SpringBoot+Vue2.x+MQTT+TDengine3.x搭建物联网设备管理平台
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui'
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'
import './assets/styles/global.css'
import * as echarts from 'echarts'
import dayjs from 'dayjs'
import websocket from './utils/websocket'
// 注册 Element UI
Vue.use(ElementUI, { size: 'small' })
// 全局挂载 echarts
Vue.prototype.$echarts = echarts
// 全局挂载 dayjs
Vue.prototype.$dayjs = dayjs
// 全局挂载 websocket
Vue.prototype.$websocket = websocket
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
router,
store,
render: h => h(App)
}).$mount('#app')
// 应用启动时初始化 WebSocket 连接（可选）
// 在需要实时数据的页面中显式连接
websocket.connect().catch(err => {
console.warn('WebSocket 连接失败，将在需要时重试:', err)
})
1. 前端使用vue2.x 集合websocket 做设备信息的展示。
2. 后端使用springboot 集合，mqtt和 TDengine。
package com.device.backend.config; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.integration.annotation.ServiceActivator; import org.springframework.integration.channel.DirectChannel; import org.springframework.integration.core.MessageProducer; import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.core.DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory; import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.core.MqttPahoClientFactory; import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.inbound.MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter; import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.outbound.MqttPahoMessageHandler; import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.support.DefaultPahoMessageConverter; import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel; import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHandler; /** * MQTT 配置类 */ @Configuration public class MqttConfig { @Value("${mqtt.broker-url}") private String brokerUrl; @Value("${mqtt.client-id}") private String clientId; @Value("${mqtt.username}") private String username; @Value("${mqtt.password}") private String password; @Value("${mqtt.default-topic}") private String defaultTopic; @Value("${mqtt.qos:1}") private int qos; @Value("${mqtt.keep-alive-interval:60}") private int keepAliveInterval; @Value("${mqtt.connection-timeout:30}") private int connectionTimeout; /** * MQTT 客户端工厂 */ @Bean public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory() { DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory(); org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions options = new org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions(); options.setServerURIs(new String[]{brokerUrl}); options.setUserName(username); options.setPassword(password.toCharArray()); options.setKeepAliveInterval(keepAliveInterval); options.setConnectionTimeout(connectionTimeout); options.setAutomaticReconnect(true); options.setCleanSession(false); factory.setConnectionOptions(options); return factory; } /** * MQTT 入站消息通道 */ @Bean public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() { return new DirectChannel(); } /** * MQTT 入站消息适配器 (订阅) */ @Bean public MessageProducer mqttInbound() { MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter = new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter( clientId + "-inbound", mqttClientFactory(), defaultTopic, "device/+/status", "device/+/data", "device/+/event", "device/+/heartbeat", "device/+/register" ); adapter.setCompletionTimeout(5000); adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter()); adapter.setQos(qos); adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel()); return adapter; } /** * MQTT 出站消息通道 */ @Bean public MessageChannel mqttOutboundChannel() { return new DirectChannel(); } /** * MQTT 出站消息处理器 (发布) */ @Bean @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel") public MessageHandler mqttOutbound() { MqttPahoMessageHandler messageHandler = new MqttPahoMessageHandler(clientId + "-outbound", mqttClientFactory()); messageHandler.setAsync(true); messageHandler.setDefaultTopic(defaultTopic); messageHandler.setDefaultQos(qos); return messageHandler; } }
# MQTT 配置 mqtt: broker-url: tcp://localhost:1883 client-id: device-platform-server username: admin password: public default-topic: device/# qos: 1 keep-alive-interval: 60 connection-timeout: 30 auto-reconnect: true
配置TDengine 时序数据库， 存储设备上线，下线等数据。
package com.device.backend.config;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
* TDengine 数据库配置
*/
@Configuration
public class TDengineConfig {
@Value("${tdengine.driver-class-name}")
private String driverClassName;
@Value("${tdengine.url}")
private String url;
@Value("${tdengine.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${tdengine.password}")
private String password;
@Value("${tdengine.database}")
private String database;
/**
* 获取 TDengine 连接
