Mysql：函数之三： date and time functions：重要的格式化函数

DATE_FORMAT(date,format_str)

Formats the date value according to the format string.

The following specifiers may be used in the format string. The “%” character is required before format specifier characters.

Specifier	Description
%a	Abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
%b	Abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
%c	Month, numeric (0..12)
%D	Day of the month with English suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, …)
%d	Day of the month, numeric (00..31)
%e	Day of the month, numeric (0..31)
%f	Microseconds (000000..999999)
%H	Hour (00..23)
%h	Hour (01..12)
%I	Hour (01..12)
%i	Minutes, numeric (00..59)
%j	Day of year (001..366)
%k	Hour (0..23)
%l	Hour (1..12)
%M	Month name (January..December)
%m	Month, numeric (00..12)
%p	AM or PM
%r	Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM or PM)
%S	Seconds (00..59)
%s	Seconds (00..59)
%T	Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
%U	Week (00..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week
%u	Week (00..53), where Monday is the first day of the week
%V	Week (01..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; used with %X
%v	Week (01..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; used with %x
%W	Weekday name (Sunday..Saturday)
%w	Day of the week (0=Sunday..6=Saturday)
%X	Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %V
%x	Year for the week, where Monday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %v
%Y	Year, numeric, four digits
%y	Year, numeric (two digits)
%%	A literal “%” character
%x	x, for any “x” not listed above

Ranges for the month and day specifiers begin with zero due to the fact that MySQL allows the storing of incomplete dates such as '2014-00-00'.

As of MySQL 5.1.12, the language used for day and month names and abbreviations is controlled by the value of the lc_time_names system variable (Section 9.8, “MySQL Server Locale Support”).

As of MySQL 5.1.15, DATE_FORMAT() returns a string with a character set and collation given by character_set_connection and collation_connection so that it can return month and weekday names containing non-ASCII characters. Before 5.1.15, the return value is a binary string.

mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2009-10-04 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');
        -> 'Sunday October 2009'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2007-10-04 22:23:00', '%H:%i:%s');
        -> '22:23:00'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1900-10-04 22:23:00',
    ->                 '%D %y %a %d %m %b %j');
        -> '4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1997-10-04 22:23:00',
    ->                 '%H %k %I %r %T %S %w');
        -> '22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('1999-01-01', '%X %V');
        -> '1998 52'
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2006-06-00', '%d');
        -> '00'

GET_FORMAT({DATE|TIME|DATETIME}, {'EUR'|'USA'|'JIS'|'ISO'|'INTERNAL'})

Returns a format string. This function is useful in combination with the DATE_FORMAT() and the STR_TO_DATE() functions.

The possible values for the first and second arguments result in several possible format strings (for the specifiers used, see the table in the DATE_FORMAT() function description). ISO format refers to ISO 9075, not ISO 8601.

Function Call	Result
GET_FORMAT(DATE,'USA')	'%m.%d.%Y'
GET_FORMAT(DATE,'JIS')	'%Y-%m-%d'
GET_FORMAT(DATE,'ISO')	'%Y-%m-%d'
GET_FORMAT(DATE,'EUR')	'%d.%m.%Y'
GET_FORMAT(DATE,'INTERNAL')	'%Y%m%d'
GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'USA')	'%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'
GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'JIS')	'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'
GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'ISO')	'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'
GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'EUR')	'%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'
GET_FORMAT(DATETIME,'INTERNAL')	'%Y%m%d%H%i%s'
GET_FORMAT(TIME,'USA')	'%h:%i:%s %p'
GET_FORMAT(TIME,'JIS')	'%H:%i:%s'
GET_FORMAT(TIME,'ISO')	'%H:%i:%s'
GET_FORMAT(TIME,'EUR')	'%H.%i.%s'
GET_FORMAT(TIME,'INTERNAL')	'%H%i%s'

TIMESTAMP can also be used as the first argument to GET_FORMAT(), in which case the function returns the same values as for DATETIME.

mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2003-10-03',GET_FORMAT(DATE,'EUR')); -> '03.10.2003' mysql> SELECT STR_TO_DATE('10.31.2003',GET_FORMAT(DATE,'USA')); -> '2003-10-31'