摘录：原文来自RFC 2616
1 Introduction ...................................................7
1.1 Purpose......................................................7
1.2 Requirements .................................................8
1.3 Terminology ..................................................8
1.4 Overall Operation ...........................................12
2 Notational Conventions and Generic Grammar ....................14
2.1 Augmented BNF ...............................................14
2.2 Basic Rules .................................................15
3 Protocol Parameters ...........................................17
3.1 HTTP Version ................................................17
3.2 Uniform Resource Identifiers ................................18
3.2.1 General Syntax ...........................................19
3.2.2 http URL .................................................19
3.2.3 URI Comparison ...........................................20
3.3 Date/Time Formats ...........................................20
3.3.1 Full Date ................................................20
3.3.2 Delta Seconds ............................................21
3.4 Character Sets ..............................................21
3.4.1 Missing Charset ..........................................22
3.5 Content Codings .............................................23
3.6 Transfer Codings ............................................24
3.6.1 Chunked Transfer Coding ..................................25
3.7 Media Types .................................................26
3.7.1 Canonicalization and Text Defaults .......................27
3.7.2 Multipart Types ..........................................27
3.8 Product Tokens ..............................................28
3.9 Quality Values ..............................................29
3.10 Language Tags ...............................................29
3.11 Entity Tags .................................................30
3.12 Range Units .................................................30
4 HTTP Message ..................................................31
4.1 Message Types ...............................................31
4.2 Message Headers .............................................31
4.3 Message Body ................................................32
4.4 Message Length ..............................................33
4.5 General Header Fields .......................................34
5 Request .......................................................35
5.1 Request-Line ................................................35
5.1.1 Method ...................................................36
5.1.2 Request-URI ..............................................36
5.2 The Resource Identified by a Request ........................38
5.3 Request Header Fields .......................................38
6 Response ......................................................39
6.1 Status-Line .................................................39
6.1.1 Status Code and Reason Phrase ............................39
6.2 Response Header Fields ......................................41
7 Entity ........................................................42
7.1 Entity Header Fields ........................................42
7.2 Entity Body .................................................43
7.2.1 Type .....................................................43
7.2.2 Entity Length ............................................43
8 Connections ...................................................44
8.1 Persistent Connections ......................................44
8.1.1 Purpose ..................................................44
8.1.2 Overall Operation ........................................45
8.1.3 Proxy Servers ............................................46
8.1.4 Practical Considerations .................................46
8.2 Message Transmission Requirements ...........................47
8.2.1 Persistent Connections and Flow Control ..................47
8.2.2 Monitoring Connections for Error Status Messages .........48
8.2.3 Use of the 100 (Continue) Status .........................48
8.2.4 Client Behavior if Server Prematurely Closes Connection ..50
9 Method Definitions ............................................51
9.1 Safe and Idempotent Methods .................................51
9.1.1 Safe Methods .............................................51
9.1.2 Idempotent Methods .......................................51
9.2 OPTIONS .....................................................52
9.3 GET .........................................................53
9.4 HEAD ........................................................54
9.5 POST ........................................................54
9.6 PUT .........................................................55
9.7 DELETE ......................................................56
9.8 TRACE .......................................................56
9.9 CONNECT .....................................................57
10 Status Code Definitions ......................................57
10.1 Informational 1xx ...........................................57
10.1.1 100 Continue .............................................58
10.1.2 101 Switching Protocols ..................................58
10.2 Successful 2xx ..............................................58
10.2.1 200 OK ...................................................58
10.2.2 201 Created ..............................................59
10.2.3 202 Accepted .............................................59
10.2.4 203 Non-Authoritative Information ........................59
10.2.5 204 No Content ...........................................60
10.2.6 205 Reset Content ........................................60
10.2.7 206 Partial Content ......................................60
10.3 Redirection 3xx .............................................61