*/
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
try {
Class.forName(driverClassName);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
throw new SQLException("TDengine driver not found", e);
}
return DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
}
/**
* 初始化 TDengine 数据库和超级表
*/
@Bean
public Boolean initTDengine() {
try (Connection conn = getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
// 创建数据库
// String createDbSql = "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS " + database;
// System.out.println("执行 SQL: " + createDbSql);
// stmt.execute(createDbSql);
//
// // 使用数据库
// String useSql = "USE " + database;
// System.out.println("执行 SQL: " + useSql);
// stmt.execute(useSql);
//
// // 创建设备数据超级表 (STable) -
// String createMetricsSql = "CREATE STABLE IF NOT EXISTS device_metrics (" +
// "ts TIMESTAMP, " +
// "temperature FLOAT, " +
// "humidity FLOAT, " +
// "voltage FLOAT, " +
// "current FLOAT, " +
// "power FLOAT, " +
// "battery_level INT, " +
// "signal_strength INT" +
// ") TAGS (" +
// "device_sn VARCHAR(100), " +
// "device_type VARCHAR(50), " +
// "device_group VARCHAR(100)" +
// ")";
// System.out.println("执行 SQL: " + createMetricsSql);
// stmt.execute(createMetricsSql);
//
// // 创建设备事件超级表 -
// String createEventsSql = "CREATE STABLE IF NOT EXISTS device_events (" +
// "ts TIMESTAMP, " +
// "event_type VARCHAR(50), " +
// "event_content VARCHAR(500), " +
// "event_level VARCHAR(20)" +
// ") TAGS (" +
// "device_sn VARCHAR(100)" +
// ")";
// System.out.println("执行 SQL: " + createEventsSql);
// stmt.execute(createEventsSql);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
// System.err.println(" TDengine 初始化失败 (请确认 TDengine 服务已启动): " + e.getMessage());
// e.printStackTrace();
//
// // 如果 STABLE 创建失败，尝试备选方案（普通表）
// try (Connection conn = getConnection();
// Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
//
// System.out.println("尝试备选方案：使用普通表代替...");
// stmt.execute("USE " + database);
//
// // 创建普通表（如果 STABLE 不支持）
// stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS device_metrics (" +
// "ts TIMESTAMP, " +
// "temperature FLOAT, " +
// "humidity FLOAT, " +
// "voltage FLOAT, " +
// "current FLOAT, " +
// "power FLOAT, " +
// "battery_level INT, " +
// "signal_strength INT, " +
// "device_sn VARCHAR(100)" +
// ")");
//
// stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS device_events (" +
// "ts TIMESTAMP, " +
// "event_type VARCHAR(50), " +
// "event_content VARCHAR(500), " +
// "event_level VARCHAR(20), " +
// "device_sn VARCHAR(100)" +
// ")");
//
//
return true;
}
}
public String getDatabase() {
return database;
}
}
TDengine 数据库表
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS device_ts; USE device_ts; -- 设备指标表 CREATE STABLE IF NOT EXISTS device_metrics ( ts TIMESTAMP, temperature FLOAT, humidity FLOAT, voltage FLOAT, current FLOAT, power FLOAT, battery_level INT, signal_strength INT ) TAGS ( device_sn VARCHAR(100), device_type VARCHAR(50), device_group VARCHAR(100) ); -- 设备事件表 CREATE STABLE IF NOT EXISTS device_events ( ts TIMESTAMP, event_type VARCHAR(50), event_content VARCHAR(500), event_level VARCHAR(20) ) TAGS ( device_sn VARCHAR(100) );
3、mqtt处理消息
package com.device.backend.mqtt;
import com.device.backend.dto.DeviceMessageDTO;
import com.device.backend.service.DeviceService;
import com.device.backend.service.TDengineService;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.integration.annotation.ServiceActivator;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* MQTT 消息处理器
* 接收来自 MQTT Broker 的设备消息并进行处理
*/
@Slf4j
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class MqttMessageHandler {
private final DeviceService deviceService;
private final TDengineService tdengineService;
private final SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate;
private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;
/**
* 处理 MQTT 入站消息
* inputChannel 对应 MqttConfig 中配置的入站通道
*/
@ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttInputChannel")
public void handleMessage(Message<?> message) {
String topic = (String) message.getHeaders().get("mqtt_receivedTopic");
String payload = message.getPayload().toString();
log.info("收到MQTT消息 - Topic: {}, Payload: {}", topic, payload);
try {
// 解析 topic: device/{sn}/{type}
String[] parts = topic != null ? topic.split("/") : new String[0];
if (parts.length < 3) {
log.warn("无效的MQTT Topic: {}", topic);
return;
}
String deviceSn = parts[1];
String msgType = parts[2];
switch (msgType) {
case "register":
handleRegister(deviceSn, payload);
break;
case "heartbeat":
handleHeartbeat(deviceSn, payload);
break;
case "status":
handleStatus(deviceSn, payload);
break;
case "data":
handleData(deviceSn, payload);
break;
case "event":
