29 Nginx的http块自定义服务日志

29 Nginx的http块自定义服务日志

29.1 自定义服务日志

Nginx 中日志的类型分access.log、error.log

　　access.log：记录用户所有的访问请求

　　error.log：记录nginx本身运行时的错误信息，不会记录用户的访问请求

Nginx服务器支持对服务日志的格式、大小、输出等进行设置，需要使用两个指令，分别是 access_log 和 log_format 指令

监控日志，浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/ ，后台日志会刷新

[root@nginx-100 ~]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log 
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2026:18:26:19 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 532 "http://10.0.0.100/" \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/141.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

29.2 access_log

access_log：设置用户访问日志的相关属性，path：access_log 存放的路径、format：日志格式、buffer=size：日志文件的大小

语法	access_log path[format[buffer=size]]
默认值	access_log logs/access.log combined;
位置	http、server、location

 

 

 

 

[root@nginx-100 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
..........
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    access_log  logs/my.log;
    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
..........
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t && ../sbin/nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/ ，access.log 不再刷新日志，而是增加了 my.log 并添加了对应的日志

[root@nginx-100 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/logs/
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/logs]# ls -ltr
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 9225 Apr 21 18:38 access1.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    5 Apr 22 18:24 nginx.pid
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root  213 Apr 22 18:26 access.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nobody root 6950 Apr 22 18:36 error.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root  183 Apr 22 18:37 my.log
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/logs]# tail -f my.log 
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2026:18:37:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/141.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

29.3 log_format

log_format：设置日志的输出格式，name 与上面的 format 名称一致，日志中格式就可以被引用、escape：输出内容格式

语法	log_format name [escape=default|json|none] string...;
默认值	log_format combined "...";
位置	http

 

 

 

 

# 修改配置文件
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/main.conf;
..........
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format myformat '=======> This is My format';
    access_log  logs/my.log myformat;
    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
..........
# 重新加载配置文件
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t && ../sbin/nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# tail -f ../logs/my.log 
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2026:18:37:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" \
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/141.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
=======> This is My format

日志内容记录的是浏览器上Request Headers中的 User-Agent 的内容

29.4 http_user_agent配置

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# cat nginx.conf
..........
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format myformat '=======> This is My format: $http_user_agent';
    access_log  logs/my.log myformat;
    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
..........
[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t && ../sbin/nginx -s reload
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

浏览器访问：http://10.0.0.100/

[root@nginx-100 /usr/local/nginx/logs]# tail -f my.log 
10.0.0.1 - - [22/Apr/2026:18:37:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 \
(Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/141.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
=======> This is My format
=======> This is My format

=======> This is My format: Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) \
AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/141.0.0.0 Mobile Safari/537.36

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