各种集合类型底层实现原理

①HashMap的工作原理

HashMap基于hashing原理,我们通过put()和get()方法储存和获取对象。当我们将键值对传递给put()方法时,它调用键对象的hashCode()方法来计算hashcode,让后找到bucket位置来储存值对象。当获取对象时,通过键对象的equals()方法找到正确的键值对,然后返回值对象。HashMap使用链表来解决碰撞问题,当发生碰撞了,对象将会储存在链表的下一个节点中。 HashMap在每个链表节点中储存键值对对象。

当两个不同的键对象的hashcode相同时会发生什么? 它们会储存在同一个bucket位置的链表中。键对象的equals()方法用来找到键值对。

因为HashMap的好处非常多,我曾经在电子商务的应用中使用HashMap作为缓存。因为金融领域非常多的运用Java,也出于性能的考虑,我们会经常用到HashMap和ConcurrentHashMap。
HashMap底层是用数组链表存储的,元素是Entry。向HashMap添加时,由key的hashcode决定Entry存储位置,当两个Entry对象的key的hashcode相同时,由key的equals()方法返回值决定采用覆盖行为(返回true),还是在链表头添加新的Entry(返回false)。Collection values(),返回集合对象,但不能添加元素,主要是用来遍历。自定义类如果放入HashMap或HashSet中,需要重写equals和hashcode方法。

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Set和Map的关系
Set代表无序,不能重复的集合;Map代表Key-Value组成的集合,是一种关联数组。Map的Key要求是不能重复,没有顺序。把Map的所有Key组合起来就是Set。Set keySet();


HashMap和HashSet原理
HashMap底层是用数组链表存储的,元素是Entry。向HashMap添加时,由key的hashcode决定Entry存储位置,当两个Entry对象的key的hashcode相同时,由key的equals()方法返回值决定采用覆盖行为(返回true),还是在链表头添加新的Entry(返回false)。Collection values(),返回集合对象,但不能添加元素,主要是用来遍历。自定义类如果放入HashMap或HashSet中,需要重写equals和hashcode方法。

 

HashSet s = new HashSet

s.add(new Name("1"));

System.out.println(s.contains(new Name("1")));


如果不对Name类重写hashcode,equals,输出结果是false。因为默认的不能保证结果一样。



TreeMap和TreeSet原理
TreeMap底层是用红黑树来存储,每个Entry对应树的一个节点,TreeMap元素默认从小到大排序。V put(Key k, Value v)实质是二叉排序树的插入算法

ArrayList底层是数组
List是线性表的数据结构,ArrayList是顺序存储的线性表

LinkedList底层是链表
LinkedList是链式存储的线性表,实质是双向链表,实现了List和Deque接口。Deque代表双端队列,既可以当做队列也可以当作栈。

Vector和ArrayList区别
Vector提供synchronized修饰方法,是线程安全版本的ArrayList
.Vector 本质是一个数组,其实所有集合都是数组,从JAVA 来说搞成了对象,符合我  们的OO,可以参考学习。
Iterator迭代器
用于迭代Collection集合,包括Set和List。集合提供iterator()方法
迭代器模式:系统为遍历集合提供标准的“迭代器接口”,用于访问集合里的数据,如何实现交给集合自己完成。
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