01 Nginx部署安装

一、先决条件

1. 通过下载阿里云YUM源（centos、epel） 

https://opsx.alibaba.com/mirror

2. 安装依赖包(pcre、openssl)

yum install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel -y

二、部署安装

1. 通过nginx官方网站下载稳定版本

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz

2. 源码安装

tar zxvf nginx-1.14.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.14.2/
useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M
./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.14.2/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make
make install
ln -s /application/nginx-1.14.2 /application/nginx

3. 启动并检查安装结果

检查语法
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
启动 pkill
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx 
重新加载
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
检查状态
netstat -antulp|grep 80
lsof -i :80
curl 127.0.0.1

4. 查看编译时参数

/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

5. 查看配置文件

cd /application/nginx/conf/
egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf

 

三、虚拟主机

在web服务里就是一个独立的网站站点，这个站点对应独立的域名（IP或端口），具有独立的程序及资源目录，可以独立地对外提供用户访问。

虚拟主机类型：

1. 基于域名

cd /application/nginx/conf
diff nginx.conf nginx.conf.default
egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default > nginx.conf

• 单域名

  mkdir -p /application/nginx/html/www
  echo "http://www.cool4.com" > /application/nginx/html/www/index.html
  cat /application/nginx/html/www/index.html
  http://www.cool4.com
  
  echo "192.168.176.88 www.cool4.com" >> /etc/hosts
  
  egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf
  worker_processes  1;
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
      sendfile        on;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  www.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/www;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
  }
  
  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  
  curl www.cool4.com
  http://www.cool4.com

• 多域名

  cd /application/nginx/html/
  mkdir bbs blog
  echo "192.168.176.88 bbs.cool4.com" >> /etc/hosts
  echo "192.168.176.88 blog.cool4.com" >> /etc/hosts
  echo "http://bbs.cool4.com" >> bbs/index.html
  echo "http://blog.cool4.com" >> blog/index.html
  
  egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf
  worker_processes  1;
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
      sendfile        on;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  www.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/www;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  bbs.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/bbs;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  blog.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/blog;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
  }
  
  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  
  curl www.cool4.com
  curl bbs.cool4.com
  curl blog.cool4.com

2. 基于端口

cd /application/nginx/conf
diff nginx.conf nginx.conf.default
egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default > nginx.conf

• 多端口（80、81、82）

  egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf
  worker_processes  1;
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
      sendfile        on;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  www.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/www;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
      server {
          listen       81;
          server_name  bbs.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/bbs;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
      server {
          listen       82;
          server_name  blog.cool4.com;
          location / {
              root   html/blog;
              index  index.html index.htm;
          }
      }
  }
  
  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
  
  curl www.cool4.com
  curl bbs.cool4.com:81
  curl blog.cool4.com:82

3. 基于IP

　　一般企业不会用到，如需测试将listen、server_name对应更改即可

四、规范nginx配置文件

应用基于域名配置文件

1. 生成单独配置文件

cd /application/nginx/conf
mkdir vhosts
sed -n '10,17p' nginx.conf > vhosts/www.conf
sed -n '18,25p' nginx.conf > vhosts/bbs.conf
sed -n '26,33p' nginx.conf > vhosts/blog.conf
sed -i '10,33d' nginx.conf

sed -i '7 i include vhosts/*.conf;' nginx.conf
cat nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
include vhosts/*.conf;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
}

cat vhosts/www.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.cool4.com;
        location / {
            root   html/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }
    
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

curl www.cool4.com
curl bbs.cool4.com
curl blog.cool4.com

五、状态信息查看

1. 增加配置文件

cat >>/application/nginx/conf/vhosts/status.conf<<EOF
##status
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name status.cool4.com;
    location / {
        stub_status on;
        access_log off;
        allow 192.168.176.0/24
        deny all;
    }
}
EOF

echo "192.168.176.88 status.cool4.com" >> /etc/hosts

/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
/application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

curl status.cool4.com
Active connections: 1
server accepts handled requests
 16 16 18
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0

Active connections:	表示nginx正在处理的数动连接数
server：	表示nginx启动到现在共处理了16个连接
accepts：	表示nginx启动到现在共成功创建了16次握手
	请求丢件数=（握手数-连接数）
handled requests：	表示总共处理了18次请求
Reading：	为nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数
Writing：	为nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数
Waiting：	为nginx已经处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接。
	在开启keepalive的情况下，这个值等于active-(reading+writing)