【六】Dockerfile
一、dockerfile简介
dockerfile是由docker提供的进行镜像自动化构建的配置文件，包含了所有用于构建镜像所执行的命令，通过dockerfile可以清晰明确的指定docker在制作镜像过程中执行的操作，也可以轻松的迁移dockerfile到其他机器来实现镜像的迁移。
简言之：她就是一个描述如何创建Docker镜像所需步骤的文本文件
二、dockerfile的使用方法
创建Dockerfile步骤：
1.mkdir dockerfilTest
2.cd dockerfilTest
3.touch Dockerfile
4.vi Dockerfile加入
FROM python:3.6-slim RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install git python-dev gcc WORKDIR /tmp ADD requirements.txt /tmp/ RUN pip3 install --upgrade pip RUN pip3 install python-dotenv RUN pip install -r requirements.txt WORKDIR /app
保存并退出
以及准备好生成镜像了，在同一目录下执行docker build命令即可：
[root@Centos1 dockerfilTest]# docker build -t build/first /root/dockerfilTest/ Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Sending build context to Docker daemon Step 0 : FROM python:3.6-slim 3.6-slim: Pulling from python 8cbeaa3aa3bb: Pull complete ab61590ad8ea: Pull complete 34dbe4f2f49b: Pull complete f263dedb590b: Pull complete 4f1d22d1f480: Pull complete f10877705d6f: Pull complete 2935f819ec51: Pull complete d37ac040b310: Pull complete 7391b40ea6f2: Pull complete 8b5113e028ff: Pull complete 48947099a257: Pull complete 2a60952542c1: Pull complete b2cb00ca207e: Pull complete 404d049b8b46: Pull complete Digest: sha256:613ea446ee90893008927ad45f02435ed6a16897a3d157a51d2c14507ef3c2e0 Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3.6-slim ---> 404d049b8b46 Step 1 : RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install git python-dev gcc ---> Running in 39889c8c2cef Get:1 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates InRelease [65.4 kB] Get:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster InRelease [122 kB] Get:3 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates InRelease [49.3 kB] Get:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages [7908 kB] Get:5 http://security.debian.org/debian-security buster/updates/main amd64 Packages [158 kB] Get:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-updates/main amd64 Packages [5792 B] Fetched 8308 kB in 1min 42s (81.4 kB/s) Reading package lists... Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... The following additional packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu bzip2 cpp cpp-8 file gcc-8 git-man krb5-locales less libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils libbsd0 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcurl3-gnutls libedit2 liberror-perl libexpat1-dev libgcc-8-dev libgdbm-compat4 libgomp1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libisl19 libitm1 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common liblsan0 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmpc3 libmpfr6 libmpx2 libnghttp2-14 libpcre2-8-0 libperl5.28 libpsl5 libpython-dev libpython-stdlib libpython2-dev libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libquadmath0 librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libssh2-1 libtsan0 libubsan1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxmuu1 linux-libc-dev manpages manpages-dev mime-support openssh-client patch perl perl-modules-5.28 publicsuffix python python-minimal python2 python2-dev python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal xauth xz-utils Suggested packages: binutils-doc bzip2-doc cpp-doc gcc-8-locales gcc-multilib make autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-8-multilib gcc-8-doc libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan5-dbg liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan1-dbg libmpx2-dbg libquadmath0-dbg gettext-base git-daemon-run | git-daemon-sysvinit git-doc git-el git-email git-gui gitk gitweb git-cvs git-mediawiki git-svn glibc-doc krb5-doc krb5-user sensible-utils libsasl2-modules-gssapi-mit | libsasl2-modules-gssapi-heimdal libsasl2-modules-ldap libsasl2-modules-otp libsasl2-modules-sql man-browser keychain libpam-ssh monkeysphere ssh-askpass ed diffutils-doc perl-doc libterm-readline-gnu-perl | libterm-readline-perl-perl libb-debug-perl liblocale-codes-perl python-doc python-tk python2-doc python2.7-doc binfmt-support The following NEW packages will be installed: binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu bzip2 cpp cpp-8 file gcc gcc-8 git git-man krb5-locales less libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils libbsd0 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcurl3-gnutls libedit2 liberror-perl libexpat1-dev libgcc-8-dev libgdbm-compat4 libgomp1 libgssapi-krb5-2 libisl19 libitm1 libk5crypto3 libkeyutils1 libkrb5-3 libkrb5support0 libldap-2.4-2 libldap-common liblsan0 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmpc3 