（13）ElasticSearch match查询
match 查询知道分词器的存在，会对field进行分词操作，然后再查询。而term不会分词，会把field当成一个整体查询。
1、数据准备
PUT /lib { "settings":{ "number_of_shards":3, "number_of_replicas":0 }, "mappings":{ "user":{ "properties":{ "name":{"type":"text"}, "address":{"type":"text"}, "age":{"type":"integer"}, "interests":{"type":"text"}, "birthday":{"type":"date"} } } } }
put /lib/user/1 { "name":"zhaoliu", "address":"hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi", "age":50, "birthday":"1970-12-12", "interests":"xi huang hejiu,duanlian,lvyou" } put /lib/user/2 { "name":"zhaoming", "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age":20, "birthday":"1998-10-12", "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } put /lib/user/3 { "name":"lisi", "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age":23, "birthday":"1998-10-12", "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } put /lib/user/4 { "name":"wangwu", "address":"bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age":26, "birthday":"1998-10-12", "interests":"xi huan biancheng,tingyinyue,lvyou" } put /lib/user/5 { "name":"zhangsan", "address":"bei jing chao yang qu", "age":29, "birthday":"1988-10-12", "interests":"xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu" }
2、match基本操作
1）、用match查询name是zhaoliu或者zhaoming的，能查出两条记录，而用term查询不出来，因为倒排索引列表中没有 "zhaoliu zhaoming"。如下：
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match":{ "name":"zhaoliu zhaoming" } } }
结果如下：
{ "took": 2, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 2, "max_score": 0.9808292, "hits": [ { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "2", "_score": 0.9808292, "_source": { "name": "zhaoming", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 20, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "1", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "name": "zhaoliu", "address": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi", "age": 50, "birthday": "1970-12-12", "interests": "xi huang hejiu,duanlian,lvyou" } } ] } }
换成term
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "term":{ "name":"zhaoliu zhaoming" } } }
结果如下：
{ "took": 2, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 0, "max_score": null, "hits": [] } }
2）、查询年龄是20的
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match":{"age":20 } } }
3、查询所有的match_all
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_all":{} } }
4、可以指定多个字段multi_match
如下：interests或者name中含有lvyou的都会搜索出来。
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "multi_match":{ "query":"lvyou","fields":["interests","name"] } } }
5、短语匹配 match_phrase
ElasticSearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变。（理解为完全匹配）。如下第一个不能查询到文档，第二个可以查询到文档。
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_phrase":{ "interests":"duanlian,shuoxiangsheng" } } } GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_phrase":{ "interests":"duanlian,changge" } } }
6、指明需要哪些字段_source
1）查询 interests 是 changge，结果中只显示 address、name字段：
GET /lib/user/_search { "_source":["address","name"], "query":{ "match":{ "interests":"changge" } } }
2）查询所有的，结果只显示name，address字段
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_all":{} }, "_source":{ "includes":["name","address"] } }
3）查询所有的，结果不包含age、birthday字段
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_all":{} }, "_source":{ "excludes":["age","birthday"] } }
4）通配符。查询所有的，字段名以addr开头，不包括name，不包括以bir开头的字段
GET /lib3/user/_search { "_source":{ "includes":"addr*", "excludes":["name","bir*"] }, "query":{ "match_all":{} } }
7、排序使用sort实现排序：desc降序，asc升序
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_all":{} }, "sort":{ "age":{"order":"desc"} } }
8、前缀匹配查询match_phrase_prefix
查询出name以zhao开头的文档
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match_phrase_prefix":{ "name":{ "query":"zhao" } } } }
9、范围查询range
参数：from，to，include_lower，include_upper，boost。
include_lower：是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true，
include_upper：是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "range":{ "birthday":{ "from":"1990-10-10", "to":"2018-05-01" } } } }
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "range":{ "age":{ "from":20, "to":25, "include_lower":true, "include_upper":false } } } }
9、wildcard查询
允许使用通配符*和？来进行查询
*代表0个或者多个字符
？代表任意一个字符
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "wildcard":{ "name":"li?i" } } }
10、fuzzy 实现模糊查询
value：查询的关键字
boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0
min_similarity：设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为 0.5，对于字符串，取值
为0-1（包括0和1）；对于数值 ，取值可能大于1；对于日期型取值为1d，1m等 ，1d就代表1天
prefix_length：指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0
max_expansions：查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大
如下,name的值是zholiu可以查询出name是zhaoliu的文档，interests的值是chagge可以查询出interests的值是chagge的文档
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "fuzzy":{ "name":"zholiu" } } }
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "fuzzy":{ "interests":{ "value":"chagge" } } } }
11、高亮查询highlight
搜索出来的文档，在搜索关键字的地方加了标签，如<em>changge</em>，下面是个示例。
GET /lib/user/_search { "query":{ "match":{ "interests":"changge" } }, "highlight":{ "fields":{ "interests":{} } } }
结果如下：
{ "took": 83, "timed_out": false, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 }, "hits": { "total": 3, "max_score": 0.6931472, "hits": [ { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "3", "_score": 0.6931472, "_source": { "name": "lisi", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 23, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" }, "highlight": { "interests": [ "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>" ] } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "2", "_score": 0.47000363, "_source": { "name": "zhaoming", "address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen", "age": 20, "birthday": "1998-10-12", "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge" }, "highlight": { "interests": [ "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>" ] } }, { "_index": "lib", "_type": "user", "_id": "5", "_score": 0.47000363, "_source": { "name": "zhangsan", "address": "bei jing chao yang qu", "age": 29, "birthday": "1988-10-12", "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu" }, "highlight": { "interests": [ "xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,tiaowu" ] } } ] } }
