Python(2)

1.

在Python中有三种内建的数据结构——列表、元组和字典

 

2.

### list begin

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: using_list.py

# This is my shopping list
shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana']

print 'I have', len(shoplist),'items to purchase.'

print 'These items are:', # Notice the comma at end of the line
for item in shoplist:
    print item,

print '\nI also have to buy rice.'
shoplist.append('rice')
print 'My shopping list is now', shoplist

print 'I will sort my list now'
shoplist.sort()
print 'Sorted shopping list is', shoplist

print 'The first item I will buy is', shoplist[0]
olditem = shoplist[0]
del shoplist[0]
print 'I bought the', olditem
print 'My shopping list is now', shoplist

### list end

help (list)

3.

元组和列表十分类似，只不过元组和字符串一样是 不可变的 即你不能修改元组。

index begins from 0

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: using_tuple.py

zoo = ('wolf', 'elephant', 'penguin')
print 'Number of animals in the zoo is', len(zoo)

new_zoo = ('monkey', 'dolphin', zoo)
print 'Number of animals in the new zoo is', len(new_zoo)
print 'All animals in new zoo are', new_zoo
print 'Animals brought from old zoo are', new_zoo[2]
print 'Last animal brought from old zoo is', new_zoo[2][2]

4.

### dict begin

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: using_dict.py

# 'ab' is short for 'a'ddress'b'ook

ab = {       'Swaroop'   : 'swaroopch@byteofpython.info',
             'Larry'     : 'larry@wall.org',
             'Matsumoto' : 'matz@ruby-lang.org',
             'Spammer'   : 'spammer@hotmail.com'
     }

print "Swaroop's address is %s" % ab['Swaroop']

# Adding a key/value pair
ab['Guido'] = 'guido@python.org'

# Deleting a key/value pair
del ab['Spammer']

print '\nThere are %d contacts in the address-book\n' % len(ab)
for name, address in ab.items():
    print 'Contact %s at %s' % (name, address)

if 'Guido' in ab: # OR ab.has_key('Guido')
    print "\nGuido's address is %s" % ab['Guido']

### dict end

 

4.

### print format begin

age = 22
name = 'Swaroop'

print ('%s is %d years old' % (name, age))
print ('Why is %s playing with that python?' % name )

### print format end

%s表示字符串或%d表示整数

 

5.

### slicing and indexing begin

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: seq.py

shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana']

# Indexing or 'Subscription' operation
print 'Item 0 is', shoplist[0]
print 'Item 1 is', shoplist[1]
print 'Item 2 is', shoplist[2]
print 'Item 3 is', shoplist[3]
print 'Item -1 is', shoplist[-1]
print 'Item -2 is', shoplist[-2]

# Slicing on a list
print 'Item 1 to 3 is', shoplist[1:3]
print 'Item 2 to end is', shoplist[2:]
print 'Item 1 to -1 is', shoplist[1:-1]
print 'Item start to end is', shoplist[:]

# Slicing on a string
name = 'swaroop'
print 'characters 1 to 3 is', name[1:3]
print 'characters 2 to end is', name[2:]
print 'characters 1 to -1 is', name[1:-1]
print 'characters start to end is', name[:]

### slicing and indexing end

6.

### reference begin

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: reference.py

print 'Simple Assignment'
shoplist = ['apple', 'mango', 'carrot', 'banana']
mylist = shoplist # mylist is just another name pointing to the same object!

del shoplist[0]

print 'shoplist is', shoplist
print 'mylist is', mylist
# notice that both shoplist and mylist both print the same list without
# the 'apple' confirming that they point to the same object

print 'Copy by making a full slice'
mylist = shoplist[:] # make a copy by doing a full slice
del mylist[0] # remove first item

print 'shoplist is', shoplist
print 'mylist is', mylist
# notice that now the two lists are different

### reference end

如果你想要复制一个列表或者类似的序列或者其他复杂的对象（不是如整数那样的简单 对象 ），那么你必须使用切片操作符来取得拷贝。如果你只是想要使用另一个变量名，两个名称都 参考 同一个对象，那么如果你不小心的话，可能会引来各种麻烦。

8.

### string operation begin

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: str_methods.py

name = 'Swaroop' # This is a string object

if name.startswith('Swa'):
    print 'Yes, the string starts with "Swa"'

if 'a' in name:
    print 'Yes, it contains the string "a"'

if name.find('war') != -1:
    print 'Yes, it contains the string "war"'

delimiter = '_*_'
mylist = ['Brazil', 'Russia', 'India', 'China']
print delimiter.join(mylist)

### string operation end