Centos7安装Python3.7及创建虚拟环境

说明：全部操作都在root用户下执行，python3.7安装在/root/python3目录下

1.安装编译相关工具

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum install libffi-devel -y

2.下载安装包并解压

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz
tar -xvf Python-3.7.0.tar.xz

3.编译安装

先创建安装目录

mkdir /root/python3
cd Python-3.7.0
./configure --prefix=/root/python3 --enable-shared --with-ssl --enable-optimizations
make && make install

4.创建软连接

ln -s /root/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /root/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

5.将python3安装路径写入环境变量

vi /etc/profile

最后一行加上

PYTHON_NAME=/root/python3

保存退出

source /etc/profile
vi /root/.bash_profile

最后面加上

export PYTHON_HOME=/root/python3
export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH

保存退出

source /root/.bash_profile

6.将python库的路径写到/etc/ld.so.conf配置中

cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d
vi python3.conf
/root/python3/lib
ldconfig

7.python解释器配置豆瓣源

pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

8.安装virtualenv

pip3 install virtualenv

9.创建虚拟环境

mkdir /envs
virtualenv /envs/nb --python=python3.7

10.激活虚拟环境

source /envs/nb/bin/activate

11.退出虚拟环境

deactivate