第十一章：Python の网络编程基础(三)

本課主題

多线程的创建和使用
消息队列的介绍
Python 操作 memached 和 redis 实战
本周作业

消息队列的介绍

对列是在内存中创建的，如果整个进程里的程序运行完毕之后会被清空，消息就清空了。

Firt-in-First-Out 先进先出队列，这是一个有两扇门的升降机，先进先出形式。

class Queue:
    '''Create a queue object with a given maximum size.

    If maxsize is <= 0, the queue size is infinite.
    '''

    def __init__(self, maxsize=0):
        self.maxsize = maxsize
        self._init(maxsize)

        # mutex must be held whenever the queue is mutating.  All methods
        # that acquire mutex must release it before returning.  mutex
        # is shared between the three conditions, so acquiring and
        # releasing the conditions also acquires and releases mutex.
        self.mutex = threading.Lock()

        # Notify not_empty whenever an item is added to the queue; a
        # thread waiting to get is notified then.
        self.not_empty = threading.Condition(self.mutex)

        # Notify not_full whenever an item is removed from the queue;
        # a thread waiting to put is notified then.
        self.not_full = threading.Condition(self.mutex)

        # Notify all_tasks_done whenever the number of unfinished tasks
        # drops to zero; thread waiting to join() is notified to resume
        self.all_tasks_done = threading.Condition(self.mutex)
        self.unfinished_tasks = 0

    def task_done(self):
        '''Indicate that a formerly enqueued task is complete.

        Used by Queue consumer threads.  For each get() used to fetch a task,
        a subsequent call to task_done() tells the queue that the processing
        on the task is complete.

        If a join() is currently blocking, it will resume when all items
        have been processed (meaning that a task_done() call was received
        for every item that had been put() into the queue).

        Raises a ValueError if called more times than there were items
        placed in the queue.
        '''
        with self.all_tasks_done:
            unfinished = self.unfinished_tasks - 1
            if unfinished <= 0:
                if unfinished < 0:
                    raise ValueError('task_done() called too many times')
                self.all_tasks_done.notify_all()
            self.unfinished_tasks = unfinished

    def join(self):
        '''Blocks until all items in the Queue have been gotten and processed.

        The count of unfinished tasks goes up whenever an item is added to the
        queue. The count goes down whenever a consumer thread calls task_done()
        to indicate the item was retrieved and all work on it is complete.

        When the count of unfinished tasks drops to zero, join() unblocks.
        '''
        with self.all_tasks_done:
            while self.unfinished_tasks:
                self.all_tasks_done.wait()

    def qsize(self):
        '''Return the approximate size of the queue (not reliable!).'''
        with self.mutex:
            return self._qsize()

    def empty(self):
        '''Return True if the queue is empty, False otherwise (not reliable!).

        This method is likely to be removed at some point.  Use qsize() == 0
        as a direct substitute, but be aware that either approach risks a race
        condition where a queue can grow before the result of empty() or
        qsize() can be used.

        To create code that needs to wait for all queued tasks to be
        completed, the preferred technique is to use the join() method.
        '''
        with self.mutex:
            return not self._qsize()

    def full(self):
        '''Return True if the queue is full, False otherwise (not reliable!).

        This method is likely to be removed at some point.  Use qsize() >= n
        as a direct substitute, but be aware that either approach risks a race
        condition where a queue can shrink before the result of full() or
        qsize() can be used.
        '''
        with self.mutex:
            return 0 < self.maxsize <= self._qsize()

    def put(self, item, block=True, timeout=None):
        '''Put an item into the queue.

        If optional args 'block' is true and 'timeout' is None (the default),
        block if necessary until a free slot is available. If 'timeout' is
        a non-negative number, it blocks at most 'timeout' seconds and raises
        the Full exception if no free slot was available within that time.
        Otherwise ('block' is false), put an item on the queue if a free slot
        is immediately available, else raise the Full exception ('timeout'
        is ignored in that case).
        '''
        with self.not_full:
            if self.maxsize > 0:
                if not block:
                    if self._qsize() >= self.maxsize:
                        raise Full
                elif timeout is None:
                    while self._qsize() >= self.maxsize:
                        self.not_full.wait()
                elif timeout < 0:
                    raise ValueError("'timeout' must be a non-negative number")
                else:
                    endtime = time() + timeout
                    while self._qsize() >= self.maxsize:
                        remaining = endtime - time()
                        if remaining <= 0.0:
                            raise Full
                        self.not_full.wait(remaining)
            self._put(item)
            self.unfinished_tasks += 1
            self.not_empty.notify()

    def get(self, block=True, timeout=None):
        '''Remove and return an item from the queue.

