
|
shrive |
shrove,shrived |
|
shut |
shut |
|
sing |
sang,sung |
|
sink |
sank,sunk |
|
sit |
sat |
|
slay |
slew |
|
sleep |
slept |
|
slide |
slid |
|
sling |
slung |
|
slink |
slunk |
|
slit |
slit |
|
smell |
smelt,smelled |
|
smite |
smote |
|
sow |
sowed |
|
speak |
spoke |
|
speed |
sped,speeded |
|
spell |
spelt,spelled |
|
spend |
spent |
|
spill |
spilt,spilled |
|
spin |
spun |
|
spit |
spat,spit |
|
split |
split |
|
spoil |
spoilt,spoiled |
|
spread |
spread |
|
spring |
sprang,sprung |
|
stand |
stood |
|
stave |
staved,stove |
|
steal |
stole |
|
stick |
stuck |
|
sting |
stung |
|
stink |
stank,stunk |
|
strew |
strewed |
|
stride |
strode |
|
strike |
struck |
|
string |
strung |
|
strive |
strove,strived |
|
swear |
swore |
|
sweat |
sweat,sweated |
|
sweep |
swept |
|
swell |
swelled |
|
swim |
swam |
|
swing |
swung |
|
take |
took |
|
teach |
taught |
|
tear |
tore |
|
tell |
told |
|
think |
thought |
|
thrive |
throve,thrived |
|
throw |
threw |
|
thrust |
thrust |
|
tread |
trod |
|
unbend |
unbent |
|
unbind |
unbound |
|
unbuild |
unbuilt |
|
underbid |
underbid |
|
underbuy |
underbought |
|
undercut |
undercut |
|
underdo |
underdid |
|
underfeed |
underfed |
|
undergo |
underwent |
|
underlay |
underlaid |
|
underlet |
underlet |
|
underlie |
underlay |
|
underpay |
underpaid |
|
underrun |
underran |
|
undersell |
undersold |
|
underset |
underset |
|
undershoot |
undershot |
|
understand |
understood |
|
undertake |
undertook |
|
underwrite |
underwrote |
|
undo |
undid |
|
undraw |
undrew |
|
unfreeze |
unfroze |
|
ungird |
ungirded,ungirt |
|
unhang |
unhung |
|
unknit |
unknitted,unknit |
|
unlade |
unladed |
|
unlay |
unlaid |
|
unlearn |
unlearnt,unlearned |
|
unmake |
unmade |
|
unreeve |
unrove,unreeved |
|
unsay |
unsaid |
|
unset |
unset |
|
unsling |
unslung |
|
unspeak |
unspoke |
|
unstick |
unstuck |
|
unstring |
unstrung |
|
unswear |
unswore |
|
unteach |
untaught |
|
unthink |
unthought |
|
untread |
untrod |
|
unweave |
unwove |
|
unwind |
unwound |
|
upbuild |
upbuilt |
|
upcast |
upcast |
|
uphold |
upheld |
|
uppercut |
uppercut |
|
uprise |
uprose |
|
upset |
upset |
|
upsweep |
upswept |
|
upswing |
upswung |
|
wake |
waked,woke |
|
waylay |
waylaid |
|
wear |
wore |
|
weave |
wove |
|
wed |
wedded,wed |
|
weep |
wept |
|
weigh |
weighed |
|
wet |
wetted,wet |
|
will |
would |
|
win |
won |
|
wind |
winded,wound |
|
wit |
wist |
|
withdraw |
withdrew |
|
withhold |
withheld |
|
withstand |
withstood |
|
work |
worked |
|
work |
wrought |
|
wring |
wrung |
|
write |
wrote |
1. A---A---A型(现在式、过去式、过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式) 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读(读音是[red])
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形)
beat beat beaten/ beat 打
3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母"d"改为"t"构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
(3)其他
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
fight fought fought 战斗
sleep slept slept 睡
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
feel felt felt 觉得
find found found 发现
hang hanged hanged 绞死
show showed showed/ shown 展示
hang hung hung 挂
have had had 有
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
sell sold sold 卖
shoot shot shot 射击
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻
sit sat sat 坐
dig dug/ digged dug/ digged 挖
5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
be was/ were been 是
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给
take took taken/ took 拿
hide hid hidden/ hid 隐藏
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
rise rose risen 升起
drive drove driven 驾驶
(2)过去式将-aw, -ow, -y变为-ew,过去分词在原形后加-n,其中"fly"的过去分词是将"y"改为"ow"再加"n"。
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
throw threw thrown 抛,扔
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画
fly flew flown 飞
(3)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词,其中"wear"的过去分词是将"e"改为"n"。