10.3.1 300 Multiple Choices .....................................61
10.3.2 301 Moved Permanently ....................................62
10.3.3 302 Found ................................................62
10.3.4 303 See Other ............................................63
10.3.5 304 Not Modified .........................................63
10.3.6 305 Use Proxy ............................................64
10.3.7 306 (Unused) .............................................64
10.3.8 307 Temporary Redirect ...................................65
10.4 Client Error 4xx ............................................65
10.4.1 400 Bad Request .........................................65
10.4.2 401 Unauthorized ........................................66
10.4.3 402 Payment Required ....................................66
10.4.4 403 Forbidden ...........................................66
10.4.5 404 Not Found ...........................................66
10.4.6 405 Method Not Allowed ..................................66
10.4.7 406 Not Acceptable ......................................67
10.4.8 407 Proxy Authentication Required .......................67
10.4.9 408 Request Timeout .....................................67
10.4.10 409 Conflict ............................................67
10.4.11 410 Gone ................................................68
10.4.12 411 Length Required .....................................68
10.4.13 412 Precondition Failed .................................68
10.4.14 413 Request Entity Too Large ............................69
10.4.15 414 Request-URI Too Long ................................69
10.4.16 415 Unsupported Media Type ..............................69
10.4.17 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable .....................69
10.4.18 417 Expectation Failed ..................................70
10.5 Server Error 5xx ............................................70
10.5.1 500 Internal Server Error ................................70
10.5.2 501 Not Implemented ......................................70
10.5.3 502 Bad Gateway ..........................................70
10.5.4 503 Service Unavailable ..................................70
10.5.5 504 Gateway Timeout ......................................71
10.5.6 505 HTTP Version Not Supported ...........................71
11 Access Authentication ........................................71
12 Content Negotiation ..........................................71
12.1 Server-driven Negotiation ...................................72
12.2 Agent-driven Negotiation ....................................73
12.3 Transparent Negotiation .....................................74
13 Caching in HTTP ..............................................74
13.1.1 Cache Correctness ........................................75
13.1.2 Warnings .................................................76
13.1.3 Cache-control Mechanisms .................................77
13.1.4 Explicit User Agent Warnings .............................78
13.1.5 Exceptions to the Rules and Warnings .....................78
13.1.6 Client-controlled Behavior ...............................79
13.2 Expiration Model ............................................79
13.2.1 Server-Specified Expiration ..............................79
13.2.2 Heuristic Expiration .....................................80
13.2.3 Age Calculations .........................................80
13.2.4 Expiration Calculations ..................................83
13.2.5 Disambiguating Expiration Values .........................84
13.2.6 Disambiguating Multiple Responses ........................84
13.3 Validation Model ............................................85
13.3.1 Last-Modified Dates ......................................86
13.3.2 Entity Tag Cache Validators ..............................86
13.3.3 Weak and Strong Validators ...............................86
13.3.4 Rules for When to Use Entity Tags and Last-Modified Dates.89
13.3.5 Non-validating Conditionals ..............................90
13.4 Response Cacheability .......................................91
13.5 Constructing Responses From Caches ..........................92
13.5.1 End-to-end and Hop-by-hop Headers ........................92
13.5.2 Non-modifiable Headers ...................................92
13.5.3 Combining Headers ........................................94
13.5.4 Combining Byte Ranges ....................................95
13.6 Caching Negotiated Responses ................................95
13.7 Shared and Non-Shared Caches ................................96
13.8 Errors or Incomplete Response Cache Behavior ................97
13.9 Side Effects of GET and HEAD ................................97
13.10 Invalidation After Updates or Deletions ...................97
13.11 Write-Through Mandatory ...................................98
13.12 Cache Replacement .........................................99
13.13 History Lists .............................................99
14 Header Field Definitions ....................................100
14.1 Accept .....................................................100
14.2 Accept-Charset .............................................102
14.3 Accept-Encoding ............................................102
14.4 Accept-Language ............................................104
14.5 Accept-Ranges ..............................................105
14.6 Age ........................................................106
14.7 Allow ......................................................106
14.8 Authorization ..............................................107
14.9 Cache-Control ..............................................108
14.9.1 What is Cacheable .......................................109
14.9.2 What May be Stored by Caches ............................110
14.9.3 Modifications of the Basic Expiration Mechanism .........111
