ASP.NET中的身份验证方式

为什么需要身份验证?

在B/S系统开发中,经常需要使用“身份验证”。因为web应用程序非常特殊,和传统的C/S程序不同,默认情况下(不采用任何身份验证方式和权限控制手段),当你的程序在互联网/局域网上公开后,任何人都能够访问你的web应用程序的资源,这样很难保障应用程序安全性。通俗点来说:对于大多数的内部系统、业务支撑平台等而言,用户必须登录,否则无法访问和操作任何页面。而对于互联网(网站)而言,又有些差异,因为通常网站的大部分页面和信息都是对外公开的,只有涉及到注册用户个人信息的操作,或者网站的后台管理等才需要提示登录。(如果不做严格验证,后果将很严重,人家一旦猜出你web目录下面的页面名,可以随意访问。

 

asp.net提供了三种验证方式:windows身份验证, Forms验证和Passport验证

windows身份验证: IIS根据应用程序的设置执行身份验证.要使用这种验证方式,在IIS中必须禁用匿名访问.
Forms验证:用Cookie来保存用户凭证,并将未经身份验证的用户重定向到自定义的登录页.
Passport验证:通过Microsoft的集中身份验证服务执行的,他为成员站点提供单独登录和核心配置文件服务.

一. 配置windows身份验证
     1)配置IIS设置
       

 2)设置Web.config
     <system.web>
            <authentication mode = "Windows">
            <!--通知操作系统将当前登录的用户的信任书传递给浏览器-->
             <authorization>
                  <!--禁止匿名用户访问-->
                  <deny users = "?"/>
            </authorization>
     </system.web>

二.配置Forms身份认证
    1)配置web.config

 

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- 
    Note: As an alternative to hand editing this file you can use the 
    web admin tool to configure settings for your application. Use
    the Website->Asp.Net Configuration option in Visual Studio.
    A full list of settings and comments can be found in 
    machine.config.comments usually located in 
    /Windows/Microsoft.Net/Framework/v2.x/Config 
-->
<configuration>
 <appSettings/>
 <connectionStrings/>
  <!--允许匿名用户登录register.aspx页-->
  <location path="register.aspx">
    <system.web>
      <authorization>
        <allow users="?" />
      </authorization>
    </system.web>
  </location>
 <system.web>
  <!-- 
            Set compilation debug="true" to insert debugging 
            symbols into the compiled page. Because this 
            affects performance, set this value to true only 
            during development.
        -->
  <compilation debug="true"/>
  <!--
            The <authentication> section enables configuration 
            of the security authentication mode used by 
            ASP.NET to identify an incoming user. 
        -->
  <authentication mode="Forms">
   <forms name="auth" loginUrl="login.aspx" timeout="30" protection="All" path="/"></forms>
  </authentication>
  <!--禁止匿名用户登录-->
  <authorization>
   <deny users="?"/>
  </authorization>
  <!--
            The <customErrors> section enables configuration 
            of what to do if/when an unhandled error occurs 
            during the execution of a request. Specifically, 
            it enables developers to configure html error pages 
            to be displayed in place of a error stack trace.

        <customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" defaultRedirect="GenericErrorPage.htm">
            <error statusCode="403" redirect="NoAccess.htm" />
            <error statusCode="404" redirect="FileNotFound.htm" />
        </customErrors>
        -->
 </system.web>
</configuration>

 2)登录页面代码

     login.aspx

1<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="login.aspx.cs" Inherits="login" %>
 2
 3<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
 4
 5<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
 6<head runat="server">
 7    <title>Untitled Page</title>
 8</head>
 9<body>
10    <form id="form1" runat="server">
11    <div>
12        <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
13        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="登陆" /></div>
14    </form>
15</body>
16</html>

 1using System;
 2using System.Data;
 3using System.Configuration;
 4using System.Collections;
 5using System.Web;
 6using System.Web.Security;
 7using System.Web.UI;
 8using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
 9using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
10using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
11
12public partial class login : System.Web.UI.Page
13{
14    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
15    {
16
17    }
18    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
19    {
20        FormsAuthentication.RedirectFromLoginPage(this.TextBox1.Text, false);
21    }
22}
23

三.配置Passport身份认证
    需要安装Passport Software Developer Kit.这种认证方式适合于跨站之间的应用,用户只有一个用户名和密码可以访问任何成员站。 

 

 

posted @ 2012-07-22 09:44  Joy Ho  阅读(273)  评论(0)    收藏  举报