        If optional args 'block' is true and 'timeout' is None (the default),
        block if necessary until an item is available. If 'timeout' is
        a non-negative number, it blocks at most 'timeout' seconds and raises
        the Empty exception if no item was available within that time.
        Otherwise ('block' is false), return an item if one is immediately
        available, else raise the Empty exception ('timeout' is ignored
        in that case).
        '''
        with self.not_empty:
            if not block:
                if not self._qsize():
                    raise Empty
            elif timeout is None:
                while not self._qsize():
                    self.not_empty.wait()
            elif timeout < 0:
                raise ValueError("'timeout' must be a non-negative number")
            else:
                endtime = time() + timeout
                while not self._qsize():
                    remaining = endtime - time()
                    if remaining <= 0.0:
                        raise Empty
                    self.not_empty.wait(remaining)
            item = self._get()
            self.not_full.notify()
            return item

    def put_nowait(self, item):
        '''Put an item into the queue without blocking.

        Only enqueue the item if a free slot is immediately available.
        Otherwise raise the Full exception.
        '''
        return self.put(item, block=False)

    def get_nowait(self):
        '''Remove and return an item from the queue without blocking.

        Only get an item if one is immediately available. Otherwise
        raise the Empty exception.
        '''
        return self.get(block=False)

    # Override these methods to implement other queue organizations
    # (e.g. stack or priority queue).
    # These will only be called with appropriate locks held

    # Initialize the queue representation
    def _init(self, maxsize):
        self.queue = deque()

    def _qsize(self):
        return len(self.queue)

    # Put a new item in the queue
    def _put(self, item):
        self.queue.append(item)

    # Get an item from the queue
    def _get(self):
        return self.queue.popleft()

class Queue源码

import queue

q = queue.Queue()
q.put(123)
q.put(456)
print(q.get())

#123

Queue()例子

Last-in-First-Out 后进先出队列，这是一个只有单扇门的升降机，先进先出形式。

class LifoQueue(Queue):
    '''Variant of Queue that retrieves most recently added entries first.'''

    def _init(self, maxsize):
        self.queue = []

    def _qsize(self):
        return len(self.queue)

    def _put(self, item):
        self.queue.append(item)

    def _get(self):
        return self.queue.pop()

class LifoQueue源码

import queue

q = queue.LifoQueue()
q.put(123)
q.put(456)
print(q.get())

#456

LifoQueue()例子

优先级先出对列 Priority Queue，会加一个优先级，优先级比较高的那一个会先出。

class PriorityQueue(Queue):
    '''Variant of Queue that retrieves open entries in priority order (lowest first).

    Entries are typically tuples of the form:  (priority number, data).
    '''

    def _init(self, maxsize):
        self.queue = []

    def _qsize(self):
        return len(self.queue)

    def _put(self, item):
        heappush(self.queue, item)

    def _get(self):
        return heappop(self.queue)

class PriorityQueue源码

import queue

q = queue.PriorityQueue()
q.put((1,'alex1'))
q.put((6,'alex2'))
q.put((3,'alex3'))

print(q.get()) # 优先级越小愈优先

"""
(1, 'alex1')
"""

PriorityQueue()例子

双向对列

class deque(object):
    """
    deque([iterable[, maxlen]]) --> deque object
    
    A list-like sequence optimized for data accesses near its endpoints.
    """
    def append(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Add an element to the right side of the deque. """
        pass

    def appendleft(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Add an element to the left side of the deque. """
        pass

    def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove all elements from the deque. """
        pass

    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return a shallow copy of a deque. """
        pass

    def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
        return 0

    def extend(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Extend the right side of the deque with elements from the iterable """
        pass

    def extendleft(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Extend the left side of the deque with elements from the iterable """
        pass

    def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        D.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
        Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
        """
        return 0

    def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
        pass

    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove and return the rightmost element. """
        pass

    def popleft(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove and return the leftmost element. """
        pass

    def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value. """
        pass

    def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
        pass

    def rotate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Rotate the deque n steps to the right (default n=1).  If n is negative, rotates left. """
        pass