14.9.4 Cache Revalidation and Reload Controls ..................113
14.9.5 No-Transform Directive ..................................115
14.9.6 Cache Control Extensions ................................116
14.10 Connection ...............................................117
14.11 Content-Encoding .........................................118
14.12 Content-Language .........................................118
14.13 Content-Length ...........................................119
14.14 Content-Location .........................................120
14.15 Content-MD5 ..............................................121
14.16 Content-Range ............................................122
14.17 Content-Type .............................................124
14.18 Date .....................................................124
14.18.1 Clockless Origin Server Operation ......................125
14.19 ETag .....................................................126
14.20 Expect ...................................................126
14.21 Expires ..................................................127
14.22 From .....................................................128
14.23 Host .....................................................128
14.24 If-Match .................................................129
14.25 If-Modified-Since ........................................130
14.26 If-None-Match ............................................132
14.27 If-Range .................................................133
14.28 If-Unmodified-Since ......................................134
14.29 Last-Modified ............................................134
14.30 Location .................................................135
14.31 Max-Forwards .............................................136
14.32 Pragma ...................................................136
14.33 Proxy-Authenticate .......................................137
14.34 Proxy-Authorization ......................................137
14.35 Range ....................................................138
14.35.1 Byte Ranges ...........................................138
14.35.2 Range Retrieval Requests ..............................139
14.36 Referer ..................................................140
14.37 Retry-After ..............................................141
14.38 Server ...................................................141
14.39 TE .......................................................142
14.40 Trailer ..................................................143
14.41 Transfer-Encoding..........................................143
14.42 Upgrade ..................................................144
14.43 User-Agent ...............................................145
14.44 Vary .....................................................145
14.45 Via ......................................................146
14.46 Warning ..................................................148
14.47 WWW-Authenticate .........................................150
15 Security Considerations .......................................150
15.1 Personal Information....................................151
15.1.1 Abuse of Server Log Information .........................151
15.1.2 Transfer of Sensitive Information .......................151
15.1.3 Encoding Sensitive Information in URI's .................152
15.1.4 Privacy Issues Connected to Accept Headers ..............152
15.2 Attacks Based On File and Path Names .......................153
15.3 DNS Spoofing ...............................................154
15.4 Location Headers and Spoofing ..............................154
15.5 Content-Disposition Issues .................................154
15.6 Authentication Credentials and Idle Clients ................155
15.7 Proxies and Caching ........................................155
15.7.1 Denial of Service Attacks on Proxies....................156
16 Acknowledgments .............................................156
17 References ..................................................158
18 Authors' Addresses ..........................................162
19 Appendices ..................................................164
19.1 Internet Media Type message/http and application/http ......164
19.2 Internet Media Type multipart/byteranges ...................165
19.3 Tolerant Applications ......................................166
19.4 Differences Between HTTP Entities and RFC 2045 Entities ....167
19.4.1 MIME-Version ............................................167
19.4.2 Conversion to Canonical Form ............................167
19.4.3 Conversion of Date Formats ..............................168
19.4.4 Introduction of Content-Encoding ........................168
19.4.5 No Content-Transfer-Encoding ............................168
19.4.6 Introduction of Transfer-Encoding .......................169
19.4.7 MHTML and Line Length Limitations .......................169
19.5 Additional Features ........................................169
19.5.1 Content-Disposition .....................................170
19.6 Compatibility with Previous Versions .......................170
19.6.1 Changes from HTTP/1.0 ...................................171
19.6.2 Compatibility with HTTP/1.0 Persistent Connections ......172
19.6.3 Changes from RFC 2068 ...................................172
20 Index .......................................................175
21 Full Copyright Statement ....................................176
目录解析，总共分为21个章节，阅读的工程还是比较大的，本人英文水平有限，还请见谅。
目的：为了增强对http的原理的了解阅读http源协议是一个不错的过程，可以了解标准的细则和制定的原因，一手资料才是永远的神。
目标：逐个章节的阅读和理解，并结合代码理解设计目标。
第一张节：介绍
第二章：符号约定和通用语法
第三章：协议参数
第四章：HTTP 消息结构
第五章：HTPP的请求 request
第六章：HTTP的回复 response
第七章：HTTP的实体构成
第八章：HTTP的连接 http属于短连接
第九章：HTTP的方法定义
第十章：HTTP的响应状态码
第十一章：HTTP的访问身份验证
第十二章：HTTP的内容协商
第十三章：HTTP的缓存
第十四章：HTTP的标字头（Header）的内容定义
第十五章：HTTP的安全注意事项
第十六章：校验和感谢
第十七章：引用
第十八章：作者
第十九章：附录
第二十章：索引
第二十一章：版权声明
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