43 Nginx的location指令

43 Nginx的location指令

43.1 location指令

语法	location [ 空 | = | ~ | ~* | ^~ | @ ] uri{...}
默认值	_
位置	server.location

 

 

 

 

uri变量是待匹配的请求字符串，可以不包含正则表达式，也可以包含正则表达式，Nginx服务器在搜索匹配location时，先使用不包含正则表达式进行匹配，找到匹配度最高的一个，然后再通过包含正则表达式的进行匹配，如果能匹配到直接访问，匹配不到，就使用刚才匹配度最高的那个location来处理请求

43.2 空

空：不带符号，要求必须以指定模式、指定头开始

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#daemon on; # 默认on
events {
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location /abc {
      default_type text/plain;
      return 200 'access success';
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abc

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abcdef ，只要以 /abc 开头，都能被匹配到

43.3 =

=：用于不包含正则表达式的uri前，必须与指定的模式精确匹配

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#daemon on; # 默认on
events {
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location =/abc {
      default_type text/plain;
      return 200 'access success';
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abc

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abcdef ，匹配不到了

注意：

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abc?name=TOM，？是传参，所以不参与location的匹配，后面会讲可以通过？获取参数

43.4 ~

~：表示当前uri中包含正则表达式，并且区分大小写

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#daemon on; # 默认on
events {
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location ~^/abc\w$ {
      default_type text/plain;
      return 200 'access success';
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abc ，其中 \w 需要匹配任意字符

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abc_

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abcd

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/ABcd ，区分大小写

43.5 ~*

~*：表示当前uri中包含正则表达式，并且不区分大小写

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#daemon on; # 默认on
events {
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location ~*^/abc\w$ {
      default_type text/plain;
      return 200 'access success';
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/abcd

浏览器访问： http://10.0.0.100/ABcd

43.6 ^~

^~：不包含正则表达式的uri前，功能和不加符号的一致（空格），唯一不同的是，如果模式匹配，停止搜索其他模式

当直接使用 /abcd 时，虽然匹配到 /abcd 的 location，但仍会继续向下匹配

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#daemon on; # 默认on
events {
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        location /abcd {
          default_type text/plain;
          return 200 'abcd access success';
        }
        location ~*^/abc\w$ {
      default_type text/plain;
      return 200 'access success';
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问： http://10.0.0.100/abcd

当使用 ^~/abcd 时，匹配到 /abcd 的 location 即停止向下匹配

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
user www;
worker_processes 2;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
#daemon on; # 默认on
events {
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
    worker_connections  1024;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        
        location ^~/abcd {
          default_type text/plain;
          return 200 'abcd access success';
        }
        location ~*^/abc\w$ {
      default_type text/plain;
      return 200 'access success';
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# nginx -t && nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问： http://10.0.0.100/abcd

 

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