handleEvent(deviceSn, payload);
break;
default:
log.warn("未知消息类型: {}", msgType);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("处理MQTT消息异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
/**
* 处理设备注册消息
*/
private void handleRegister(String deviceSn, String payload) throws Exception {
log.info("设备注册: {}", deviceSn);
Map<?, Object> data = objectMapper.readValue(payload, Map.class);
String ipAddress = (String) data.getOrDefault("ipAddress", "");
deviceService.deviceOnline(deviceSn, ipAddress);
// 保存注册事件到TDengine
tdengineService.saveDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "REGISTER", "设备注册接入", "INFO");
// 推送WebSocket消息给前端
pushDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "REGISTER", "设备注册接入");
}
/**
* 处理心跳消息
*/
private void handleHeartbeat(String deviceSn, String payload) {
deviceService.deviceOnline(deviceSn, null);
// 推送心跳事件
pushDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "HEARTBEAT", "设备心跳");
}
/**
* 处理状态消息
*/
private void handleStatus(String deviceSn, String payload) throws Exception {
DeviceMessageDTO msg = objectMapper.readValue(payload, DeviceMessageDTO.class);
msg.setDeviceSn(deviceSn);
msg.setMsgType("STATUS");
Boolean online = msg.getOnline();
if (online != null) {
if (online) {
deviceService.deviceOnline(deviceSn, msg.getIpAddress());
} else {
deviceService.deviceOffline(deviceSn);
}
}
// 推送到前端
pushDeviceStatus(deviceSn, msg);
}
/**
* 处理数据上报消息
*/
private void handleData(String deviceSn, String payload) throws Exception {
DeviceMessageDTO msg = objectMapper.readValue(payload, DeviceMessageDTO.class);
msg.setDeviceSn(deviceSn);
msg.setMsgType("DATA");
// 更新设备最后上报时间
deviceService.deviceOnline(deviceSn, msg.getIpAddress());
// 保存时序数据到 TDengine
tdengineService.saveDeviceMetrics(msg);
// 推送实时数据到前端
pushDeviceData(deviceSn, msg);
// 检查告警阈值
checkAlarmThreshold(deviceSn, msg);
}
/**
* 处理事件消息
*/
private void handleEvent(String deviceSn, String payload) throws Exception {
Map<?, Object> data = objectMapper.readValue(payload, Map.class);
String eventType = (String) data.getOrDefault("eventType", "UNKNOWN");
String eventContent = (String) data.getOrDefault("content", "");
String eventLevel = (String) data.getOrDefault("level", "INFO");
// 保存到TDengine
tdengineService.saveDeviceEvent(deviceSn, eventType, eventContent, eventLevel);
// 推送前端
pushDeviceEvent(deviceSn, eventType, eventContent);
}
/**
* 检查告警阈值
*/
private void checkAlarmThreshold(String deviceSn, DeviceMessageDTO msg) {
// 注入告警服务 (通过构造器注入)
// 这里需要在类中添加告警服务的注入
if (msg.getTemperature() != null && msg.getTemperature() > 80) {
deviceService.updateStatus(deviceSn, "ALARM", null);
tdengineService.saveDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "HIGH_TEMP",
"温度过高: " + msg.getTemperature() + "°C", "ERROR");
pushDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "ALARM", "温度告警: " + msg.getTemperature() + "°C");
}
if (msg.getBatteryLevel() != null && msg.getBatteryLevel() < 10) {
tdengineService.saveDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "LOW_BATTERY",
"电量不足: " + msg.getBatteryLevel() + "%", "WARNING");
pushDeviceEvent(deviceSn, "LOW_BATTERY", "低电量告警: " + msg.getBatteryLevel() + "%");
}
}
/**
* 推送设备实时数据到前端 WebSocket
*/
private void pushDeviceData(String deviceSn, DeviceMessageDTO msg) {
try {
messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/device/data/" + deviceSn, msg);
messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/device/data", msg);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("推送WebSocket消息失败: {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* 推送设备状态到前端 WebSocket
*/
private void pushDeviceStatus(String deviceSn, DeviceMessageDTO msg) {
try {
Map<String, Object> statusMsg = new HashMap<>();
statusMsg.put("deviceSn", deviceSn);
statusMsg.put("online", msg.getOnline());
statusMsg.put("ipAddress", msg.getIpAddress());
messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/device/status", statusMsg);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("推送设备状态失败: {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* 推送设备事件到前端 WebSocket
*/
private void pushDeviceEvent(String deviceSn, String eventType, String content) {
try {
Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
event.put("deviceSn", deviceSn);
event.put("eventType", eventType);
event.put("content", content);
event.put("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());
messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/device/event", event);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("推送设备事件失败: {}", e.getMessage());
}
}
}
模拟设备订阅主题， 并发布消息
至此，基本的设备管理的流程基本上完成了。总体来说就是 物联网设备在mqtt订阅和发布消息。springboot完成消息的解析和前端交互显示设备状态。使用时序数据库TDengine来存储设备上报信息。
页面向设备发送指令也是通过mqtt主题来做。设备获取到消息会执行对应的指令。
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