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self+value. """
        pass

    def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ self != 0 """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return key in self. """
        pass

    def __copy__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return a shallow copy of a deque. """
        pass

    def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Delete self[key]. """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self[key]. """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement self+=value. """
        pass

    def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement self*=value. """
        pass

    def __init__(self, iterable=(), maxlen=None): # known case of _collections.deque.__init__
        """
        deque([iterable[, maxlen]]) --> deque object
        
        A list-like sequence optimized for data accesses near its endpoints.
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement iter(self). """
        pass

    def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return len(self). """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value.n """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return state information for pickling. """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the deque """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Set self[key] to value. """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ D.__sizeof__() -- size of D in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    maxlen = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """maximum size of a deque or None if unbounded"""


    __hash__ = None

class deque源码

import queue

q = queue.deque()
q.append(123)
q.append(333)
q.append(888)
q.append(999)

q.appendleft(456)

print(q.pop())
print(q.popleft())

"""
999
456
"""

deque()例子

消息队列的好处

处理并发的能力变大啦

对列的好处是什么，如果没有这个队列的话,每个连结都有一个最大的连接数，在等着的过程中如果没有消息对列的话，服务端便需要维护这条连接，这也是对服务端造成资源的消耗和浪费，而这条服务端跟客户端的条接便需要挂起，第一、没有新的连接可以进来，第二、正在连接的客务端其实只是等待着。

如果有对列的存在，它没有连接数的限制，你就不需要去担心或维护这个空连接。

一次产生订单，可能中间有很多不同的步骤需要创建，每次产生订单都会耗时耗资源。单次处理请求的能力会降低。

目的是提高处理并发的能力和可以支持瞬间爆发的客戶请求

当没有消息对列：客户提交了订单的请求，客户端和服务器端一样连接等待服务器端查询后返回数据给客户端

当有消息对列时：客户提交了订单的请求，把消息推送到消息对列中，此时客户端和服务器端的连接可以断开，不需要一直连接，当服务器端完整了查询后它会更新数据库的一个状态，此时，客户端会自动刷新到去获得该请求的状态。

另外一個好處是當你把請求放在消息對列中，数据处理能力变得更可扩展、更灵活，只需要多添加几个服务器端，它们就会到对列里拿请求来帮忙。

基本操作

这是一个先进先出的消息对列

创建对列：Quene(x), x代表队列最大长度，过了最大个数放不进去就会卡住。

    def __init__(self, maxsize=0):
        self.maxsize = maxsize
        self._init(maxsize)

        # mutex must be held whenever the queue is mutating.  All methods
        # that acquire mutex must release it before returning.  mutex
        # is shared between the three conditions, so acquiring and
        # releasing the conditions also acquires and releases mutex.
        self.mutex = threading.Lock()

        # Notify not_empty whenever an item is added to the queue; a
        # thread waiting to get is notified then.
        self.not_empty = threading.Condition(self.mutex)

        # Notify not_full whenever an item is removed from the queue;
        # a thread waiting to put is notified then.
        self.not_full = threading.Condition(self.mutex)

        # Notify all_tasks_done whenever the number of unfinished tasks
        # drops to zero; thread waiting to join() is notified to resume
        self.all_tasks_done = threading.Condition(self.mutex)
        self.unfinished_tasks = 0

Queue.__init__( )方法

import queue
q = queue.Queue(10)

基本创建对列的语法 queue.Queue(x)

import queue

# 這是一個有兩扇門的升降机，先進先出形式。
q = queue.Queue(2) #只允许2个人排队

# 在队列中加数据
q.put(11)
q.put(22)
q.put(33, timeout=2) # 过了2秒还没有空闲位置客人就会闹着，程序会报错

"""
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/s13/Day11/practice/s2.py", line 32, in <module>
    q.put(33, timeout=2)
  File "queue.py", line 141, in put
    raise Full
queue.Full
"""

数据放不进队列中

最大支持当前队列的个数:maxsize (字段)

放数据 - put( )

put(self, item, block=True, timeout=None)

