实验4 数组应用编程

实验任务1

1-1

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define N 4

int main() {

    int a[N] = { 1, 9, 8, 4 };
    char b[N] = { '1', '9', '8', '4' };
    int i;

    printf("sizeof(int) = %d\n", sizeof(int));
    printf("sizeof(char) = %d\n", sizeof(char));
    printf("\n");

    // 输出一维int数组a中每个元素的地址、值
    for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
        printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i], a[i]);
    printf("\n");

    // 输出一维char数组b中每个元素的地址、值
    for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
        printf("%p: %c\n", &b[i], b[i]);
    printf("\n");

    // 输出数组名a和b对应的值
    printf("a = %p\n", a);
    printf("b = %p\n", b);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

1.是连续存放的，4个字节

2.是连续存放的，1个字节

3.都是一样的

 

1-2

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define N 2
#define M 4

int main() {

int a[N][M] = {{1, 9, 8, 4}, {2, 0, 2, 2}};
char b[N][M] = {{'1', '9', '8', '4'}, {'2', '0', '2', '2'}};
int i, j;

// 输出二维数组a中每个元素的地址和值
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < M; ++j)printf("%p: %d\n", &a[i][j], a[i][j]);
printf("\n");

// 输出二维数组a中每个元素的地址和值
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < M; ++j)
printf("%p: %c\n", &b[i][j], b[i][j]);

system("pause");
return 0;
}

 

 

1.是，4个内存字节

2.是，1个内存字节

 

实验任务2

#include<stdio.h>
#define N 13
 
int days_of_year(int year,int month,int day);
 
int main(){
    int year,month,day;
    int days;
    while(scanf_s("%d%d%d",&year,&month,&day)!=EOF){
        days=days_of_year(year,month,day);
        printf("%4d-%02d-%02d是这一年的第%d天.\n\n",year,month,day,days);
    }
    return 0;
}
 
int days_of_year(int year,int month,int day){
    int s=0,i;
    int a[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
    if(year%400==0||year%4==0&&year%100!=0)a[2]=29;
    for(i=0;i<month;i++)s=s+a[i];
    s=s+day;
    return s;
}

 

 

实验任务3

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define N 5
 
// 函数声明
void input(int x[], int n);
void output(int x[], int n);
double average(int x[], int n);
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n);
 
int main() {
    int scores[N];
    double ave;
 
    printf("录入%d个分数:\n", N);
    input(scores, N);
 
    printf("\n输出课程分数: \n");
    output(scores, N);
 
    printf("\n课程分数处理: 计算均分、排序...\n");
    ave = average(scores, N);
    bubble_sort(scores, N);
 
    printf("\n输出课程均分: %.2f\n", ave);
    printf("\n输出课程分数(高->低):\n");
    output(scores, N);
 
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
 
// 函数定义
// 输入n个整数保存到整型数组x中
void input(int x[], int n) {
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        scanf_s("%d", &x[i]);
}
 
// 输出整型数组x中n个元素
void output(int x[], int n) {
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        printf("%d ", x[i]);
    printf("\n");
}
 
// 计算整型数组x中n个元素均值，并返回
// 补足函数average()实现
// ××× 
double average(int x[], int n){
    int i;
    double sum=0;
    double average;
    for (i=0;i<n;i++)sum += x[i];
    average = 1.0*sum / n;
    return average;
}
 
// 对整型数组x中的n个元素降序排序
// 补足函数bubble_sort()实现
// ×××
void bubble_sort(int x[], int n)
{
    int i,t;
    int j=0;
   while(j==0){
        j=1;
        for (i = 0; i < n ; i++)
            if(x[i]<x[i+1]){
                t = x[i];
                x[i] = x[i + 1];
                x[i + 1] = t;}
   }
    return ;
}

 

 

实验任务4

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 100
void dec2n(int x, int n); // 函数声明
int main() {
int x;
printf("输入一个十进制整数: ");
while(scanf("%d", &x) != EOF) {
dec2n(x, 2); // 函数调用: 把x转换成二进制输出
dec2n(x, 8); // 函数调用: 把x转换成八进制输出
dec2n(x, 16); // 函数调用: 把x转换成十六进制输出
printf("\n输入一个十进制整数: ");
}
return 0;
}
// 函数定义
// 功能: 把十进制数x转换成n进制，打印输出
// 补足函数dec2n实现
// ×××
void dec2n(int x, int n) {
    char c[100] = { 0 };
    int i=0,z;
    char y[17] = { '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F' };
    while (x != 0) {
        z = x % n;
        c[i++] = y[z];
        x /= n;
    }i--;
    while (i >= 0) {
        printf("%c",c[i]);
        i--;
    }
    printf("\n");
    return;
}

 

 

实验任务5

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 100
 
void func(int x[][N], int n);
void output(int x[][N], int n);
int main() {
    int x[N][N];
    int i, j, n;
    printf("Enter n: ");
    while (scanf_s("%d", &n) != EOF) {
        func(x, n);
        output(x, n);
        printf("\nEnter n: ");
    }
    return 0;
}
 
void output(int x[][N], int n) {
    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; ++j)
            printf("%5d", x[i][j]);
        printf("\n");
    }
}
 
void func(int x[][N], int n) {
    int i,j,a;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if (i == j) {
                x[i][j] = i + 1;
                for (a = i; a < n; a++) {
                    x[i][a] = i+1;
                    x[a][j] = i + 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
}

 

 

实验任务6

6-1

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80
int main() {
    char views1[N] = "hey, C, I have not love u yet.";
    char views2[N] = "hey, C, how can I love u?";
    char t[N];
    printf("交换前: \n");
    printf("views1: %s\n", views1);
    printf("views2: %s\n", views2);
    // 交换
    strcpy(t, views1);
    strcpy(views1, views2);
    strcpy(views2, t);
    printf("交换后: \n");
    printf("views1: %s\n", views1);
    printf("views2: %s\n", views2);
    return 0;
}

 

 

6-2

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define N 80
int main() {
    char views[2][N] = {"hey, C, I have not love u yet.","hey, C, how can I love u?" };
    char t[N];
    printf("交换前: \n");
    printf("views1: %s\n", views[0]);
    printf("views2: %s\n", views[1]);
    // 交换
    strcpy(t, views[0]);
    strcpy(views[0], views[1]);
    strcpy(views[1], t);
    printf("交换后: \n");
    printf("views1: %s\n", views[0]);
    printf("views2: %s\n", views[1]);
    return 0;
}

 

实验任务7

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define N 5
#define M 20
void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n); // 函数声明
int main() {
    char name[][M] = { "Bob", "Bill", "Joseph", "Taylor", "George" };
    int i;
    printf("输出初始名单:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
        printf("%s\n", name[i]);
    printf("\n排序中...\n");
    bubble_sort(name, N); // 函数调用
    printf("\n按字典序输出名单:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
        printf("%s\n", name[i]);
    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

//函数定义
//功能：使用冒泡排序法对二维数据str中的n个字符串按字典序排序
void bubble_sort(char str[][M], int n) {
       int i,j;
    char x[100];
    for(j=0;j<N-1;j++)
    for(i=0;i<N-j-1;i++)
    if(strcmp(str[i],str[i+1])>0)
    {
        strcpy(x,str[i]);
        strcpy(str[i],str[i+1]);
        strcpy(str[i+1],x);
    }
}