SpringBoot + Dubbo + ZooKeeper 的 Docker Compose 部署方案

下面我将详细解释如何使用 Docker Compose 部署基于 SpringBoot、Dubbo 和 ZooKeeper 的微服务系统。

一、整体架构设计

二、项目目录结构

dubbo-project/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── .env                     # 环境变量文件
├── zookeeper/
│   ├── conf/
│   │   └── zoo.cfg          # ZK 配置文件
│   └── data/                # ZK 数据目录
├── service-user/            # 用户服务
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   ├── target/service-user.jar
│   └── config/
│       └── application.yml
├── service-order/           # 订单服务
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   ├── target/service-order.jar
│   └── config/
│       └── application.yml
├── service-gateway/         # API网关
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   ├── target/service-gateway.jar
│   └── config/
│       └── application.yml
└── mysql/
    ├── init.sql             # 数据库初始化脚本
    └── conf/
        └── my.cnf           # MySQL 配置文件

三、核心配置文件详解

1. `.env` 环境变量文件

# 公共环境变量
DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS=zookeeper://zk:2181
SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=prod
TZ=Asia/Shanghai

# MySQL 配置
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root123
MYSQL_DATABASE=dubbo_db

# 服务端口
GATEWAY_PORT=8080
USER_SERVICE_PORT=20880
ORDER_SERVICE_PORT=20881

2. `docker-compose.yml` 完整配置

version: '3.8'

networks:
  dubbo-net:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.28.0.0/16

services:
  # ZooKeeper 注册中心
  zk:
    image: zookeeper:3.8
    container_name: zookeeper
    hostname: zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
      - "2888:2888"
      - "3888:3888"
    volumes:
      - ./zookeeper/data:/data
      - ./zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg:/conf/zoo.cfg
      - ./zookeeper/logs:/datalog
    environment:
      ZOO_MY_ID: 1
      ZOO_SERVERS: server.1=zookeeper:2888:3888;2181
    networks:
      - dubbo-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "zkOk.sh"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 6

  # MySQL 数据库
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    container_name: mysql
    hostname: mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
      MYSQL_DATABASE: ${MYSQL_DATABASE}
      TZ: ${TZ}
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
      - ./mysql/conf/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf
    networks:
      - dubbo-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "mysqladmin", "ping", "-h", "localhost"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 10

  # 用户服务
  service-user:
    build:
      context: ./service-user
    container_name: service-user
    hostname: service-user
    depends_on:
      zk:
        condition: service_healthy
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS: ${DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS}
      DUBBO_PROVIDER_HOST: service-user  # 关键配置
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: ${SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE}
      TZ: ${TZ}
    ports:
      - "${USER_SERVICE_PORT}:20880"
    networks:
      - dubbo-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:20880/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

  # 订单服务
  service-order:
    build:
      context: ./service-order
    container_name: service-order
    hostname: service-order
    depends_on:
      zk:
        condition: service_healthy
      mysql:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS: ${DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS}
      DUBBO_PROVIDER_HOST: service-order  # 关键配置
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: ${SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE}
      TZ: ${TZ}
    ports:
      - "${ORDER_SERVICE_PORT}:20881"
    networks:
      - dubbo-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:20881/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

  # API网关
  service-gateway:
    build:
      context: ./service-gateway
    container_name: service-gateway
    hostname: service-gateway
    depends_on:
      service-user:
        condition: service_healthy
      service-order:
        condition: service_healthy
    environment:
      DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS: ${DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS}
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: ${SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE}
      TZ: ${TZ}
    ports:
      - "${GATEWAY_PORT}:8080"
    networks:
      - dubbo-net
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

3. Dubbo 服务配置示例 (service-user)

service-user/config/application.yml:

dubbo:
  application:
    name: service-user
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 20880
  registry:
    address: ${DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS}
  provider:
    host: ${DUBBO_PROVIDER_HOST}  # 使用容器名注册
    check: true
  consumer:
    check: false

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/${MYSQL_DATABASE}?useSSL=false&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: ${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

server:
  port: 20880

4. Dockerfile 示例 (所有服务通用)

# 使用带JRE的Alpine基础镜像
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jre-alpine

# 设置时区
RUN apk add --no-cache tzdata && \
    cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime && \
    echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone

# 创建工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 复制JAR文件和配置文件
COPY target/*.jar app.jar
COPY config/ /app/config/

# 设置健康检查端点（可选）
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --retries=3 \
    CMD curl -f http://localhost:${SERVER_PORT:-20880}/health || exit 1

# 启动应用
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar", "--spring.config.location=/app/config/"]

5. ZooKeeper 配置文件 (zoo.cfg)

tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/data
dataLogDir=/datalog
clientPort=2181
maxClientCnxns=100
autopurge.snapRetainCount=3
autopurge.purgeInterval=1

