[hdu5313]二分图性质,dp

题意:给定二分图,求添加的最多边数,使得添加之后还是二分图

 思路:如果原图可以分成X,Y两个点集,那么边数最多为|X||Y|条。由于|X|+|Y|==n,所以需要使|X|与|Y|尽量接近。先对原图进行染色,对每个连通块,求出它的两种颜色的点数差,并且交换染的颜色,染色方案依然成立。不妨设染色0和1,cnt[i]表示颜色为i的点的个数,并假设cnt[1]总是大于等于cnt[0],|X|对应cnt[1],|Y|对应cnt[0],

(1)对于同一个连通块,由于可以改变第一次染的颜色,则有:

cnt[1]-cnt[0] = ±abs(cnt[1]-cnt[0])                

(2)对不同连通块,有:

cnt[1]-cnt[0]=Σ±abs(cnt[1]-cnt[0])              

左边表示最后的染色为1和0的点数差,也就是|X|-|Y|,右边是一个表达式,值取决于对每一个连通块取的正负情况。于是相当于在一系列正数前面添上正负号,使得最后结果是最小的正数,注意到每个数前面必须添上正号或符号,而所有正数的和是知道的,令为V,同时令第i个正数为Ai,于是转化为以V/2为背包容量、Ai为物品体积、求背包能放满的最大体积,用V减去2倍这个答案就是等号左边的最小值了。|X|-|Y|和|X|+|Y|都出来了,求出|X|、|Y|,|X||Y|-m便是答案。

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/* ******************************************************************************** */
#include <iostream>                                                                 //
#include <cstdio>                                                                   //
#include <cmath>                                                                    //
#include <cstdlib>                                                                  //
#include <cstring>                                                                  //
#include <vector>                                                                   //
#include <ctime>                                                                    //
#include <deque>                                                                    //
#include <queue>                                                                    //
#include <algorithm>                                                                //
using namespace std;                                                                //
                                                                                    //
#define pb push_back                                                                //
#define mp make_pair                                                                //
#define X first                                                                     //
#define Y second                                                                    //
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()                                               //
#define foreach(i, a) for (typeof(a.begin()) it = a.begin(); it != a.end(); it ++)  //
                                                                                    //
void RI(vector<int>&a,int n){a.resize(n);for(int i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);}    //
void RI(){}void RI(int&X){scanf("%d",&X);}template<typename...R>                    //
void RI(int&f,R&...r){RI(f);RI(r...);}void RI(int*p,int*q){int d=p<q?1:-1;          //
while(p!=q){scanf("%d",p);p+=d;}}void print(){cout<<endl;}template<typename T>      //
void print(const T t){cout<<t<<endl;}template<typename F,typename...R>              //
void print(const F f,const R...r){cout<<f<<", ";print(r...);}template<typename T>   //
void print(T*p, T*q){int d=p<q?1:-1;while(p!=q){cout<<*p<<", ";p+=d;}cout<<endl;}   //
                                                                                    //
typedef pair<intint> pii;                                                         //
typedef long long ll;                                                               //
typedef unsigned long long ull;                                                     //
                                                                                    //
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
                                                                                    //
template<typename T>bool umax(T &a, const T &b) {
    return a >= b? false : (a = b, true);
}
 
const int maxn = 1e4 + 7;
 
struct Graph {
    vector<vector<int> > G;
    void clear() { G.clear(); }
    void resize(int n) { G.resize(n + 2); }
    void add(int u, int v) { G[u].push_back(v); }
    vector<int> & operator [] (int u) { return G[u]; }
};
Graph G;
 
int color[maxn], cnt[3];
 
void dfs(int node, int c) {
    color[node] = c;
    cnt[c] ++;
    for (int i = 0; i < G[node].size(); i ++) {
        int v = G[node][i];
        if (!color[v]) dfs(v, 3 - c);
    }
}
vector<int> dp;
int a[maxn];
 
int get(int n, int v) {
    sort(a + 1, a + 1 + n);
    dp.clear();
    dp.pb(0);
    int now = 0, ans = 0;
    bool have[12345] = {true};
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
        int sz = dp.size();
        for (int j = 0; j < sz; j ++) {
            int buf = dp[j] + a[i];
            if (buf <= v && !have[buf]) {
                if (buf == v) return v;
                dp.pb(buf);
                have[buf] = true;
                umax(ans, buf);
            }
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
 
int main() {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    freopen("in.txt""r", stdin);
#endif // ONLINE_JUDGE
    int T, n, m;
    cin >> T;
    while (T --) {
        cin >> n >> m;
        G.clear();
        G.resize(n);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {
            int u, v;
            scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
            G.add(u, v);
            G.add(v, u);
        }
        memset(color, 0, sizeof(color));
        int t = 0, total = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
            if (!color[i]) {
                cnt[1] = cnt[2] = 0;
                dfs(i, 1);
                a[++ t] = cnt[1] - cnt[2];
                if (a[t] < 0) a[t] = -a[t];
                total += a[t];
            }
        }
        int y = total / 2, r = total - 2 * get(t, y);
        cout << (n + r) / 2 * (n - r) / 2 - m << endl;
    }
    return 0;                                                                       //
}                                                                                   //
                                                                                    //
                                                                                    //
                                                                                    //
/* ******************************************************************************** */
posted @ 2015-07-28 06:04  jklongint  阅读(322)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报