一 Django自带序列化组件
二 rest-framework序列化之Serializer
models部分:
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.IntegerField()
pub_date=models.DateField()
publish=models.ForeignKey("Publish")
authors=models.ManyToManyField("Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
email=models.EmailField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
age=models.IntegerField()
def __str__(self):
return self.name
view部分：
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
title=serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price=serializers.IntegerField()
pub_date=serializers.DateField()
publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")
#authors=serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
temp=[]
for author in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(author.name)
return temp
#此处可以继续用author的Serializers，
# def get_authors(self,obj):
# ret=obj.authors.all()
# ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
# return ss.data
class BookViewSet(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
# 序列化方式1:
# from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# import json
# data=[]
# for obj in book_list:
# data.append(model_to_dict(obj))
# print(data)
# return HttpResponse("ok")
# 序列化方式2:
# data=serializers.serialize("json",book_list)
# return HttpResponse(data)
# 序列化方式3:
bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True) #many=True代表有多条数据，如果只有一条数据，many=False
return Response(bs.data)
# 序列化方式4:
# ret=models.Book.objects.all().values('nid','title')
# dd=list(ret)
# return HttpResponse(json.dumps(dd))
注意：
source 如果是字段，会显示字段，如果是方法，会执行方法，不用加括号（authors=serializers.CharField(source='authors.all')）
如在模型中定义一个方法，直接可以在在source指定执行
class UserInfo(models.Model): user_type_choices = ( (1,'普通用户'), (2,'VIP'), (3,'SVIP'), ) user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices) username = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True) password = models.CharField(max_length=64) #视图 ret=models.UserInfo.objects.filter(pk=1).first() aa=ret.get_user_type_display() #serializer xx=serializers.CharField(source='get_user_type_display')
三 rest-framework序列化之ModelSerializer
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
# fields = "__all__"
fields=['nid','title','authors','publish']
# exclude=('nid',) #不能跟fields同时用
# depth = 1 #深度控制，写 几 往里拿几层，层数越多，响应越慢，官方建议0--10之间，个人建议最多3层
publish=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_publish(self,obj):
return obj.publish.name
authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
ret=obj.authors.all()
ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
return ss.data
四 生成hypermedialink（极少数）
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields = "__all__"
# 生成连接，直接查看出版社详情
publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='ttt', lookup_field='publish_id', lookup_url_kwarg='pkk')
authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_authors(self,obj):
ret=obj.authors.all()
ss=AuthorSerializer(ret,many=True)
return ss.data
#--------------
res=BookSerializers(ret,many=True,context={'request': request})
#--------------
class Publish(APIView): def get(self,request,pkk): print(pkk) return HttpResponse('ok') #----路由--- url(r'^publish/(?P<pkk>\d+)$', views.Publish.as_view(),name='ttt'),
五 序列化组件之请求数据校验和保存功能
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Book
fields="__all__"
#————————
class BookView(APIView):
def post(self, request):
# 添加一条数据
print(request.data)
bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)
if bs.is_valid():
bs.save() # 生成记录
return Response(bs.data)
else:
return Response(bs.errors)
class BookSerializer1(serializers.Serializer):
title=serializers.CharField(error_messages={'required': '标题不能为空'})
#这种方式要保存，必须重写create方法
通过源码查看留的校验字段的钩子函数：
#is_valid---->self.run_validation-(执行Serializer的run_validation)-->self.to_internal_value(data)---（执行Serializer的run_validation：485行）
def validate_title(self, value): from rest_framework import exceptions raise exceptions.ValidationError('看你不顺眼') return value
#全局
def validate(self, attrs):
from rest_framework import exceptions
if attrs.get('title')== attrs.get('title2'):
return attrs
else:
raise exceptions.ValidationError('不想等啊')
序列化组件源码分析
序列化组件，先调用__new__方法，如果many=True，生成ListSerializer对象，如果为False，生成Serializer对象 序列化对象.data方法--调用父类data方法---调用对象自己的to_representation（自定义的序列化类无此方法，去父类找） Aerializer类里有to_representation方法，for循环执行attribute = field.get_attribute(instance) 再去Field类里去找get_attribute方法，self.source_attrs就是被切分的source，然后执行get_attribute方法，source_attrs 当参数传过去，判断是方法就加括号执行，是属性就把值取出来
图书的增删查改resful接口：
视图层：
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model=models.Book fields='__all__' class BookView(APIView): def get(self, request): book_list = models.Book.objects.all() bs = BookSerializers(book_list, many=True) # 序列化数据 return Response(bs.data) def post(self, request): # 添加一条数据 print(request.data) bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() # 生成记录 return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) class BookDetailView(APIView): def get(self,request,pk): book_obj=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,many=False) return Response(bs.data) def put(self,request,pk): book_obj = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first() bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,instance=book_obj) if bs.is_valid(): bs.save() # update return Response(bs.data) else: return Response(bs.errors) def delete(self,request,pk): models.Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete() return Response("")
路由
url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view()), url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
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