libmpfr6 libmpx2 libnghttp2-14 libpcre2-8-0 libperl5.28 libpsl5 libpython-dev libpython-stdlib libpython2-dev libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib libquadmath0 librtmp1 libsasl2-2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-db libssh2-1 libtsan0 libubsan1 libx11-6 libx11-data libxau6 libxcb1 libxdmcp6 libxext6 libxmuu1 linux-libc-dev manpages manpages-dev mime-support openssh-client patch perl perl-modules-5.28 publicsuffix python python-dev python-minimal python2 python2-dev python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal xauth xz-utils 0 upgraded, 89 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 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Unpacking libsasl2-modules:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxau6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../61-libxau6_1%3a1.0.8-1+b2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxau6:amd64 (1:1.0.8-1+b2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxdmcp6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../62-libxdmcp6_1%3a1.1.2-3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxdmcp6:amd64 (1:1.1.2-3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxcb1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../63-libxcb1_1.13.1-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxcb1:amd64 (1.13.1-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libx11-data. Preparing to unpack .../64-libx11-data_2%3a1.6.7-1_all.deb ... Unpacking libx11-data (2:1.6.7-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libx11-6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../65-libx11-6_2%3a1.6.7-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libx11-6:amd64 (2:1.6.7-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxext6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../66-libxext6_2%3a1.3.3-1+b2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxext6:amd64 (2:1.3.3-1+b2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libxmuu1:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../67-libxmuu1_2%3a1.1.2-2+b3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libxmuu1:amd64 (2:1.1.2-2+b3) ... Selecting previously unselected package manpages-dev. Preparing to unpack .../68-manpages-dev_4.16-2_all.deb ... Unpacking manpages-dev (4.16-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package patch. Preparing to unpack .../69-patch_2.7.6-3+deb10u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking patch (2.7.6-3+deb10u1) ... Selecting previously unselected package publicsuffix. Preparing to unpack .../70-publicsuffix_20190415.1030-1_all.deb ... Unpacking publicsuffix (20190415.1030-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package python2.7-dev. Preparing to unpack .../71-python2.7-dev_2.7.16-2+deb10u1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking python2.7-dev (2.7.16-2+deb10u1) ... Selecting previously unselected package python2-dev. Preparing to unpack .../72-python2-dev_2.7.16-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking python2-dev (2.7.16-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package python-dev. Preparing to unpack .../73-python-dev_2.7.16-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking python-dev (2.7.16-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package xauth. Preparing to unpack .../74-xauth_1%3a1.0.10-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking xauth (1:1.0.10-1) ... Setting up perl-modules-5.28 (5.28.1-6) ... Setting up libxau6:amd64 (1:1.0.8-1+b2) ... Setting up libkeyutils1:amd64 (1.6-6) ... Setting up libpsl5:amd64 (0.20.2-2) ... Setting up mime-support (3.62) ... Setting up libmagic-mgc (1:5.35-4+deb10u1) ... Setting up manpages (4.16-2) ... Setting up libsasl2-modules:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-1) ... Setting up binutils-common:amd64 (2.31.1-16) ... Setting up libnghttp2-14:amd64 (1.36.0-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up libmagic1:amd64 (1:5.35-4+deb10u1) ... Setting up less (487-0.1+b1) ... debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (TERM is not set, so the dialog frontend is not usable.