四、关键问题解决方案

1. 服务注册IP问题（核心问题）

问题：默认Dubbo会使用容器内部IP注册，导致其他服务无法访问
解决方案：

# docker-compose.yml中
environment:
  DUBBO_PROVIDER_HOST: service-user  # 强制使用容器名注册

# application.yml中
dubbo:
  provider:
    host: ${DUBBO_PROVIDER_HOST}

2. 服务启动顺序控制

depends_on:
  zk:
    condition: service_healthy
  mysql:
    condition: service_healthy

3. 健康检查配置

healthcheck:
  # Dubbo服务健康检查
  test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:20880/health"]
  interval: 30s
  timeout: 10s
  retries: 3

4. 网络配置

networks:
  dubbo-net:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 172.28.0.0/16

五、部署流程

构建项目：

# 构建所有服务
mvn clean package -DskipTests

启动服务：
```
docker-compose up -d --build
```

验证服务：

# 查看服务状态
docker-compose ps

# 检查ZooKeeper注册情况
docker exec -it zookeeper zkCli.sh ls /dubbo

# 测试API网关
curl http://localhost:8080/user/1

查看日志：
```
docker-compose logs -f service-user
```

六、生产环境优化建议

1. ZooKeeper集群配置

services:
  zk1:
    image: zookeeper:3.8
    hostname: zk1
    environment:
      ZOO_MY_ID: 1
      ZOO_SERVERS: server.1=zk1:2888:3888;2181 server.2=zk2:2888:3888;2181 server.3=zk3:2888:3888;2181

  zk2:
    image: zookeeper:3.8
    hostname: zk2
    environment:
      ZOO_MY_ID: 2
      ZOO_SERVERS: server.1=zk1:2888:3888;2181 server.2=zk2:2888:3888;2181 server.3=zk3:2888:3888;2181

  zk3:
    image: zookeeper:3.8
    hostname: zk3
    environment:
      ZOO_MY_ID: 3
      ZOO_SERVERS: server.1=zk1:2888:3888;2181 server.2=zk2:2888:3888;2181 server.3=zk3:2888:3888;2181

2. 资源限制

service-user:
  deploy:
    resources:
      limits:
        cpus: '1.0'
        memory: 1G
      reservations:
        memory: 512M

3. 日志管理

logging:
  driver: "json-file"
  options:
    max-size: "10m"
    max-file: "3"

4. Dubbo QoS控制

dubbo:
  application:
    qos-enable: true
    qos-port: 22222
    qos-accept-foreign-ip: false

七、常见问题排查

服务未注册到ZooKeeper：
- 检查DUBBO_REGISTRY_ADDRESS环境变量
- 确认ZooKeeper健康状态：docker-compose logs zookeeper
- 查看服务日志：docker-compose logs service-user
服务调用超时：
- 确认服务健康状态：docker-compose ps
- 检查网络连通性：docker exec -it service-gateway ping service-user
- 增加Dubbo超时时间：
```
dubbo:
  consumer:
    timeout: 5000
```
数据库连接问题：
- 检查MySQL容器状态
- 确认连接URL：jdbc:mysql://mysql:3306/dubbo_db
- 验证MySQL日志：docker-compose logs mysql

此配置方案解决了Dubbo在Docker环境中的核心问题（服务注册IP问题），并通过健康检查、网络隔离、资源限制等机制确保了生产环境的稳定性和可靠性。

posted @ 2025-06-29 11:06 郭慕荣阅读(72) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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郭慕荣博客园

SpringBoot + Dubbo + ZooKeeper 的 Docker Compose 部署方案

一、整体架构设计

二、项目目录结构

三、核心配置文件详解

1. `.env` 环境变量文件

2. `docker-compose.yml` 完整配置

3. Dubbo 服务配置示例 (service-user)

4. Dockerfile 示例 (所有服务通用)

5. ZooKeeper 配置文件 (zoo.cfg)

四、关键问题解决方案

1. 服务注册IP问题（核心问题）

2. 服务启动顺序控制

3. 健康检查配置

4. 网络配置

五、部署流程

六、生产环境优化建议

1. ZooKeeper集群配置

2. 资源限制

3. 日志管理

4. Dubbo QoS控制

七、常见问题排查

公告

郭慕荣博客园

SpringBoot + Dubbo + ZooKeeper 的 Docker Compose 部署方案

一、整体架构设计

二、项目目录结构

三、核心配置文件详解

1. .env 环境变量文件

2. docker-compose.yml 完整配置

3. Dubbo 服务配置示例 (service-user)

4. Dockerfile 示例 (所有服务通用)

5. ZooKeeper 配置文件 (zoo.cfg)

四、关键问题解决方案

1. 服务注册IP问题（核心问题）

2. 服务启动顺序控制

3. 健康检查配置

4. 网络配置

五、部署流程

六、生产环境优化建议

1. ZooKeeper集群配置

2. 资源限制

3. 日志管理

4. Dubbo QoS控制

七、常见问题排查

公告

1. `.env` 环境变量文件

2. `docker-compose.yml` 完整配置