Introduction to Mathematical Thinking - Week 7

Q: Why did nineteenth century mathematicians devote time to the proof of self-evident results? Select the best answer.

A: To gain mastery of, and confidence in, the methods of abstract proof to apply them in less obvious cases.

(看这个看的想睡觉,可能是没有动手跟上老师的思路,只是被动吸收。)

习题

2. Say whether the following proof is valid or not. [3 points]

Theorem. The square of any odd number is 1 more than a multiple of 8. (For example, 32=9=8+1,52=25=38+1.)

Proof: By the Division Theorem, any number can be expressed in one of the forms 4q, 4q+1, 4q+2, 4q+3. So any odd number has one of the forms 4q+1,4q+3. Squaring each of these gives:

(4q+1)2(4q+3)2==16q2+8q+116q2+24q+9==8(2q2+q)+18(2q2+3q+1)+1

In both cases the result is one more than a multiple of 8. This proves the theorem.

不是很理解题意。我的理解:任何奇数的平法都可以表示为 8x + 1 (x 是整数)

 

3

Say whether the following verification of the method of induction is valid or not. [3 points]

Proof: We have to prove that if:

A(1)

(n)[A(n)A(n+1)]

then (n)A(n).

We argue by contradiction. Suppose the conclusion is false. Then there will be a natural number n such that ¬A(n). Let m be the least such number. By the first condition, m>1, so m=n+1 for some n. Since n<mA(n). Then by the second condition, A(n+1), i.e., A(m). This is a contradiction, and that proves the result.

Let m be the least such number. ”,可以添加这样的约束?
题目要求证明任意,如果使用反证法,我们需要证明不存在一个反例。但是现在只证明了最少的这样的数不存在。是不是要这样理解:一个数的集合中,如果最小的数不存在,那么这个集合不存在。类似于造房子,如果没有地基,房子也不存在。
论坛上也有人提了这个问题,解释是这里用了数学归纳法,当 n1 不存在时,整个就不存在了。
 

Evaluate this purported proof

PS7_Q4.pdf
要阐述 big deal,比如归纳法满足的两个条件,以及证明后说明,根据归纳法可得出....结论。还有非通用的,如题目给出的假设,我们给出的假设,也要说明。
 


Evaluate this purported proof

数学要严谨,对还是错,没有模棱两可。因为如果一个工程师根据错误或者模糊的结论来造桥,那么会怎么样?
 


Evaluate this purported proof

数学归纳法,递推,可以假设“直到 n 都成立,然后推广到 n + 1吗?”我之前都是只假设一个 n 成立,然后递推到 n + 1。
posted @ 2017-06-26 10:11  Jay54520  阅读(330)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报