wear wore worn 穿
freeze froze frozen 冻结
steal stole stolen 偷
speak spoke spoken 说话
tread trod trodden/ trod 行走
break broke broken 破碎,折断
choose chose chosen 选择
weave wove/ weft woven/ weft 编织
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
get got gotten/ got得
forget forgot forgotten/ forgot忘记
(4)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母"i"分别为"a"(过去式)和"u"(过去分词)。
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk 饮
ring rang/ ringed rung/ ringed 按铃
sing sang/ sung sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
spin span/ spun spun 旋转
sink sank/ sunk sunk/ sunken 沉
spring sprang/ sprung sprung 跳跃
(5)其他不规则动词的变化。
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
6. 情态动词(无过去分词)
can could 能
may might 可以
must / 必须
shall should 应该
will would 将/会
不规则动词表
|
序号 |
动词原形或不定式 |
过去式 |
现在分词或动名词 |
第三人称 单数 |
注释 |
前缀 |
词根 |
|
1 |
bear |
bore |
bearing |
bears |
忍受,承担 |
bear |
|
|
2 |
forbear |
forbore |
forbearing |
forbears |
克制,忍耐 |
for- |
bear |
|
3 |
overbear |
overbore |
overbearing |
overbears |
压服,征服 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
bear |
|
4 |
bend |
bent |
bending |
bends |
弯曲,弯腰 |
bend |
|
|
5 |
unbend |
unbent |
unbending |
unbends |
变直,伸直 |
un-表示"不" |
bend |
|
6 |
bid |
bade, bid |
bidding |
bids |
出价,恳求,邀请,力求,企图 |
bid |
|
|
7 |
forbid |
forbade, forbad |
forbidding |
forbids |
禁止,阻碍 |
for- |
bid |
|
8 |
outbid |
outbid |
outbidding |
outbids |
出价高于(别人) |
out-表示"超过" |
bid |
|
9 |
underbid |
underbid |
underbidding |
underbids |
出价较低 |
under-表示"在…之下,过低" |
bid |
|
10 |
bind |
bound |
binding |
binds |
约束,捆绑 |
bind |
|
|
11 |
rebind |
rebound |
rebinding |
rebinds |
重新捆绑 |
re-表示"重复" |
bind |
|
12 |
unbind |
unbound |
unbinding |
unbinds |
解开,解放 |
un-表示"不" |
bind |
|
13 |
build |
built |
building |
builds |
建造,建立 |
build |
|
|
14 |
rebuild |
rebuilt |
rebuilding |
rebuilds |
重建,恢复 |
re-表示"重复" |
build |
|
15 |
cast |
cast |
casting |
casts |
铸造,投掷,脱落 |
cast |
|
|
16 |
broadcast |
broadcast, broadcasted |
broadcasting |
broadcasts |
广播 |
broad- |
cast |
|
17 |
forecast |
forecast, forecasted |
forecasting |
forecasts |
预报,预测 |
fore-表示"预先" |
cast |
|
18 |
miscast |
miscast |
miscasting |
miscasts |
指配不适当的角色 |
mis-表示"不,错误" |
cast |
|
19 |
overcast |
overcast |
overcasting |
overcasts |
使沮丧,包缝,遮蔽 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
cast |
|
20 |
recast |
recast |
recasting |
recasts |
再铸,重塑,改正 |
re-表示"重复" |
cast |
|
21 |
come |
came |
coming |
comes |
来,成为,变得 |
come |
|
|
22 |
become |
became |
becoming |
becomes |
变为,适合,发生 |
be-表示"遍及、使成为" |
come |
|
23 |
overcome |
overcame |
overcoming |
overcomes |
战胜,克服 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
come |
|
24 |
deal |
dealt |
dealing |
deals |
处理,分配 |
deal |
|
|
25 |
misdeal |
misdealt |
misdealing |
misdeals |
处理不当 |
mis-表示"不,错误" |
deal |
|
26 |
do |
did |
doing |
does |
做,干 |
do |
|
|
27 |
outdo |
outdid |
outdoing |
outdoes |
胜过,优于 |
out-表示"超过" |
do |
|
28 |
overdo |
overdid |
overdoing |
overdoes |
做得过分,夸张 |
over-表示"在…之上,过度" |
do |
|
29 |
redo |
redid |
redoing |
redoes |
重做 |
re-表示"重复" |
do |
|
30 |
undo |
undid |
undoing |
undoes |
松开,撤销 |
un-表示"不" |
do |
|
31 |
draw |
drew |
drawing |
draws |
绘画,拉,吸引 |
draw |
|
|
32 |
withdraw |
withdrew |
withdrawing |
withdraws |
撤退,退出 |
with- |
draw |
|
33 |
fall |
fell |
falling |
falls |
落下,下降 |
fall |
|
|
34 |
befall |
befell |
befalling |
befalls |
发生,降临 |
be-表示"遍及、使成为" |
fall |
|
35 |
get |
got |
getting |
gets |
得到,到来,成为 |
get |
|
|
36 |
beget |
begot |
begetting |
begets |
产生,引起 |
be-表示"遍及、使成为" |
get |
|
37 |
forget |
forgot |
forgetting |
forgets |
忘记,忽略 |
for- |
get |
|
38 |
give |
gave |
giving |
gives |
给予,赠送 |
give |
|
|
39 |
forgive |
forgave |
forgiving |
forgives |
原谅,免除 |
for- |
give |
|
40 |
misgive |
misgave |
misgiving |
misgives |
疑虑,担忧 |
mis-表示"不,错误" |
give |
学习中。。。

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