# put - 在队列中加数据
#   timeout: 可以加一个超时的时限，过了就报错
#   block: 设置是否阻塞

q = queue.Queue(10)

# 在队列中加数据
q.put(11)
q.put(22)
q.put(33, block=False, timeout=2)

放数据 put( )

放数据 - put_nowait( )，默应是不阻塞的：block = False

取数据 - get( )

get(self, block=True, timeout=None)

# get - 在队列中取数据，默应是阻塞
#   timeout: 可以加一个超时的时限，过了就报错
#   block: 设置是否阻塞

#First-in-first-out
q = queue.Queue(10)

# 在队列中加数据
q.put(11)
q.put(22)

# 在队列中取数据
print(q.qsize()) #查看对列的长度
print(q.get())
print(q.get(timeout=2))

"""
True
11
"""

取数据 get( )

取数据 - get_nowait( )，默应是不阻塞的：block = False

检查当前对列是否为空 - empty( )

q = queue.Queue(10)
print(q.empty()) # True 因为当前没有消息在队列中
q.put(11) # 在队列中加数据
print(q.empty()) # False 因为当前有消息在队列中

"""
True
False
"""

empty( )

检查当前对列是否满了 - full( )
检查当前对列里有几个真实元素 - qsize( )

task_done( ) - 阻塞进程，当队列中任务执行完毕之后，不再阻塞
join( ) - 等待整个任务全部完成后才终止

import queue

q = queue.Queue(5)
q.put(123)
q.put(456)

print(q.get())
q.task_done() # 完成一个动作要调用 task_done() 表明自己已经完成任务

print(q.get())
q.task_done()

q.join() # 表示如果对列里的任务没有完任完成，就会等待着，不会终止程序。

task_done( )和join( )

heapq

在集合中找最大或者是最小值的时候可以用 heapq 来解决

portfolio = [
       {'name': 'IBM', 'shares': 100, 'price': 91.1},
       {'name': 'AAPL', 'shares': 50, 'price': 543.22},
       {'name': 'FB', 'shares': 200, 'price': 21.09},
       {'name': 'HPQ', 'shares': 35, 'price': 31.75},
       {'name': 'YHOO', 'shares': 45, 'price': 16.35},
       {'name': 'ACME', 'shares': 75, 'price': 115.65}
]

cheap = heapq.nsmallest(3,portfolio, key = lambda s: s['price'])
expensive = heapq.nlargest(3,portfolio, key = lambda s: s['price'])

heapq

Python 操作 memached 和 redis 实战

它本质上是通过 socket 来连接然后进行socket通信

Memcached 天生支持集群

[更新中]

[C1,1]

[C2,2]

[C3,1]

[C1,C2,C2,C3]

数字/ len([C1,C2,C2,C3])

Memached 介紹和操作实战

安装
安装其对应的模块 (API)

Python API 操作 Memached 数据库

add
replace
set 和 set_multi
delete 和 delete_multi
append 和 prepend
decr 和 incr
gets和cas

Redis 介紹和操作实战

安装

wget http://download.redis.io/redis-stable.tar.gz
tar xvzf redis-stable.tar.gz
cd redis-stable
make

安装稳定版的Redis

172.16.201.133:6379> ping
PONG #连接正常会返回 Pong

安装后的小测试

Docker 安装 Redis

docker pull redis:latest # Pull 最新的 Docker Image
docker run -itd --name redis-test -p 6379:6379 redis
# -p 6379:6379：映射容器服务的 6379 端口到宿主机的 6379 端口。外部可以直接通过宿主机ip:6379 访问到 Redis 的服务。
docker exec -it redis-test /bin/bash # 进入 docker image

安装其对应的模块 (API)

Cli 操作 Redis 数据库

连接 Redis，先在虚拟器输入 >> redis-server 来启动 Redis服务器，然后可以输入下面代码连接数据库。

redis-cli -h 172.16.201.133 -p 6379 -a mypass

Redis连接

sudo vim /etc/redis/redis.conf

#把 bind 127.0.0.1 改成 0.0.0.0
bind 0.0.0.0

#重新启动 Redis 服务器
sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server restart