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline Setting up linux-libc-dev:amd64 (4.19.67-2+deb10u2) ... Setting up krb5-locales (1.17-3) ... Setting up file (1:5.35-4+deb10u1) ... Setting up libgomp1:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up bzip2 (1.0.6-9.2~deb10u1) ... Setting up libldap-common (2.4.47+dfsg-3+deb10u1) ... Setting up libkrb5support0:amd64 (1.17-3) ... Setting up libsasl2-modules-db:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-1) ... Setting up libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.16-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up libasan5:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up libx11-data (2:1.6.7-1) ... Setting up libmpfr6:amd64 (4.0.2-1) ... Setting up librtmp1:amd64 (2.4+20151223.gitfa8646d.1-2) ... Setting up xz-utils (5.2.4-1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/xz to provide /usr/bin/lzma (lzma) in auto mode update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzma.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xz.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/unlzma.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/unxz.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzcat.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzcat.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzmore.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzmore.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzless.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzless.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzdiff.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzdiff.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzcmp.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzcmp.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzgrep.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzgrep.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzegrep.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzegrep.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/lzfgrep.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/xzfgrep.1.gz (of link group lzma) doesn't exist Setting up libquadmath0:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up libmpc3:amd64 (1.1.0-1) ... Setting up libatomic1:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up patch (2.7.6-3+deb10u1) ... Setting up libgdbm-compat4:amd64 (1.18.1-4) ... Setting up libpcre2-8-0:amd64 (10.32-5) ... Setting up libk5crypto3:amd64 (1.17-3) ... Setting up libsasl2-2:amd64 (2.1.27+dfsg-1) ... Setting up libperl5.28:amd64 (5.28.1-6) ... Setting up libmpx2:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up libubsan1:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up libisl19:amd64 (0.20-2) ... Setting up git-man (1:2.20.1-2) ... Setting up libssh2-1:amd64 (1.8.0-2.1) ... Setting up libkrb5-3:amd64 (1.17-3) ... Setting up libbinutils:amd64 (2.31.1-16) ... Setting up cpp-8 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up libc-dev-bin (2.28-10) ... Setting up libbsd0:amd64 (0.9.1-2) ... Setting up publicsuffix (20190415.1030-1) ... Setting up libcc1-0:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up liblsan0:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up libitm1:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu (2.31.1-16) ... Setting up libtsan0:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up manpages-dev (4.16-2) ... Setting up libxdmcp6:amd64 (1:1.1.2-3) ... Setting up libpython2.7:amd64 (2.7.16-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up libxcb1:amd64 (1.13.1-2) ... Setting up python2.7 (2.7.16-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up libpython2-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up libedit2:amd64 (3.1-20181209-1) ... Setting up libldap-2.4-2:amd64 (2.4.47+dfsg-3+deb10u1) ... Setting up binutils (2.31.1-16) ... Setting up python2 (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up libpython-stdlib:amd64 (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up perl (5.28.1-6) ... Setting up libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64 (1.17-3) ... Setting up libgcc-8-dev:amd64 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up cpp (4:8.3.0-1) ... Setting up libc6-dev:amd64 (2.28-10) ... Setting up libx11-6:amd64 (2:1.6.7-1) ... Setting up python (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up libxmuu1:amd64 (2:1.1.2-2+b3) ... Setting up gcc-8 (8.3.0-6) ... Setting up openssh-client (1:7.9p1-10+deb10u1) ... Setting up libxext6:amd64 (2:1.3.3-1+b2) ... Setting up libcurl3-gnutls:amd64 (7.64.0-4) ... Setting up gcc (4:8.3.0-1) ... Setting up liberror-perl (0.17027-2) ... Setting up libexpat1-dev:amd64 (2.2.6-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up git (1:2.20.1-2) ... Setting up xauth (1:1.0.10-1) ... Setting up libpython2.7-dev:amd64 (2.7.16-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up libpython2-dev:amd64 (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.16-2+deb10u1) ... Setting up python2-dev (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up libpython-dev:amd64 (2.7.16-1) ... Setting up python-dev (2.7.16-1) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.28-10) ... ---> 60bcfd258838 Removing intermediate container 39889c8c2cef Step 2 : WORKDIR /tmp ---> Running in 90e20e4b9ac5 ---> 01c25201d263 Removing intermediate container 90e20e4b9ac5 Step 3 : ADD requirements.txt /tmp/ requirements.txt: no such file or directory [root@Centos1 dockerfilTest]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE <none> <none> 01c25201d263 12 seconds ago 479.1 MB <none> <none> d8106dbcd290 54 minutes ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> b698458a3d6b About an hour ago 273.5 MB python 3.6-slim 404d049b8b46 3 hours ago 173.8 MB debian latest 97b9b3e4e792 19 hours ago 114 MB ubuntu latest a177d12adaa2 3 weeks ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> ac5bce8377e2 5 weeks ago 55.65 MB centos latest d97a52facc3f 7 weeks ago 219.5 MB registry latest f99738109191 8 months ago 25.76 MB [root@Centos1 dockerfilTest]# docker images -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE <none> <none> 01c25201d263 3 minutes ago 479.1 MB <none> <none> 60bcfd258838 3 minutes ago 479.1 MB <none> <none> d8106dbcd290 57 minutes ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> 54b9bd168aa9 57 minutes ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> b698458a3d6b About an hour ago 273.5 MB <none> <none> f5a0925e0bbe About an hour ago 261 MB <none> <none> a83763e5978f About an hour ago 219.5 MB python 3.6-slim 404d049b8b46 3 hours ago 173.8 MB <none> <none> b2cb00ca207e 3 hours ago 173.8 MB <none> <none> 2a60952542c1 3 hours ago 166.4 MB <none> <none> 8b5113e028ff 3 hours ago 166.4 MB <none> <none> 7391b40ea6f2 3 hours ago 166.4 MB <none> <none> 48947099a257 3 hours ago 166.4 MB <none> <none> d37ac040b310 3 hours ago 166.4 MB <none> <none> 2935f819ec51 3 hours ago 76.21 MB <none> <none> f10877705d6f 4 hours ago 76.21 MB <none> <none> 4f1d22d1f480 4 hours ago 76.21 MB <none> <none> 34dbe4f2f49b 4 hours ago 69.19 MB <none> <none> f263dedb590b 4 hours ago 69.19 MB <none> <none> ab61590ad8ea 19 hours ago 69.19 MB <none> <none> 8cbeaa3aa3bb 19 hours ago 69.19 MB <none> <none> b5bb0ba3f4f0 19 hours ago 114 MB debian latest 97b9b3e4e792 19 hours ago 114 MB <none> <none> eb51cd05edf7 3 weeks ago 64.19 MB ubuntu latest a177d12adaa2 3 weeks ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> e860e2382707 3 weeks ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> efe9b9ee6f80 3 weeks ago 64.19 MB <none> <none> 0849d1d6d069 3 weeks ago 63.2 MB <none> <none> ac5bce8377e2 5 weeks ago 55.65 MB <none> <none> bc91a2cfccce 5 weeks ago 55.32 MB <none> <none> fd08d85d9416 5 weeks ago 55.32 MB centos latest d97a52facc3f 7 weeks ago 219.5 MB <none> <none> e14ebbddc50c 7 weeks ago 219.5 MB <none> <none> 29358666b892 7 weeks ago 219.5 MB registry latest f99738109191 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> a2f981cd64ba 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> e003ce632a6d 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> 0065ebdad215 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> d33041cd4577 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> d0f44026bcfd 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> ee207260066f 8 months ago 5.679 MB <none> <none> 1a6638ea4ae6 8 months ago 25.76 MB <none> <none> 3ade34601851 8 months ago 4.409 MB <none> <none> 5051fe558ac9 8 months ago 4.409 MB [root@Centos1 dockerfilTest]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@Centos1 dockerfilTest]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES be78b4da1d5e d8106dbcd290be7893bddf4dc00750a682a7f3c1a165e64eb7d0e1628c3ca6fc "/bin/sh -c 'apt-get 57 minutes ago Exited (100) 54 minutes ago serene_leakey 6444000b83f7 a83763e5978f6f4f44e720445aed54e1f7231ce85527e66084d4b6698b67ce16 "/bin/sh -c 'yum ins About an hour ago Exited (1) About an hour ago agitated_jang 2d7ced04648f d97a52facc3f "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (127) 2 hours ago sharp_kilby a0961ba1e5a9 97b9b3e4e792 "bash" 2 hours ago Exited (127) 2 hours ago desperate_brown 68a2751d4a96 debian "echo 'Hello World'" 4 hours ago Exited (127) 4 hours ago grave_euclid 948c182da980 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 6 days ago Exited (127) 6 days ago ecstatic_pasteur b2dd9270cb7b centos "/bin/bash" 6 days ago Exited (127) 6 days ago reverent_almeida
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