多线程笔记

1.线程安全概念:
当多个线程访问某一个类(对象或方法)时,这个对象始终都能表现出正确的行为,那么这个类(对象或方法)就是线程安全的。
synchronized:可以在任意对象及方法上加锁,而加锁的这段代码称为"互斥区"或"临界区"

1.1多个线程共用一把锁,多个线程共用多把锁

 

public class MyThread extends Thread{

private int count = 5 ;

//synchronized加锁 没有
public synchronized void run(){
count--;
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(this.currentThread().getName() + " count = "+ count);
}

//    public static void main(String[] args) {
//    /**
//    *    共用一把锁
//    * 分析:当多个线程访问myThread的run方法时,以排队的方式进行处理(这里排对是按照CPU分配的先后顺序而定的),
//    * 一个线程想要执行synchronized修饰的方法里的代码:
//    * 1 尝试获得锁
//    * 2 如果拿到锁,执行synchronized代码体内容;拿不到锁,这个线程就会不断的尝试获得这把锁,直到拿到为止,
//    * 而且是多个线程同时去竞争这把锁。(也就是会有锁竞争的问题)
//    */
//    MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
//    Thread t1 = new Thread(myThread,"t1");
//    Thread t2 = new Thread(myThread,"t2");
//    Thread t3 = new Thread(myThread,"t3");
//    Thread t4 = new Thread(myThread,"t4");
//    Thread t5 = new Thread(myThread,"t5");
//    t1.start();
//    t2.start();
//    t3.start();
//    t4.start();
//    t5.start();
//    }

/* 运行结果
t3:4
t1:3
t2:2
*/


public static void main(String[] args) {

/**
*    每个线程单独一把锁
* 分析:当多个线程访问myThread的run方法时,以排队的方式进行处理(这里排对是按照CPU分配的先后顺序而定的),
* 一个线程想要执行synchronized修饰的方法里的代码:
* 1 尝试获得锁
* 2 如果拿到锁,执行synchronized代码体内容;拿不到锁,这个线程就会不断的尝试获得这把锁,直到拿到为止,
* 而且是多个线程同时去竞争这把锁。(也就是会有锁竞争的问题)
*/
MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread();
MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread();
MyThread myThread3 = new MyThread();
MyThread myThread4 = new MyThread();
MyThread myThread5 = new MyThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myThread1,"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(myThread2,"t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(myThread3,"t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(myThread4,"t4");
Thread t5 = new Thread(myThread5,"t5");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
t5.start();
}
}

 

//多个线程多把锁,没有什么实际作用,一般的是多个线程去更改一个全局变量,所以是多个线程共用一个锁.

1.2类锁
/**
* 关键字synchronized取得的锁都是对象锁,而不是把一段代码(方法)当做锁,
* 所以代码中哪个线程先执行synchronized关键字的方法,哪个线程就持有该方法所属对象的锁(Lock),
*
* 在静态方法上加synchronized关键字,表示锁定.class类,类一级别的锁(独占.class类)。
* @author alienware
*
*/

public class MultiThread {

private int num = 0;

/** static */
public synchronized void printNum(String tag){
try {

if(tag.equals("a")){
num = 100;
System.out.println("tag a, set num over!");

} else {
num = 200;
System.out.println("tag b, set num over!");
}

System.out.println("tag " + tag + ", num = " + num);

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

//注意观察run方法输出顺序
public static void main(String[] args) {

//俩个不同的对象 
final MultiThread m1 = new MultiThread();
final MultiThread m2 = new MultiThread();

Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
m1.printNum("a");
//	m2.printNum("a");
}
});

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
m2.printNum("b");
}
});	

t1.start();
t2.start();

}

/**
* result: 
tag a, set num over!
tag b, set num over!
tag b, num = 200
tag a, num = 100	
*/

//锁加在对象上 ,两个线程 互不干扰 ,如果希望打印的内容是 下面的结果 ,可以使用一个对象,或者把 方法静态化 ,即加类锁
/**
* result: 
tag a, set num over!
tag a, num = 100	
tag b, set num over!
tag b, num = 200
* 
*/

1.3对象锁的同步,异步问题
/**
* 对象锁的同步和异步问题
* @author alienware
*
*/
public class MyObject {

public synchronized void method1(){
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(4000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

/** synchronized */
public void method2(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final MyObject mo = new MyObject();

/**
* 分析:
* t1线程先持有object对象的Lock锁,t2线程可以以异步的方式调用对象中的非synchronized修饰的方法
* t1线程先持有object对象的Lock锁,t2线程如果在这个时候调用对象中的同步(synchronized)方法则需等待,也就是同步
*/
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mo.method1();
}
},"t1");

Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
mo.method2();
}
},"t2");

t1.start();
t2.start();

}

}

  

1.4脏读

/**
* 业务整体需要使用完整的synchronized,保持业务的原子性。
* @author alienware
*
*/
public class DirtyRead {

private String username = "bjsxt";
private String password = "123";

public synchronized void setValue(String username, String password){
this.username = username;

try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

this.password = password;

System.out.println("setValue最终结果:username = " + username + " , password = " + password);
}

public void getValue(){
System.out.println("getValue方法得到:username = " + this.username + " , password = " + this.password);
}


public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

final DirtyRead dr = new DirtyRead();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
dr.setValue("z3", "456");    
}
});
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);

dr.getValue();
}

}

/** result:
* getValue方法得到:username = z3 , password = 123
setValue最终结果:username = z3 , password = 456
*/

//运行过程 , 当t1线程运行到 setValue()方法之后 ,线程休息2s,主线程休息一秒,运行dr.getValue()方法. 在执行setValue()方法

1.5 synchronizedException

/**
* synchronized异常
* @author alienware
*
*/
public class SyncException {

private int i = 0;
public synchronized void operation(){
while(true){
try {
i++;
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , i = " + i);
if(i == 20){
//Integer.parseInt("a");
throw new RuntimeException();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final SyncException se = new SyncException();
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
se.operation();
}
},"t1");
t1.start();
}


}

 

posted @ 2018-08-05 01:05  追光者javaer  阅读(153)  评论(0)    收藏  举报