远端连接 Redis

user@py-ubuntu:~$ redis-server 
1899:C 20 Oct 14:58:33.558 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.559 * Increased maximum number of open files to 10032 (it was originally set to 1024).
                _._                                                  
           _.-``__ ''-._                                             
      _.-``    `.  `_.  ''-._           Redis 3.0.6 (00000000/0) 64 bit
  .-`` .-```.  ```\/    _.,_ ''-._                                   
 (    '      ,       .-`  | `,    )     Running in standalone mode
 |`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'|     Port: 6379
 |    `-._   `._    /     _.-'    |     PID: 1899
  `-._    `-._  `-./  _.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |           http://redis.io        
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
 |`-._`-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'_.-'|                                  
 |    `-._`-._        _.-'_.-'    |                                  
  `-._    `-._`-.__.-'_.-'    _.-'                                   
      `-._    `-.__.-'    _.-'                                       
          `-._        _.-'                                           
              `-.__.-'                                               

1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.564 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.564 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.6
1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.564 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.564 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.565 * DB loaded from disk: 0.000 seconds
1899:M 20 Oct 14:58:33.565 * The server is now ready to accept connections on port 6379


user@py-ubuntu:~$ redis-cli -h 192.168.80.128 -p 6379
192.168.80.128:6379>

Redis 服务器

String

SET mykey "apple" # 设置1条key,value组合
SETNX mykey "redis" # 设置1条key,value组合如果当前库没有这条key存在
MSET k1 "v1" k2 "v2" k3 "v3" # 同时设置多条key,value组合

String操作(redis-cli)

Get Key from Redis

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS fruits
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> GET fruits
"apple"

Exists and Get操作 (redis-cli)

List

Hash

172.16.201.133:6379> HMSET person name "Janice" sex "F" age 20 #设置person的key,value组合
OK

172.16.201.133:6379> HGETALL person #查看person的所有key,value
1) "name"
2) "Janice"
3) "sex"
4) "F"
5) "age"
6) "20"

172.16.201.133:6379> HEXISTS person name #查看person中有没有name这个key，如果有，返回1
(integer) 1

172.16.201.133:6379> HEXISTS person birthday #查看person中有没有birthday这个key，如果沒有，返回0
(integer) 0

172.16.201.133:6379> HGET person name #查看person中name key的值
"Janice"

172.16.201.133:6379> HKEYS person #查看person有哪些key
1) "name"
2) "sex"
3) "age"

172.16.201.133:6379> HMGET person name sex age #查看person这些key的值
1) "Janice"
2) "F"
3) "20"

172.16.201.133:6379> HVALS person #查看person的所有值
1) "Janice"
2) "F"
3) "20"

172.16.201.133:6379> HLEN person #查看person的长度
(integer) 3

Hash操作(redis-cli)

Publisher-Subscriber

#Subscriber
172.16.201.133:6379> SUBSCRIBE redisChat
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "redisChat"
3) (integer) 1
--------------------------------------------------------
1) "message"
2) "redisChat"
3) "Redis is a great caching technique"
1) "message"
2) "redisChat"
3) "Learn redis by tutorials point"

#Publisher
172.16.201.133:6379> PUBLISH redisChat "Redis is a great caching technique"
(integer) 1
172.16.201.133:6379> PUBLISH redisChat "Learn redis by tutorials point"
(integer) 1

Pub-Sub操作(redis-cli)

xxxx

Python API 操作 Redis 数据库

连接 Redis 有两种方法，一种是直接连接，一种是通过线程池的方式去连接，试说明两种方法的优点和缺点。发送数据前的连接是非常耗时的，你发送数据可能需要1秒，但每次连接可能需要5秒，如果维护了一个连接池的话，就不用每次都重新连接数据库。

普通连接

import redis

r = redis.Redis(host='172.16.201.133', port=6379)
r.set('fruits','apple') # 设置key
print(r.get('fruits')) # 返回字节

连接Redis

连接池方式连接：先维护一个连接池，然后在本地拿到这个连接池就直接发送数据

import redis

pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='172.16.201.133', port=6379) #创建一个线程池
r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool) # 把线程池传入这个 redis 对象里

r.set('fruits','apple') # 设置key
print(r.get('fruits')) # 返回字节

连接池方式连接Redis

String

List

>>> import redis
>>> pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='172.16.201.133', port=6379)
>>> r = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
>>> r.lpush('li',11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99)
9

>>> r.lpop('li') # get the list from the left
b'99'

>>> r.lrange('li',2,5)
[b'66', b'55', b'44', b'33']

>>> r.rpop('li') # get the list from the right
b'11'

操作List(redis-api)

Hash

>>> import redis
>>> r = redis.Redis(host='172.16.201.133', port=6379)
>>> r.hmset('person',{'name':'Janice','sex':'F','age':20})
True

>>> r.hset('movies','name','Doctors')
0

>>> r.hsetnx('movies','name','Secret Garden')
0

>>> print(r.hget('movies','name'))
b'Doctors'

>>> print(r.hget('person','name'))
b'Janice'

>>> print(r.hgetall('person'))
{b'sex': b'F', b'name': b'Janice', b'age': b'20'}

>>> print(r.hmget('person',['name','sex','age']))
[b'Janice', b'F', b'20']

>>> print(r.hexists('person','name'))
True

>>> print(r.hexists('person','birthday')) 
False

>>> print(r.hvals('person'))
[b'Janice', b'F', b'20']

>>> print(r.hvals('movies'))
[b'Doctors']

>>> print(r.hlen('person'))
3

>>> print(r.hdel('person','sex','gender','age'))
2

>>> print(r.hgetall('person'))
{b'name': b'Janice'}

操作Hash(redis-api)

Set

>>> import redis
>>> r = redis.Redis(host='172.16.201.133', port=6379)
>>> r.set('fruits', 'apple')
True

>>> r.setnx('k1', 'v1')
True

>>> r.mset(k2='v2', k3='v3')
True

>>> r.get('fruits')
b'apple'

>>> r.get('k1')
b'v1'

>>> r.mget('k2','k3')
[b'v2', b'v3']

>>> r.getrange('fruits',1,4)
b'pole'

>>> r.strlen('fruits')
5

操作Set(redis-api)

Sorted Set

#add data to Sorted Set in Redis
sorted_set_name='stories'
post_id='5ec0c831f0d6e6001a84aa7b' #key
timestamp=1589692465 #value

r.zadd(sorted_set_name, {post_id:ts})

# add multiple keys
r.zadd(sorted_set_name, {post_id1: ts1, post_id2: ts2})

#get data from Sorted Set in Redis
r.zrange(sorted_set_name, 0, 1500, desc=True, withscores=True)

操作 SortedSet (redis-api)

操作 SortedSet (redis-api)

Publisher 和 Subscriber：发布和订阅。试说明其原理。
Pipeline：通过管队来一致性对 redis 进行操作
xxxx

本周作业

类 Fabric 主机管理程序开发：

运行程序列出主机组或者主机列表
选择指定主机或主机组
选择让主机或者主机组执行命令或者向其传输文件（上传/下载）

參考資料

银角大王：Python之路【第九篇】：Python操作 RabbitMQ、Redis、Memcache、SQLAlchemy

金角大王：

其他：Redis 数据类型详解

posted @ 2016-10-09 01:46 無情阅读(647) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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代码艺术

阅读是净化心灵写程序是传递思想能写出简洁优雅的代码是一种艺术

第十一章：Python の网络编程基础(三)

本課主題

消息队列的介绍

消息队列的好处

基本操作

heapq

Python 操作 memached 和 redis 实战

Memcached 天生支持集群

Memached 介紹和操作实战

Python API 操作 Memached 数据库

Redis 介紹和操作实战

Cli 操作 Redis 数据库

Python API 操作 Redis 数据库

本周作业

參考資料

公告

代码艺术

阅读是净化心灵 写程序是传递思想 能写出简洁优雅的代码是一种艺术

第十一章：Python の 网络编程基础(三)

本課主題

消息队列的介绍

消息队列的好处

基本操作

heapq

Python 操作 memached 和 redis 实战

Memcached 天生支持​​集群

Memached 介紹和操作实战

Python API 操作 Memached 数据库

Redis 介紹和操作实战

Cli 操作 Redis 数据库

Python API 操作 Redis 数据库

本周作业

參考資料

公告

阅读是净化心灵写程序是传递思想能写出简洁优雅的代码是一种艺术

第十一章：Python の网络编程基础(三)

Memcached 天生支持集群